{{Short description|Branch of medicine}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}} __NOTOC__ {{Infobox Occupation | name= Narcologist | image= | caption= | official_names=Addictionist/addictionologist,<ref name="CampbellM.D.2004">{{cite book|author1=Robert Jean Campbell|author2=Director Gracie Square Hospital and Clinical Professor of Psychiatry Robert Jean Campbell, M.D.|title=Campbell's Psychiatric Dictionary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vrlsos_O13UC&pg=PA11|year=2004|publisher=Oxford University Press, USA|isbn=978-0-19-515221-0|pages=11}}</ref><ref name="Slee2009">{{cite book|author=Slee|title=Slee's Health Care Terms|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5Hf4xWVXwxoC&pg=PA8|date=7 October 2009|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Publishers|isbn=978-0-7637-8903-9|pages=8}}</ref> * Physician | type= Specialty | activity_sector= Medicine | competencies= | formation= * Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) * Doctor of Osteopathic medicine (D.O.) * Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (M.B.B.S.) * Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBChB) | employment_field= Hospitals, clinics | related_occupation= }} '''Narcology''' ({{langx|ru|наркология}}: {{Transliteration|ru|ISO|narkológija}}), from Russian {{lang|ru|нарко-|italic=no}} (narco-, ''pertaining to narcotics, illicit drugs'') + {{lang|ru|-логия|italic=no}} (-logy, "branch of study") is a subspecialty of psychiatry dealing with the prevention, treatment, diagnosis, social care and recovery of drug-dependent persons.<ref name="БРЭ">{{cite web |url=https://bigenc.ru/medicine/text/2249238 |title=Большая российская энциклопедия: Наркология |trans-title=Great Russian Encyclopedia: Narcology |author=Гофман А. Г. |access-date=31 March 2019 |website=BIGENC |language=ru |archive-date=1 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401042756/https://bigenc.ru/medicine/text/2249238 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The study and science of phenomena of "narcomania",<ref group="note">'"Narcomania"' (наркомания: {{Transliteration|ru|ISO|narkománija}}: from "narcotic" + "μανία" [madness]) is a Russian narcological term for "drug addiction" or "drug abuse" (the term usually refers to illicit, forbidden by law drugs).</ref> "toxicomania",<ref group="note">'"Toxicomania'" (токсикомания: {{Transliteration|ru|ISO|toksikománija}}: from "toxic" + "μανία" [madness]) is narcological term for "inhalant abuser", "volatile substances", "benzine", "glue", etc. (related to only non-forbidden drugs)</ref> chronic alcoholism, and its ætiology, pathogenesis, and clinical aspects.<ref name="БРЭ"/><ref name="WHO-Lexicon">{{Cite web |author-link=World Health Organization |date=2020 |title=Lexicon of alcohol and drug terms |url=https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/9241544686 |access-date=2024-01-07 |website=www.who.int |language=en}}</ref> The term for a practitioner of narcology is '''narcologist'''. In the United States, the comparable terms are "addiction medicine" and "addictionist".
Narcology was introduced as a separated medical specialty in the Soviet Union during the early 1960s through the 1970s.<ref name="Шабанов">{{cite book |author=Шабанов П. Д. |title=Наркология: Практическое руководство для врачей |trans-title=Narcology: Clinical Practice Guidelines |location=Moscow |publisher=ГЭОТАР-МЕД |date=2003 |page=5 |isbn=5-9231-0183-1 |language=ru}}</ref> The term "narcology" is used especially in the countries of the former Soviet Union, including Russia.<ref name="WHO-Lexicon" />
== Human right violations in Russia == United Nations bodies and human rights organizations have documented human rights violations against ''people who use drugs'' in Russia, including the absolute prohibition on opioid substitution therapy and methadone maintenance treatment, the use of unscientific methods in the treatment of addictive disorders, the absence of drug dependence treatment for people with serious medical conditions.<ref name="Golichenko">{{cite journal |last1=Golichenko |first1=Mikhail |last2=Chu |first2=Sandra Ka Hon |title=Human rights in patient care: drug treatment and punishment in Russia |journal=Public Health Reviews |volume=39 |issue=1 |year=2018 |page=12 |issn=2107-6952 |doi=10.1186/s40985-018-0088-5 |pmid=29881644 |language=en|pmc=5984458 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
==See also== * Addiction psychiatry * Addiction medicine
== Further literature == * {{cite book |last1=Stoimenov |first1=Y. A. |first2=M. Y. |last2=Stoimenova |first3=P. Y. |last3=Koeva |date=2003 |title=Психиатрический энциклопедический словарь |trans-title=Psychiatric Encyclopaedic Dictionary |language=ru |location=Киев |publisher=МАУП |page=565 |isbn=966-608-306-X}} * {{cite journal|last1=Elovich|first1=Richard|last2=Drucker|first2=Ernest|title=On drug treatment and social control: Russian narcology's great leap backwards|journal=Harm Reduction Journal|volume=5|issue=1|year=2008|pages=23|issn=1477-7517|doi=10.1186/1477-7517-5-23|pmid=18577225 |pmc=2474597 |doi-access=free }}
==References== {{Reflist|group="note"}} ;Sources {{Reflist}} {{medicine}} {{Psychiatry}}
Category:Addiction medicine Category:Addiction psychiatry
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