{{short description|Collection of masculist and misogynistic websites and forums}} {{pp-protected|small=yes}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}}
The '''manosphere''' is a varied collection of websites, blogs, and online forums promoting masculinity, misogyny, and opposition to feminism.<ref>{{harvp|Kennedy-Kollar|2024|p=17}}; {{harvp|Hodapp|2017|p=xv}}; {{harvp|Lumsden|2019|pp=98–99}}; {{harvp|Jane|2018|p=662}}; {{harvp|Marwick|Lewis|2017|pp=9, 13}}</ref> Communities within the manosphere include men's rights activists (MRAs),{{r|MRM}} incels (involuntary celibates),{{r|incels}} Men Going Their Own Way (MGTOW),{{r|MGTOW}} pick-up artists (PUA),{{r|PUA}} and fathers' rights groups.{{r|fathers' rights}} While the specifics of each group's beliefs sometimes conflict, they are generally united in the belief that society is biased against men due to the influence of feminism, and that feminists promote misandry (hatred of men).<ref>{{harvp|Sugiura|2021|p=23}}; {{harvp|Winter|2019|pp=51–54}}; {{harvp|Lumsden|2019|p=99}}; {{harvp|Ging|2019|p=640}}; {{harvp|Marche|2016}}</ref> Acceptance of these ideas is described as "taking the red pill", a metaphor borrowed from the film ''The Matrix''.<ref>{{harvp|Winter|2019|pp=51–54}}; {{harvp|Lumsden|2019|p=99}}; {{harvp|Ging|2019|p=640}}; {{harvp|Marche|2016}}</ref>
The manosphere overlaps with the far-right and alt-right communities.{{r|alt-right}} It has also been associated with online harassment and has been implicated in radicalizing men into misogynist beliefs and the glorification of violence against women.{{r|harassment violence radicalization}} Some sources have associated manosphere-based radicalization with mass shootings motivated by misogyny.<ref name="mass shootings">{{harvp|Lewis|2019}}; {{harvp|Dewey|2014}}; {{harvp|Tye|2021}}</ref> The manosphere received significant media coverage following the 2014 Isla Vista killings in California, the 2015 Umpqua Community College shooting in Oregon, and the 2018 Toronto van attack, as well as the online harassment campaign against women in the video game industry known as GamerGate.<ref>{{harvp|Ging|2019|p=640}}; {{harvp|Jones|Trott|Wright|2020|pp=1–2}}; {{harvp|Zuckerberg|2018|p=21}}</ref>
Prominent figures within the manosphere include various social media influencers such as Andrew Tate, Myron Gaines, Rollo Tomassi, and Jordan Peterson.
== History == The roots of the manosphere lie in the men's liberation movement of the 1970s and 1980s,<ref>{{harvp|Ging|2019|p=639}}; {{harvp|Jones|Trott|Wright|2020|p=14}}; {{harvp|Horta Ribeiro|Blackburn|Bradlyn|De Cristofaro|2021|pp=197–198}}</ref> which began as a critique of the limiting nature of traditional male gender roles.{{sfnp|Horta Ribeiro|Blackburn|Bradlyn|De Cristofaro|2021|pp=197–198}} However, in the 1970s, the nascent men's rights movement began to attribute men's problems to feminism and female empowerment.{{sfnp|Horta Ribeiro|Blackburn|Bradlyn|De Cristofaro|2021|pp=197–198}} Media scholar Debbie Ging posits that the growth of the World Wide Web has enabled the spread of "virulent" anti-feminism, misogyny, and associated violent rhetoric.{{sfnp|Horta Ribeiro|Blackburn|Bradlyn|De Cristofaro|2021|pp=197–198}}
Recent research traces the manosphere's modern incarnation to early online men's-rights discussion forums and pick-up-artist communities that emerged in the late 1990s and early 2000s.{{sfnp|Horta Ribeiro|Blackburn|Bradlyn|De Cristofaro|2021|pp=}} Its ideological roots reach further back to twentieth-century activist organizations that claimed men were disadvantaged in divorce and custody proceedings. Over time, these loosely connected spaces coalesced into a cohesive ecosystem united by shared frustration over perceived injustices against men, a development amplified by social networks and online forums. Scholars note that high-profile figures—through blogs, YouTube channels, and other web platforms—popularized these ideas, engaged followers, and helped establish the ideological framework that now shapes the broader community.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The 'Manosphere' |url=https://www.isdglobal.org/explainers/the-manosphere-explainer/ |access-date=April 30, 2025 |website=ISD |language=en-GB}}</ref>
Building upon these early foundations, the manosphere gained momentum in the early 2010s as online influencers and content creators promoted "red pill" philosophies—ideas that claim society is systematically biased against men—through viral videos, podcasts, and debates.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Barnes |first1=Mariel J. |last2=Karim |first2=Sabrina M. |date=January 17, 2025 |title=The Manosphere and Politics |journal=Comparative Political Studies |language=EN |volume=0 |article-number=00104140241312095 |doi=10.1177/00104140241312095 |issn=0010-4140}}</ref> Media reports and academic studies have observed that many of these influencers intentionally use controversy and confrontational language to expand their audiences and generate revenue. A January 2020 study found that such tactics have spread misogynistic speech beyond fringe websites, fueling widespread online hate campaigns and, in some cases, contributing to violence against women.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Steele |first=Anne |title=Beyond the Manosphere: A New Wave of Popular Political Podcasts Ascends |url=https://www.wsj.com/business/media/beyond-the-manosphere-a-new-wave-of-popular-political-podcasts-ascends-79888876 |access-date=April 30, 2025 |website=WSJ |language=en-US}}</ref>
The term "manosphere", a play on the word "blogosphere", is believed to have first appeared on Blogspot in 2009.<ref>{{harvp|Horta Ribeiro|Blackburn|Bradlyn|De Cristofaro|2021|pp=197–198}}; {{harvp|Nagle|2017|p=15}}; {{harvp|Ging|2019|pp=639–640}}</ref> It was subsequently popularized by Ian Ironwood, a pornography marketer who collected a variety of blogs and forums in book form as ''The Manosphere: A New Hope For Masculinity''.{{sfnp|Sugiura|2021|p=23}} The term entered the popular lexicon when news media began to use it in stories about men who had committed acts of misogynist violence, sexual assault, and online harassment.{{sfnp|Ging|2019|p=640}}
Journalist Emma A. Jane identifies the late 2000s–early 2010s as a "tipping point" when manosphere communities moved from the fringes of the Internet towards the mainstream. She hypothesizes this was related to the advent of Web 2.0 and the rise of social media, in combination with ongoing systemic misogyny within a patriarchal culture. Jane writes that the manosphere was well established by the time of the GamerGate controversy in 2014, and misogynistic language such as graphic rape threats against women had entered mainstream discourse, being deployed by men not necessarily identified with any specific manosphere group.{{sfnp|Jane|2018|p=667}}
Following Donald Trump's victory in the 2024 United States presidential election, the Associated Press reported that an "emboldened" manosphere used Trump's win "to justify and amplify misogynistic derision and threats online" and that it was no longer an online-only phenomenon. It highlighted the phrase "Your body, my choice" being used against women coined by Nick Fuentes, along with the phrases "Get back in the kitchen" and "Repeal the 19th" receiving millions of views on X. It also reported that the phrases had moved offline, "with boys chanting ['Your body, my choice'] in middle schools or men directing it at women on college campuses", and highlighted a man holding a sign that read "Women Are Property" at Texas State University.{{sfnp|Fernando|2024}}
== Themes and ideology == The manosphere is a varied group of online communities<ref name="diverse">{{multiref2 | {{harvp|Marwick|Caplan|2018|p=553|ps=: "The manosphere is an aggregate of diverse communities brought together by a common language that orients them in opposition to the discourse and rhetoric of feminism."}} | {{harvp|Hodapp|2017|p=xv|ps=: "The manosphere is a group of loosely associated websites, blogs, and forums all concerned with masculinity and men's issues, and includes input from the MRM, pick-up artists, anti-feminists, and fathers' rights activists."}} | {{harvp|Jones|Trott|Wright|2020|p=1904|ps=: "The Manosphere is now home to several different groups, including pickup artists, the more radical 'Incels', father's groups, Men's Rights Activists (MRAs) and the Men Going Their Own Way (MGTOW) group and each has important differences that need to be unpacked."}} }}</ref> that includes men's-rights activists (MRAs),<ref name="MRM">{{harvp|Hodapp|2017|p=xv}}; {{harvp|Sugiura|2021|p=23}}; {{harvp|Nagle|2017|pp=86–87}}; {{harvp|Jones|Trott|Wright|2020|p=2}}; {{harvp|Ging|2019|pp=639, 644}}; {{harvp|Van Valkenburgh|2021|pp=1–2}}</ref> incels (involuntary celibates),<ref name="incels">{{harvp|Sugiura|2021|p=23}}; {{harvp|Nagle|2017|pp=92–93}}; {{harvp|Jones|Trott|Wright|2020|p=2}}; {{harvp|Zuckerberg|2018|p=15}}</ref> Men Going Their Own Way (MGTOW),<ref name="MGTOW">{{harvp|Sugiura|2021|p=23}}; {{harvp|Jones|Trott|Wright|2020|p=2}}; {{harvp|Nagle|2017|p=93}}; {{harvp|Ging|2019|p=644}}; {{harvp|Zuckerberg|2018|p=19}}</ref> pick-up artists (PUAs),<ref name="PUA">{{harvp|Hodapp|2017|p=xv}}; {{harvp|Sugiura|2021|p=23}}; {{harvp|Nagle|2017|pp=92–93}}; {{harvp|Jones|Trott|Wright|2020|p=2}}; {{harvp|Ging|2019|p=644}}; {{harvp|Van Valkenburgh|2021|pp=1–2}}; {{harvp|Zuckerberg|2018|p=17}}</ref> and fathers' rights groups.<ref name="fathers' rights">{{harvp|Hodapp|2017|p=xv}}; {{harvp|Sugiura|2021|p=23}}; {{harvp|Marwick|Caplan|2018|p=546}}; {{harvp|Jones|Trott|Wright|2020|p=2}}; {{harvp|Nicholas|Agius|2018|pp=30, 34}}</ref> Some groups within the manosphere have adversarial relationships with one another.<ref>{{harvp|Zuckerberg|2018|pp=13–16}}; {{harvp|Nagle|2017|pp=15–19}}</ref> Groups such as MRAs and PUAs tend to exaggerate their differences with one another, despite their philosophies being almost identical.{{sfnp|Ging|2019|p=644}}
While the specifics of each group's beliefs sometimes conflict, the general ideology of manosphere groups centers on the promotion of masculinity, antifeminism, and misogyny.<ref name="masculinity antifeminism misogyny">{{multiref2 | {{harvp|Kennedy-Kollar|2024|p=17|ps=: "The ideology of the manosphere is misogynistic and anti-feminist. [...] Different groups within the manosphere emphasize different aspects of the ideology, but the main tenets remain consistent across groups."}} | {{harvp|Jane|2018|p=662|ps=: "Despite some conflicting agendas and tribalism, [manosphere] groups are united by an antagonism towards women, a vehement opposition to feminism, and the production of hyperbolic misogynist discourse"}} | {{harvp|Hodapp|2017|p=8|ps=: "The MRM is related to the manosphere, a loose association of websites and organizations promoting certain forms of masculinity and generally expressing a disdain for feminism."}} | {{harvp|Marwick|Lewis|2017|pp=9, 13–14 |ps=: "The 'manosphere' is a loose collection of blogs and forums devoted to men's rights, sexual strategy, and misogyny."}} }}</ref> In particular, feminists are portrayed as ignoring male victims of sexual assault and encouraging false rape accusations against men.{{sfnp|Marwick|Caplan|2018|p=546}} Journalist Caitlin Dewey argues that the main tenets of the manosphere can be reduced to (1) the corruption of modern society by feminism, in violation of inherent sex differences between men and women; and (2) the ability of men to save society or achieve sexual prowess by adopting a hyper-masculine role and forcing women to submit to them.<ref>{{harvp|Dewey|2014}}, quoted in {{harvtxt|Hodapp|2017|p=xv}}</ref>
A central theme permeating the manosphere is that of misandry (hatred of men).{{sfnp|Sugiura|2021|p=21}} Disparate groups within the manosphere are united by the central belief that feminism dominates contemporary society, promoting a misandrist ideology that needs to be overthrown.{{sfnp|Sugiura|2021|p=23}}
=== <span class="anchor" id="Manosphere jargon"></span> Jargon === The manosphere has its own distinct jargon.{{sfnp|Hodapp|2017|p=xv}} A central tenet of the manosphere is the concept of the ''red pill'', a metaphor borrowed from the film ''The Matrix''. It concerns awakening men to the supposed reality that men are the oppressed gender in a society dominated by feminism.<ref>{{harvp|Hodapp|2017|p=xvi}}; {{harvp|Winter|2019|pp=51–54}}; {{harvp|Lumsden|2019|p=99}}; {{harvp|Ging|2019|p=640}}; {{harvp|Marche|2016}}</ref> Manospherians believe that feminists and political correctness obscure this reality, and that men are victims who must fight to protect themselves.<ref>{{harvp|Marwick|Caplan|2018|p=546}}; {{harvp|Lumsden|2019|p=99}}; {{harvp|Lewis|2019}}</ref> Accepting the manosphere's ideology is equated with "taking the red pill" (sometimes abbreviated ''TRP''), and those who do not are seen as "blue pilled" or as having "taken the blue pill".<ref>{{harvp|Zuckerberg|2018|pp=1–2, 12–13}}; {{harvp|Nagle|2017|pp=93–94}}; {{harvp|Friedland|2018|pp=126–127}}; {{harvp|Ging|2019|p=640}}</ref> Such terminology originated on the antifeminist subreddit /r/TheRedPill and was later taken up by other groups within the manosphere, including pickup artists and men's rights activists.<ref>{{harvp|Van Valkenburgh|2021|p=85}}; {{harvp|Ging|2019|p=645}}</ref> Author Donna Zuckerberg writes, "The Red Pill represents a new phase in online misogyny. Its members not only mock and belittle women; they also believe that in our society, men are oppressed by women."{{sfnp|Zuckerberg|2018|p=15}}
Men are commonly divided into "alpha" and "beta" males<ref>{{harvp|Ging|2019|pp=650–651}}; {{harvp|Zuckerberg|2018|pp=109–110}}; {{harvp|Nagle|2017|pp=88–89}}</ref> within an evolutionary-psychology framework, where "alphas" are seen as sexually dominant and attractive to women, who are hardwired to want sex with alphas but will pair with "beta" males for financial benefits. Among MRAs and PUAs this argument is known as "alpha fux beta bux".{{sfnp|Ging|2019|p=650}} On the Red Pill subreddit, "swallowing the red pill" means understanding that women's innate biological nature is "manipulative, attention-seeking, inconsistent, emotional, and hypergamous [i.e. seeking a high-status partner]"; participants seek to use this knowledge to manipulate and dominate women in the hope of obtaining sex with few emotional demands.{{sfnp|Kennedy-Kollar|2024|pp=15–16}}
The idea of ''misandry'' (hatred of or prejudice against men) is commonly invoked, both as an equivalent to misogyny and a way to deny the existence of institutionalized sexism.{{sfnp|Marwick|Caplan|2018|pp=553–554}} However, there is little evidence to show that misandry is an issue affecting men's lives.{{sfnp|Sugiura|2021|p=21}} For instance, both male and female homicide victims are more likely to have been killed by a man, rather than by a woman. Although feminism is described within the manosphere as a misandrist movement, there are no significant feminist groups dedicated to espousing hatred of men or encouraging female violence against men.{{sfnp|Sugiura|2021|p=21}}
=== Associated movements === The manosphere overlaps with white-supremacist and far-right ideologies,{{sfnp|Sugiura|2021|p=23}} including the neoreactionary, white-nationalist alt-right movement.<ref name="alt-right">{{harvp|Nicholas|Agius|2018|p=36}}; {{harvp|Zuckerberg|2018|pp=11, 19–20}}; {{harvp|Nagle|2017|pp=86–87}}</ref> Many alt-right members are either pick-up artists or MGTOW, and "the policing of white female sexuality is a major concern" of the alt-right, according to Zuckerberg.{{sfnp|Zuckerberg|2018|p=20}} The severity of the antifeminism espoused within these communities varies, with some espousing fairly mild sexism and others glorifying extreme misogyny.{{sfnp|Lewis|2019}} Racism and xenophobia are also common among groups in the manosphere, and perceived threats against Western civilization are a popular topic.<ref>{{harvp|Lewis|2019}}; {{harvp|Zuckerberg|2018|pp=2–9, 46}}; {{harvp|Nicholas|Agius|2018|p=52}}</ref> Tracie Farrell of Open University and colleagues write that in addition to the "angry white men" associated with the alt-right, the manosphere also contains "men of colour, struggling with systemic racism that extends to beauty ideals and status".{{sfnp|Farrell|Araque|Fernandez|Alani|2020|p=229}}
=== Radicalization and violence === The manosphere has been associated with online harassment, radicalizing men into misogynist beliefs and the glorification of violence against women.<ref name="harassment violence radicalization">{{harvp|Farrell|Fernandez|Novotny|Alani|2019|p=87}}; {{harvp|Jones|Trott|Wright|2020|p=2}}; {{harvp|Van Valkenburgh|2021|pp=1–2}}; {{harvp|Ging|2019|p=640}}; {{harvp|Marwick|Lewis|2017|p=29}}</ref> Some sources have associated manosphere-based radicalization with mass shootings motivated by misogyny.{{r|mass shootings}} Robin Mamié of {{lang|fr|École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne|italic=no}} and colleagues associate radicalization into far-right ideologies via the manosphere with the idea of the alt-right pipeline.{{sfnp|Mamié|Horta Ribeiro|West|2021}}
== Websites and influencers == The manosphere comprises various websites, blogs, and online forums.{{sfnp|Hodapp|2017|p=xv}} Noted sites include /r/TheRedPill, ''Return of Kings'', and ''A Voice for Men'', as well as (the now-defunct) PUAHate and SlutHate.<ref name="sites">{{harvp|Hodapp|2017|p=xv}}; {{harvp|Zuckerberg|2018|pp=2, 16, 140}}; {{harvp|Nagle|2017|pp=88–100}}; {{harvp|Ging|2019|at=Note 3, p. 654}}</ref>
Reddit has been a popular gathering place for manosphere supporters, and several forums on the site are geared toward its ideas.<ref>{{harvp|Jones|Trott|Wright|2020|pp=2–3}}; {{harvp|Ging|2019|pp=645–646}}</ref> However, in the late 2010s and 2020s Reddit began to take steps to discourage more extreme manosphere subreddits. Some were banned, such as /r/incels (banned in 2017), its successor /r/braincels (banned in 2018), and /r/MGTOW (banned in August 2021{{sfnp|Thalen|2021}}); other subreddits such as /r/TheRedPill have been "quarantined", meaning that a warning is displayed to users about the content of the subreddit and users must sign in before they're allowed to enter.<ref>{{harvp|Jones|Trott|Wright|2020|p=2}}; {{harvp|Van Valkenburgh|2021|pp=17–18}}; {{harvp|Farrell|Fernandez|Novotny|Alani|2019|p=92}}; {{harvp|Basu|2020}}</ref> As a result, some of these communities have found new homes on websites that are more welcoming of extreme content, such as Gab.{{sfnp|Basu|2020}}
Prominent figures within the manosphere include various social media influencers such as Andrew Tate,<ref name="The Week 2025">{{cite web |author=The Week UK |title=Andrew Tate and the manosphere: a short guide |website=The Week |date=April 26, 2025 |url=https://theweek.com/politics/andrew-tate-and-the-manosphere-a-short-guide |access-date=August 25, 2025}}</ref><ref name="Willingham 2022">{{cite news |last1=Willingham |first1=A. J. |title=Misogynistic influencers are trending right now. Defusing their message is a complex task |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/09/08/us/andrew-tate-manosphere-misogyny-solutions-cec/index.html |access-date=September 9, 2025 |publisher=CNN |date=September 8, 2022}}</ref> Myron Gaines,{{r|The Week 2025}}<ref name="Hall 2025">{{cite web |last=Hall |first=Rachel |title=Beyond Andrew Tate: the imitators who help promote misogyny online |website=the Guardian |date=March 19, 2025 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2025/mar/19/beyond-andrew-tate-the-imitators-who-help-promote-misogyny-online |access-date=August 25, 2025}}</ref> Jordan Peterson,{{r|The Week 2025|Hall 2025}} Rollo Tomassi,<ref name="Bujalka 2026">{{cite journal | last1=Bujalka | first1=Eva | last2=Rich | first2=Tim | last3=Bender | first3=Stuart | title=The Manosphere as an Online Protection Racket: How the Red Pill Monetizes Male Need for Security in Modern Society | journal=Fast Capitalism | volume=19 | issue=1 | date=2022 | issn=1930-014X | doi=10.32855/1930-014X.1176 |doi-access=free |article-number=4 |format=PDF}}</ref> Adin Ross,{{r|The Week 2025|Hall 2025}}<ref name="Copland p122">{{cite book |last=Copland |first=Simon |editor1-last=Devries |editor1-first=Melody |editor2-last=Bessant |editor2-first=Judith |editor3-last=Watts |editor3-first=Rob |title=Rise of the Far Right: Technologies of Recruitment and Mobilization |date=2021 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |location=Lanham, Md. |isbn=978-1-78661-493-3 |page=122 |doi=10.5040/9798881810740.ch-6 |chapter=The Online Manosphere and Misogyny in the Far Right: The Case of the #thotaudit}}</ref>{{Verify source|date=September 2025}} and Hamza Ahmed.{{r|Hall 2025}}
==Public perception== The manosphere has received significant coverage in the media from its association with high-profile violent attacks including the 2014 Isla Vista killings in California, the 2015 Umpqua Community College shooting in Oregon, and the 2018 Toronto van attack, as well as the online harassment campaign against women in the video game industry that came to be known as GamerGate.<ref>{{harvp|Ging|2019|p=640}}; {{harvp|Jones|Trott|Wright|2020|pp=1–2}}; {{harvp|Zuckerberg|2018|p=21}}</ref> Following the Isla Vista shooting, the killer Elliot Rodger was found to have been an active participant on the PUAHate forum.<ref>{{harvp|Zuckerberg|2018|pp=139–140}}; {{harvp|Nagle|2017|pp=99–100}}</ref>
Arthur Goldwag described the manosphere in the Spring 2012 edition of the Southern Poverty Law Center's ''Intelligence Report'' as an "underworld of misogynists, woman-haters whose fury goes well beyond criticism of the family court system, domestic violence laws, and false rape accusations... [who are] devoted to attacking virtually all women (or, at least, Westernized ones)."{{sfnp|Goldwag|2012a}} In 2018, the SPLC added male supremacy as a category they track on their list of hate groups.{{sfnp|Janik|2018}}
The British anti-extremism group Hope not Hate included the manosphere in its 2019 ''State of Hate'' report.{{sfnp|Lewis|2019}}
Following the British television show ''Adolescence,'' the Women and Equalities Committee launched an inquiry into ''Misogyny: the Manosphere and online content'', examining the manosphere's impact and what can be done to address it.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Women and Equalities Committee to hear from Adolescence producers on misogyny among young men and boys |department=Committees |publisher=UK Parliament |date=April 25, 2025 |url=https://committees.parliament.uk/work/9089/misogyny-the-manosphere-and-online-content/news/206526/women-and-equalities-committee-to-hear-from-adolescence-producers-on-misogyny-among-young-men-and-boys/ |access-date=November 26, 2025 |language=en}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=November 2025}} The 2025 BBC documentary ''Men of the Manosphere'' follows James Blake as he enters the virtual world of the manosphere.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Men of the Manosphere review – a truly terrifying hour|url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2025/nov/17/men-of-the-manosphere-review-a-truly-terrifying-hour|work=The Guardian|date=2025-11-17|access-date=2025-11-29|issn=0261-3077|language=en-GB|first=Lucy|last=Mangan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/2025/men-of-the-manosphere |title=James Blake returns with new documentary Men of the Manosphere |language=en-GB |access-date=November 26, 2025 |publisher=BBC Media Centre |date=November 5, 2025}}</ref>
== See also == {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * {{annotated link|Adolescence (TV series)|''Adolescence'' (TV series)}} * {{annotated link|Bro culture}} * {{annotated link|Femosphere}} * {{annotated link|Femicide}} * {{annotated link|Hegemonic masculinity}} * {{annotated link|Hannah Pearl Davis}} * {{annotated link|Identity politics}} * {{annotated link|Jesse Lee Peterson}} * {{annotated link|Kevin Samuels}} * {{annotated link|Lad culture}} * {{annotated link|Louis Theroux: Inside the Manosphere|''Louis Theroux: Inside the Manosphere''}} * {{annotated link|Masculism}} * {{annotated link|Nick Adams (commentator)|Nick Adams}} * {{annotated link|Patriarchy}} * {{annotated link|Petro-masculinity}} * {{annotated link|The Red Pill|''The Red Pill''}} * {{annotated link|Simping}} * {{annotated link|Toxic masculinity}} {{div col end}}
== Notes == {{reflist|20em}}
== References == {{refbegin|colwidth=30em}} * {{cite web |last=Basu |first=Tanya |title=The 'manosphere' is getting more toxic as angry men join the incels |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/02/07/349052/the-manosphere-is-getting-more-toxic-as-angry-men-join-the-incels/ |website=MIT Technology Review |date=February 7, 2020 |url-access=limited}} * {{cite news |last=Dewey |first=Caitlin |author-link=Caitlin Dewey Rainwater |date=May 27, 2014 |title=Inside the 'manosphere' that inspired Santa Barbara shooter Elliot Rodger |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2014/05/27/inside-the-manosphere-that-inspired-santa-barbara-shooter-elliot-rodger/ |url-access=limited |access-date=February 9, 2020}} * {{cite book |last1=Farrell |first1=Tracie |last2=Fernandez |first2=Miriam |last3=Novotny |first3=Jakub |last4=Alani |first4=Harith |date=2019 |chapter=Exploring Misogyny across the Manosphere in Reddit |title=WebSci '19: Proceedings of the 10th ACM Conference on Web Science |location=New York |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery |pages=87–96 |doi=10.1145/3292522.3326045 |isbn=978-1-4503-6202-3 |s2cid=195776677 |chapter-url=http://oro.open.ac.uk/61128/1/WebScience139.pdf}} * {{cite book |last1=Farrell |first1=Tracie |last2=Araque |first2=Oscar |last3=Fernandez |first3=Miriam |last4=Alani |first4=Harith |title=WebSci '20: Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Web Science |date=2020 |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery |location=New York |isbn=978-1-4503-7989-2 |pages=221–230 |chapter=On the use of Jargon and Word Embeddings to Explore Subculture within the Reddit's Manosphere |chapter-url=http://oro.open.ac.uk/70529/1/WebSci2020%20%281%29.pdf |doi=10.1145/3394231.3397912 |s2cid=219980233}} * {{Cite news |last=Fernando |first=Christine |date=November 30, 2024 |title=Emboldened 'manosphere' accelerates threats and demeaning language toward women after US election |publisher=Associated Press |url=https://apnews.com/article/trump-harris-election-womens-rights-social-media-d5cea53480437ac8bf837aaa821e5681 |access-date=January 20, 2025 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250516052023/https://apnews.com/article/trump-harris-election-womens-rights-social-media-d5cea53480437ac8bf837aaa821e5681 |archive-date=May 16, 2025}} * {{Cite book |last=Friedland |first=Roger |title=Politics of Meaning/Meaning of Politics: Cultural Sociology of the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2018 |isbn=978-3-319-95944-3 |editor1-last=Mast |editor1-first=Jason L. |editor2-last=Alexander |editor2-first=Jeffrey C. |location=Basingstoke, UK |chapter=Donald's Dick: A Man Against the Institutions |doi=10.1111/soin.12328 |pages=115–133 |s2cid=210440082}} * {{Cite journal |last=Ging |first=Debbie |year=2019 |title=Alphas, Betas, and Incels: Theorizing the Masculinities of the Manosphere |journal=Men and Masculinities |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=638–657 |doi=10.1177/1097184x17706401 |s2cid=149239953 |issn=1097-184X}} * {{Cite journal |last=Goldwag |first=Arthur |date=March 1, 2012a |title=Leader's Suicide Brings Attention to Men's Rights Movement |url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2012/leader%E2%80%99s-suicide-brings-attention-men%E2%80%99s-rights-movement |journal=Intelligence Report |publisher=Southern Poverty Law Center |issue=Spring 2012}} * {{cite book |last=Hodapp |first=Christa |title=Men's Rights, Gender, and Social Media |publisher=Lexington Books |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-49-852617-3 |location=Lanham, Md.}} * {{Cite journal |last=Jane |first=Emma A. |author-link=Emma Jane |date=2018 |title=Systemic misogyny exposed: Translating Rapeglish from the Manosphere with a Random Rape Threat Generator |journal=International Journal of Cultural Studies |volume=21 |issue=6 |pages=661–680 |doi=10.1177/1367877917734042 |s2cid=149078033 |issn=1367-8779 |hdl=1959.4/unsworks_57132 |hdl-access=free}} * {{Cite web |last=Janik |first=Rachel |date=April 24, 2018 |title='I laugh at the death of normies': How incels are celebrating the Toronto mass killing |url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2018/04/24/i-laugh-death-normies-how-incels-are-celebrating-toronto-mass-killing |access-date=June 13, 2020 |website=Hatewatch |publisher=Southern Poverty Law Center}} * {{Cite journal |last1=Jones |first1=Callum |last2=Trott |first2=Verity |last3=Wright |first3=Scott |date=2020 |title=Sluts and soyboys: MGTOW and the production of misogynistic online harassment |journal=New Media & Society |volume=22 |issue=10 |pages=1903–1921 |doi=10.1177/1461444819887141 |s2cid=210530415 |issn=1461-4448}} * {{cite book |last1=Kennedy-Kollar |first1=Deniese |title=Extremism and Radicalization in the Manosphere: Beta Uprising |series=Routledge Studies in Crime and Society |date=2024 |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |isbn=978-1-040-03920-5 |pages=14–29 |doi=10.4324/9781032631080-2 <!-- |edition=1st--> |chapter=The Ideology of the Manosphere}} * {{Cite web |last=Lewis |first=Helen |author-link=Helen Lewis (journalist) |date=August 7, 2019 |title=To Learn About the Far Right, Start With the 'Manosphere' |website=The Atlantic |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2019/08/anti-feminism-gateway-far-right/595642/ |url-access=limited |access-date=February 9, 2020}} * {{cite book |last=Lumsden |first=Karen |title=Online Othering: Exploring Digital Violence and Discrimination on the Web |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2019 |isbn=978-3-03-012632-2 |editor1-last=Lumsden |editor1-first=Karen |location=Cham |editor2-last=Harmer |editor2-first=Emily |chapter={{-'}}{{-"}}I Want to Kill You in Front of Your Children" Is Not a Threat. It's an Expression of a Desire': Discourses of Online Abuse, Trolling, and Violence on r/MensRights |chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332601717 |pages=91–115 |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-12633-9_4 |s2cid=182589139 |via=ResearchGate}} * {{cite book |last1=Mamié |first1=Robin |last2=Horta Ribeiro |first2=Manoel |last3=West |first3=Robert |title=WebSci '21: Proceedings of the 13th ACM Web Science Conference 2021 |date=2021 |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery |location=New York |isbn=978-1-4503-8330-1 |pages=139–147 |doi=10.1145/3447535.3462504 |chapter=Are Anti-Feminist Communities Gateways to the Far Right? Evidence from Reddit and YouTube |arxiv=2102.12837 |s2cid=232045966}} * {{cite news |last=Marche |first=Stephen |date=April 14, 2016 |title=Swallowing the Red Pill: a journey to the heart of modern misogyny |newspaper=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/apr/14/the-red-pillreddit-modern-misogyny-manosphere-men?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other |access-date=June 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414064914/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/apr/14/the-red-pill-reddit-modern-misogyny-manosphere-men?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other |archive-date=April 14, 2016}} * {{cite journal |last1=Marwick |first1=Alice E. |last2=Caplan |first2=Robyn |date=2018 |title=Drinking male tears: language, the manosphere, and networked harassment |journal=Feminist Media Studies |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=543–559 |doi=10.1080/14680777.2018.1450568 |issn=1468-0777 |s2cid=149246142}} * {{Cite report |last1=Marwick |first1=Alice |last2=Lewis |first2=Rebecca |date=May 15, 2017 |title=Media Manipulation and Disinformation Online |publisher=Data & Society Research Institute |url=https://datasociety.net/library/media-manipulation-and-disinfo-online/ |location=New York |access-date=June 13, 2020}} * {{cite book |last=Nagle |first=Angela |author-link=Angela Nagle |title=Kill All Normies: Online Culture Wars From 4Chan And Tumblr To Trump And The Alt-Right |publisher=Zero Books |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-78535-543-1 |location=Alresford, UK}} * {{Cite book |last1=Nicholas |first1=Lucy |last2=Agius |first2=Christine |title=The Persistence of Global Masculinism: Discourse, Gender and Neo-Colonial Re-Articulations of Violence |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2018 |isbn=978-3-319-68360-7 |location=Cham}} * {{Cite conference |last1=Horta Ribeiro |first1=Manoel |last2=Blackburn |last3=Bradlyn |first3=Barry |first2=Jeremy |last4=De Cristofaro |first4=Emiliano |last5=Stringhini |first5=Gianluca |last6=Long |first6=Summer |last7=Greenberg |first7=Stephanie |last8=Zannettou |first8=Savvas |display-authors=3 |title=The Evolution of the Manosphere Across the Web |book-title=Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media |date=2021 |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=196–207 |isbn=978-1-57735-869-5 |url=https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/ICWSM/article/view/18053/17856 |doi=10.1609/icwsm.v15i1.18053 |doi-access=free |issn=2334-0770 |publisher=Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence |location=Palo Alto, Calif. |arxiv=2001.07600v5}} * {{cite book |last1=Sugiura |first1=Lisa |title=The Incel Rebellion: The Rise of the Manosphere and the Virtual War Against Women |date=2021 |publisher=Emerald Publishing Limited |location=Bingley, UK |isbn=978-1-83982-254-4 |pages=15–36 |doi=10.1108/978-1-83982-254-420211004 |doi-access=free |chapter=The Emergence and Development of the Manosphere}} {{cc-notice|cc=by4|from this source=yes}} * {{Cite web |last=Thalen |first=Mikael |date=August 3, 2021 |title=Reddit bans notorious anti-feminist subreddit 'Men Going Their Own Way' |url=https://www.dailydot.com/debug/mgtow-subreddit-banned/ |access-date=December 7, 2021 |website=The Daily Dot}} * {{Cite web |last=Tye |first=Charlie |date=August 16, 2021 |title=Inside the warped world of incel extremists |url=http://theconversation.com/inside-the-warped-world-of-incel-extremists-166142 |access-date=November 11, 2021 |website=The Conversation |language=en}} * {{Cite journal |last=Van Valkenburgh |first=Shawn P. |date=2021 |title=Digesting the Red Pill: Masculinity and Neoliberalism in the Manosphere |journal=Men and Masculinities |volume=24 |pages=84–103 |doi=10.1177/1097184X18816118 |issn=1097-184X}} * {{cite book |last=Winter |first=Aaron |title=Online Othering: Exploring Digital Violence and Discrimination on the Web |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2019 |isbn=978-3-03-012632-2 |editor1-last=Lumsden |editor1-first=Karen |location=Cham |editor2-last=Harmer |editor2-first=Emily |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-12633-9_2 |chapter=Online Hate: From the Far-Right to the 'Alt-Right' and from the Margins to the Mainstream |pages=39–64}} * {{Cite book |last=Zuckerberg |first=Donna |author-link=Donna Zuckerberg |title=Not All Dead White Men: Classics and Misogyny in the Digital Age |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=2018 |isbn=978-0-674-97555-2 |location=Cambridge, Mass. |oclc=1020311558}} {{refend}}
== Further reading == {{Sister project links|d=Yes|q=No|s=No|b=No|v=No}} {{refbegin}} * {{cite news |last1=Baker |first1=Peter C. |title=Hunting the Manosphere |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/13/magazine/hunting-the-manosphere.html |work=The New York Times Magazine |date=June 13, 2017 |issn=0028-7822 |url-access=limited}} * {{cite news |last1=Baumgärtner |first1=Maik |last2=Höfner |first2=Roman |last3=Müller |first3=Ann-Katrin |last4=Rosenbach |first4=Marcel |date=March 10, 2021 |title=Hatred Against Women: The Dark World of Extremist Misogyny |url=https://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/from-digital-hate-to-analog-violence-the-dark-world-of-extremist-misogyny-a-832ed3cb-21d1-4e84-8c28-089365e91a83 |work=Der Spiegel}} * {{cite magazine |last1=Ellis |first1=Emma Grey |title=Reddit's 'Manosphere' and the Challenge of Quantifying Hate |url=https://www.wired.com/story/misogyny-reddit-research/ |magazine=Wired |date=July 10, 2019 |url-access=limited}} * {{cite web |last1=Fountain |first1=Aaron Jr. |title=It's not just white incels. We need to talk about the Black Manosphere, too. |url=http://blackyouthproject.com/its-not-just-white-incels-we-need-to-talk-about-the-black-manosphere-too/ |website=The Black Youth Project |publisher=University of Chicago; Center for the Study of Race, Politics and Culture |date=December 28, 2018}} * {{cite web |last=Goldwag |first=Arthur |date=May 15, 2012b |title=Intelligence Report Article Provokes Fury Among Men's Rights Activists |publisher=Southern Poverty Law Center |url=https://www.splcenter.org/resources/hatewatch/intelligence-report-article-provokes-fury-among-mens-rights-activists/}} * {{cite news |author1=H.C. |title=What is the manosphere? |url=https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2016/07/05/what-is-the-manosphere |newspaper=The Economist |date=July 25, 2016 |url-access=limited}} * {{cite web |last=McCullough |first=Steve |date=September 12, 2023 |title=Online misogyny: the 'manosphere' |url=https://humanrights.ca/story/online-misogyny-manosphere |website= |location= |publisher=Canadian Museum for Human Rights}} * {{cite web |last1=Rich |first1=Ben |last2=Bujalka |first2=Eva |title=The draw of the 'manosphere': understanding Andrew Tate's appeal to lost men |url=https://theconversation.com/the-draw-of-the-manosphere-understanding-andrew-tates-appeal-to-lost-men-199179 |work=The Conversation |date=February 12, 2023}} {{refend}}
{{Masculism}} {{Manosphere}} {{Alt-right footer}}
Category:Manosphere Category:2000s neologisms Category:Blogospheres Category:Cyberbullying Category:Gender-related violence Category:Internet culture Category:Internet-related controversies Category:Masculinity Category:Men and feminism Category:Men's rights Category:Misogyny Category:Antifeminism Category:Social issues Category:Social psychology