{{Short description|Process by which a disease or disorder develops}} {{Distinguish|Parthenogenesis|Palingenesis}}
In pathology, '''pathogenesis''' is the process by which a disease or disorder develops. It can include factors which contribute not only to the onset of the disease or disorder, but also to its progression and maintenance.<ref name="Gellman2013">{{cite book |editor1-last=Gellman |editor1-first=Marc D. |editor2-last=Turner |editor2-first=J. Rick |title=Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine |date=2013 |publisher=Springer |location=New York |isbn=978-1-4419-1380-7 |page=716}}</ref> The word comes {{ety|grc|''πάθος'' (pathos)|suffering, disease||''γένεσις'' (genesis)|creation}}.
== Description == Examples of pathogenesis include microbial infection, inflammation, malignancy and tissue breakdown. For example, bacterial pathogenesis is the process by which bacteria cause infectious illness.{{cn|date=August 2022}}
Most diseases are caused by multiple processes. For example, certain cancers arise from dysfunction of the immune system (skin tumors and lymphoma after a renal transplant, which requires immunosuppression), ''Streptococcus pneumoniae'' is spread through contact with respiratory secretions, such as saliva, mucus, or cough droplets from an infected person and colonizes the upper respiratory tract and begins to multiply.<ref>{{cite book |author=Fox A |url=http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/fox/bact-path.htm |title=General aspects of bacterial pathogenesis |publisher=Microbiology and Immunology On-line Textbook |year=2010 |location=University of South Carolina School of Medicine}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=http://global.oup.com/academic/product/a-dictionary-of-epidemiology-9780199976737?cc=us&lang=en |title=A dictionary of epidemiology. |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2014 |isbn=9780199976737 |editor-link=Miquel Porta |veditors=Porta M, Greenland S, Hernán M, dos Santos Silva I, Last JM |edition=6th |location=Oxford}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-21 |title=Meningitis Caused by Streptococcus Pneumoniae, Causes, Symptoms and Treatment: A Review - PEXACY |url=https://pexacy.com/meningitis-caused-by-streptococcus/ |access-date=2022-10-03 |language=en-US}}</ref>
The pathogenic mechanisms of a disease (or condition) are set in motion by the underlying causes, which if controlled would allow the disease to be prevented.<ref name=Last-2000>{{cite book|editor-last=Last|editor-first=JM|title=A Dictionary of Epidemiology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RPaQY8cG4N4C&pg=PA132|edition=4th|year=2000|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-977434-0|page=132}}</ref> Often, a potential cause is identified by epidemiological observations before a pathological link can be drawn between the cause and the disease. The pathological perspective can be directly integrated into an epidemiological approach in the interdisciplinary field of molecular pathological epidemiology.<ref name="pmid20208016">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ogino S, Stampfer M | title = Lifestyle factors and microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer: the evolving field of molecular pathological epidemiology | journal = J. Natl. Cancer Inst. | volume = 102 | issue = 6 | pages = 365–7 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20208016 | pmc = 2841039 | doi = 10.1093/jnci/djq031 }}</ref> Molecular pathological epidemiology can help to assess pathogenesis and causality by means of linking a potential risk factor to molecular pathologic signatures of a disease.<ref name="pmid21036793">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ogino S, Chan AT, Fuchs CS, Giovannucci E | title = Molecular pathological epidemiology of colorectal neoplasia: an emerging transdisciplinary and interdisciplinary field | journal = Gut | volume = 60 | issue = 3 | pages = 397–411 | year = 2011 | pmid = 21036793 | pmc = 3040598 | doi = 10.1136/gut.2010.217182 }}</ref> Thus, the molecular pathological epidemiology paradigm can advance the area of causal inference.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Dr Anubhav |date=2022-10-03 |title=What is Pathogenesis? The Development of a Disease? |url=https://thewitfire.in/2022/10/03/what-is-pathogenesis-the-development-of-a-disease/ |access-date=2022-10-03 |website=Witfire |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003082024/https://thewitfire.in/2022/10/03/what-is-pathogenesis-the-development-of-a-disease/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
If the pathogenesis of a condition is not known, it is considered to be an idiopathic disease.
== See also == {{col div|colwidth=30em}} * Causal inference * Epidemiology * Molecular pathological epidemiology * Molecular pathology * Pathology * Pathophysiology * Salutogenesis {{colend}}
==References== {{Reflist}}
==Further reading== * {{cite book|vauthors=Haugan S, Bjornson W | title = Avian influenza: etiology, pathogenesis, and interventions | date = 2009 | publisher = Nova Science Publishers | location = Hauppauge, NY | isbn = 978-1-60741-846-7 }} {{Portal bar|Medicine}} {{Authority control}}
Category:Pathology