{{Short description|RNA molecule}} {{cs1 config|name-list-style=vanc|display-authors=3}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}} {{Infobox rfam | Name = mir-143 | image = MiR-143 secondary structure.png | width = 220px | caption = miR-143 microRNA secondary structure and sequence conservation | Symbol = mir-143 | AltSymbols = | Rfam = RF00683 | miRBase_family = MIPF0000094 | RNA_type = microRNA | Tax_domain = ''Eukaryota; Vertebrata'' | EntrezGene = 406935 | HGNCid = 31530 | OMIM = 612117 }} In molecular biology, '''mir-143 microRNA''' is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms. mir–143 is highly conserved in vertebrates.<ref name=pmid20064147/> mir-143 is thought be involved in cardiac morphogenesis but has also been implicated in cancer.
== Genomic location == mir– 143 is located on chromosome 5 position 33 in the human genome.<ref name=pmid20064147/> mir-143 is located very close to mir-145 in the genome and it is speculated that they are transcribed as a bicistronic unit.<ref name=pmid19578358/> Their co-transcription means they are frequently studied together in the same cellular pathways and diseases.
== Expression == mir–143 is a direct transcriptional target of the serum response factor, myocardin and nkx2-5.<ref name=pmid19578358/> mir-143 expression is also thought to be controlled epigenetically through heart beat.<ref name=pmid20869435/>
== Targets ==
These are known genetic targets for mir–143 and its effect on them: * Klf4 – Promotes transcription.<ref name=pmid19578358/> * ELK1 – Promotes transcription.<ref name=pmid19578358/> * ADD3 – Represses transcription. F-actin capping protein.<ref name=pmid20460367/> * FNDC38 – Represses transcription. Tumour metastasis.<ref name=pmid20878132/> * HK2 – Represses transcription. Glucose-6-phosphate catalyzing enzyme.{{cn|date=October 2025}} * Raldh2/aldh1a2 – Represses transcription. Involved in heart tube organization.<ref name=pmid20869435/> * rxrab – Represses transcription. Involved in heart tube organization.<ref name=pmid20869435/> * KLF5 – Unknown has conserved miR – 143 binding site.<ref name=pmid20064147/> * MAP3K7– Unknown has conserved miR – 143 binding site.<ref name=pmid20064147/> * TARDBP – Unknown has conserved miR – 143 binding site.<ref name=pmid20064147/> * UBE2E3– Unknown has conserved miR – 143 binding site.<ref name=pmid20064147/>
== Cardiogenesis ==
mir-143 is thought to play an important role in cardiac morphogenesis. mir–143 was found to be the most enriched miRNA in mouse embryonic stem cells that were differentiating into cardiac progenitor cells.<ref name=pmid19578358/> It is a direct transcriptional target of serum response factor, myocardin and nkx2-5.<ref name=pmid19578358/> Research has shown that mir-143 plays an important role in smooth muscle cell fate. It is co-transcribed with miR-145 in cardiac progenitors before becoming vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). VSMCs are unusual in the fact that they can switch between a proliferative or a quiescent more differentiated state. Along with mir–145, mir- 143 has been shown to target a network of transcription factors (including klf4 and elk-1) that promote differentiation and repress the proliferation of VSMCs.<ref name=pmid19578358/> MiR-143 has also been implicated in the more general morphogenesis of the heart. In zebrafish it was shown that mir-143 is required for chamber morphogenesis through repression of add3. A knockout resulted in ventricular collapse.<ref name=pmid20460367/> It has also been suggested that mir-143 expression may be controlled by heart beat. In zebrafish mir-143 expression was absent when heartbeat was arrested and restored when heartbeat was reinitiated.<ref name=pmid20869435/> Understanding mir– 143 may be important for understanding vascular disease. The plasticity of VSMCs is thought to be the basis of many human vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Vacante F, Denby L, Sluimer JC, Baker AH |title=The function of miR-143, miR-145 and the MiR-143 host gene in cardiovascular development and disease |journal=Vasc Pharmacol |volume=112 |issue= |pages=24–30 |date=January 2019 |pmid=30502421 |pmc=6395947 |doi=10.1016/j.vph.2018.11.006 |url=}}</ref> It has also been shown that in human aortic aneurysms the expression of mir-143 and mir-145 were found to be significantly decreased when compared to controls.<ref name=pmid19816508/>
== Cancer == Changes in mir-143 expression have frequently been implicated in cancer. However the exact nature of this relationship is not fully understood. The up-regulation of mir-143 was observed in a hepatocellular carcinoma model during tumor metastasis through repression of FNDC38.<ref name=pmid20878132/> However decreased expression of mir-143 and 145 have been observed in cancer samples. Expression was shown to be decreased in a range of cancer stages, including in very early samples. This suggests that they are involved in tumorgenesis.<ref name=pmid20953119/> A modified version of mir-143 (mir-143BP) with greater activity and resistance to nuclease was shown to have a tumor-suppressive effect on colorectal cancer cells. Recent studies with miR-143, in combination with miR-506 has shown to be effective in blocking cell cycle progression of lung cancer cell lines.<ref name=pmid30002440/> Moreover, this combination treatment reduces angiogenesis.<ref name=pmid30002440/> This makes miR-143 a candidate for RNA medicine for treatment of tumors.<ref name=pmid20953119/>
==References== {{reflist|30em|refs= <ref name="pmid20064147">{{cite journal |vauthors=Trakooljul N, Hicks JA, Liu HC |title=Identification of target genes and pathways associated with chicken microRNA miR-143. |journal=Anim Genet |volume=41 |issue=4 |pages=357–64 |year=2010 |pmid=20064147 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2052.2009.02015.x}}</ref> <ref name="pmid19578358">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cordes KR, Sheehy NT, White MP, Berry EC, Morton SU, Muth AN, Lee TH, Miano JM, Ivey KN, Srivastava D |title=miR-145 and miR-143 regulate smooth muscle cell fate and plasticity |journal=Nature |volume=460 |issue=7256 |pages=705–10 |year=2009 |pmid=19578358 |doi=10.1038/nature08195 |pmc=2769203|bibcode=2009Natur.460..705C }}</ref> <ref name="pmid20869435">{{cite journal |vauthors=Miyasaka KY, Kida YS, Banjo T, Ueki Y, Nagayama K, Matsumoto T, Sato M, Ogura T |title=Heartbeat regulates cardiogenesis by suppressing retinoic acid signaling via expression of miR-143 |journal=Mech Dev |volume= 128|issue= 1–2|pages= 18–28|year=2010 |pmid=20869435 |doi=10.1016/j.mod.2010.09.002|s2cid=18488540 |doi-access= }}</ref> <ref name="pmid20460367">{{cite journal |vauthors=Deacon DC, Nevis KR, Cashman TJ, Zhou Y, Zhao L, Washko D, Guner-Ataman B, Burns CG, Burns CE |title=The miR-143-adducin3 pathway is essential for cardiac chamber morphogenesis |journal=Development |volume=137 |issue=11 |pages=1887–96 |year=2010 |pmid=20460367 |doi=10.1242/dev.050526|doi-access= |s2cid=25024688 }}</ref> <ref name="pmid20878132">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zhang H, Cai X, Wang Y, Tang H, Tong D, Ji F |title=microRNA-143, down-regulated in osteosarcoma, promotes apoptosis and suppresses tumorigenicity by targeting Bcl-2 |journal=Oncol Rep |volume=24 |issue=5 |pages=1363–9 |year=2010 |pmid=20878132 |doi=10.3892/or_00000994|doi-access=free }}</ref> <ref name="pmid19816508">{{cite journal |vauthors=Elia L, Quintavalle M, Zhang J, Contu R, Cossu L, Latronico MV, Peterson KL, Indolfi C, Catalucci D, Chen J, Courtneidge SA, Condorelli G |title=The knockout of miR-143 and -145 alters smooth muscle cell maintenance and vascular homeostasis in mice: correlates with human disease |journal=Cell Death Differ |volume=16 |issue=12 |pages=1590–8 |year=2009 |pmid=19816508 |doi=10.1038/cdd.2009.153 |pmc=3014107}}</ref> <ref name="pmid20953119">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kitade Y, Akao Y |title=MicroRNAs and Their Therapeutic Potential for Human Diseases: MicroRNAs, miR-143 and -145, Function as Anti-oncomirs and the Application of Chemically Modified miR-143 as an Anti-cancer Drug |journal=J Pharmacol Sci |volume= 114|issue= 3|pages= 276–80|year=2010 |pmid=20953119 |doi=10.1254/jphs.10R12FM|doi-access=free }}</ref> <ref name=pmid30002440>{{cite journal |last1=Hossian |first1=A. K. M. Nawshad |last2=Sajib |first2=Md. Sanaullah |last3=Tullar |first3=Paul E. |last4=Mikelis |first4=Constantinos M. |last5=Mattheolabakis |first5=George |title=Multipronged activity of combinatorial miR-143 and miR-506 inhibits Lung Cancer cell cycle progression and angiogenesis in vitro |journal=Scientific Reports |date=12 July 2018 |volume=8 |issue=1 |page=10495 |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-28872-2 |pmid=30002440 |pmc=6043488 |bibcode=2018NatSR...810495H }}</ref> }}
==Further reading== {{refbegin}} * {{cite journal |vauthors=Kulda V, Pesta M, Topolcan O, Liska V, Treska V, Sutnar A, Rupert K, Ludvikova M, Babuska V, Holubec L, Cerny R |title=Relevance of miR-21 and miR-143 expression in tissue samples of colorectal carcinoma and its liver metastases |journal=Cancer Genet Cytogenet |volume=200 |issue=2 |pages=154–60 |year=2010 |pmid=20620599 |doi=10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2010.04.015}} * {{cite journal |vauthors=Yang Y, Chaerkady R, Kandasamy K, Huang TC, Selvan LD, Dwivedi SB, Kent OA, Mendell JT, Pandey A |title=Identifying targets of miR-143 using a SILAC-based proteomic approach |journal=Mol Biosyst |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=1873–82 |year=2010 |pmid=20544124 |doi=10.1039/c004401f|pmc=3812686 }} * {{cite journal |vauthors=Iio A, Nakagawa Y, Hirata I, Naoe T, Akao Y |title=Identification of non-coding RNAs embracing microRNA-143/145 cluster |journal=Mol Cancer |volume=9 |page=136 |year=2010 |pmid=20525177 |doi=10.1186/1476-4598-9-136 |pmc=2903500 |doi-access=free }} * {{cite journal |vauthors=Wang X, Hu G, Zhou J |title=Repression of versican expression by microRNA-143 |journal=J Biol Chem |volume=285 |issue=30 |pages=23241–50 |year=2010 |pmid=20489207 |doi=10.1074/jbc.M109.084673 |pmc=2906317|doi-access=free }} * {{cite journal |vauthors=Gao W, Yu Y, Cao H, Shen H, Li X, Pan S, Shu Y |title=Deregulated expression of miR-21, miR-143 and miR-181a in non-small cell lung cancer is related to clinicopathologic characteristics or patient prognosis |journal=Biomed Pharmacother |volume=64 |issue=6 |pages=399–408 |year=2010 |pmid=20363096 |doi=10.1016/j.biopha.2010.01.018}} * {{cite journal |vauthors=Akao Y, Nakagawa Y, Hirata I, Iio A, Itoh T, Kojima K, Nakashima R, Kitade Y, Naoe T |title=Role of anti-oncomirs miR-143 and -145 in human colorectal tumors |journal=Cancer Gene Ther |volume=17 |issue=6 |pages=398–408 |year=2010 |pmid=20094072 |doi=10.1038/cgt.2009.88|doi-access= |s2cid=27389187 }} * {{cite journal |vauthors=Clapé C, Fritz V, Henriquet C, Apparailly F, Fernandez PL, Iborra F, Avancès C, Villalba M, Culine S, Fajas L |title=miR-143 interferes with ERK5 signaling, and abrogates prostate cancer progression in mice |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=4 |issue=10 |article-number=e7542 |year=2009 |pmid=19855844 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0007542 |pmc=2763222 |editor1-last=Creighton |editor1-first=Chad|doi-access=free |bibcode=2009PLoSO...4.7542C }} * {{cite journal |vauthors=Borralho PM, Kren BT, Castro RE, da Silva IB, Steer CJ, Rodrigues CM |title=MicroRNA-143 reduces viability and increases sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil in HCT116 human colorectal cancer cells |journal=FEBS J |volume=276 |issue=22 |pages=6689–700 |year=2009 |pmid=19843160 |doi=10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07383.x|s2cid=205881537 |doi-access=free }} * {{cite journal |vauthors=Xin M, Small EM, Sutherland LB, Qi X, McAnally J, Plato CF, Richardson JA, Bassel-Duby R, Olson EN |title=MicroRNAs miR-143 and miR-145 modulate cytoskeletal dynamics and responsiveness of smooth muscle cells to injury |journal=Genes Dev |volume=23 |issue=18 |pages=2166–78 |year=2009 |pmid=19720868 |doi=10.1101/gad.1842409 |pmc=2751981}} * {{cite journal |vauthors=Zhang R, Wang L, Yang AG |title=Is microRNA-143 really a turncoat of tumor suppressor microRNA in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma? |journal=Hepatology |volume=50 |issue=3 |pages=987; author reply 987–8 |year=2009 |pmid=19670426 |doi=10.1002/hep.23124|s2cid=2177122 |doi-access=free }} * {{cite journal |vauthors=Ng EK, Tsang WP, Ng SS, Jin HC, Yu J, Li JJ, Röcken C, Ebert MP, Kwok TT, Sung JJ |title=MicroRNA-143 targets DNA methyltransferases 3A in colorectal cancer |journal=Br J Cancer |volume=101 |issue=4 |pages=699–706 |year=2009 |pmid=19638978 |doi=10.1038/sj.bjc.6605195 |pmc=2736825}} * {{cite journal |vauthors=Zhang X, Liu S, Hu T, Liu S, He Y, Sun S |title=Up-regulated microRNA-143 transcribed by nuclear factor kappa B enhances hepatocarcinoma metastasis by repressing fibronectin expression |journal=Hepatology |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=490–9 |year=2009 |pmid=19472311 |doi=10.1002/hep.23008|s2cid=32196346 |doi-access=free }} * {{cite journal |vauthors=Akao Y, Nakagawa Y, Iio A, Naoe T |title=Role of microRNA-143 in Fas-mediated apoptosis in human T-cell leukemia Jurkat cells |journal=Leuk Res |volume=33 |issue=11 |pages=1530–8 |year=2009 |pmid=19464056 |doi=10.1016/j.leukres.2009.04.019}} {{refend}}
==External links== * {{Rfam|id=RF00683|name=mir-143 microRNA precursor family}}
{{miRNA precursor families}}
Category:MicroRNA Category:Genes on human chromosome 5