{{Short description|Ceremonial gathering hall in Shia Islam}} {{other uses|Husayniyya (disambiguation)|Takyeh}} {{redirect|Imambara}} {{more citations needed|date=October 2015}} {|class="wikitable" align="right" |- ! colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" | '''Husayniyya''' |- | colspan="2" align="center" | 250px <br/>A husayniyya in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania |- | colspan="1" align="left" | '''Arabic''' | colspan="1" align="right" | {{lang|ar|حسينية}} (''ḥusayniyya'') <br/> {{lang|ar|مأتم}} (''maʾtam'') |- | colspan="1" align="left" | '''Azerbaijani''' | colspan="1" align="right" | {{lang|az|hüseyniyyə}} |- | colspan="1" align="left" | '''Hindi''' | colspan="1" align="right" | {{lang|hi|इमामबाड़ा}} (''imāmbāṛā'') <br/> {{lang|hi|आशुरख़ाना}} (''āshur<u>kh</u>ānā'') |- | colspan="1" align="left" | '''Bengali''' | colspan="1" align="right" | {{lang|bn|ইমামবাড়া}} (''imāmbāṛā'') |- | colspan="1" align="left" | '''Iranian Persian''' | colspan="1" align="right" | {{lang|fa|حسینیه}} (''ḥoseyniyeh'') <br/> {{Lang|fa|تکیه}} (''takyeh'') <br/> {{Lang|fa|تکیهخانه}} (''takyeh-khâneh'') |- | colspan="1" align="left" | '''Urdu''' | colspan="1" align="right" | {{lang|ur|{{Nastaliq|امام باڑہ}}}} (''imāmbāṛā'') <br/> {{lang|ur|{{Nastaliq|امام بارگاہ}}}} (''imāmbārgāh'') <br/> {{lang|ur|{{Nastaliq|عاشور خانہ}}}} (''āshur<u>kh</u>ānā'') <br/> {{lang|ur|{{Nastaliq|حسينيہ}}}} (''ḥusainiya'') |} {{Shia Islam|collapsed=1}} {{Husayn}} A '''husayniyya''' ({{Langx|ar|حسينية|ḥusayniyya}}) is a building designed specifically for gatherings of Shia Muslims for spiritual practice, religious education and commemoration ceremonies, especially the Mourning of Muharram.<ref name="Campo2009">{{cite book|author=Juan Eduardo Campo|title=Encyclopedia of Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA318|date=1 January 2009|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-1-4381-2696-8|pages=318–}}</ref> The husayniyya is a multipurpose hall for the commemoration rituals of Shia and gets its name from Husayn ibn Ali, the grandson of Muhammad.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Marafi |first1=Najebah |title=The Intertwined Conflict: The Difference Between Culture and Religion |date=29 September 2012 |publisher=Xlibris Corporation |isbn=978-1477128367 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CR9U03LC3dEC&q=what+is+mean+Hussainiya&pg=PA123}}</ref> They are referred to as Takya among Sunni Muslims and have common origin.<ref>{{Cite book |last=الكرباسي |first=محمد صادق محمد |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X46ODwAAQBAJ&pg=PT220 |title=معجم المشاريع الحسينيّة - الجزء الثالث: دائرة المعارف الحسينية |date=2019-01-31 |publisher=Hussaini Centre for Research, London. |isbn=978-1-78403-031-5 |language=ar}}</ref> [[File:Chhota imambara Lucknow.jpg|thumb|Chota Imambara in Lucknow, India]]
==Terminology== A husayniyya is different from a mosque. The name comes from Husayn ibn Ali, the third of the Twelve Imams and the grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Husayn was martyred at the Battle of Karbala on 10 October 680 CE on the orders of Yazid ibn Muawiya. The Shia commemorate his martyrdom every year on Ashura, the 10th day of Muharram.<ref>{{Iranica|ḤOSAYNIYA}}</ref> There are also other ceremonies which are held during the year in husayniyyas, including religious commemorations unrelated to Ashura.<ref>[https://www.mashreghnews.ir/news/174729/%DA%86%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%87-%D9%88-%D8%AA%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%87-%D8%AC%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF-%D8%B4%D8%AF Hussainiahs and Takkiahs] mashreghnews.ir</ref> and may not necessarily hold jumu'ah (Friday congregational prayer).
In South Asia, a husayniyya can also be referred to as an ''imambara'', ''imambargah'', or ''ashurkhana''. It is also often called a ''takyeh'' in Iran and ''takyakhana'' in Afghanistan (see takya). In Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates, as well as in other Gulf States it is called a ''ma'tam'' ({{langx|ar|مأتم}}).
==History== From the time of the Safavid dynasty was ruling Iran, when Shia tended to hold the religious and mourning ceremonies, not only the passageways or the roofed places were used for the religious communities, even to make the hoseyniyehs and also takyehs became commonplace.<ref>{{cite book|last1= Zoka |first1=Yahya|title=History of Royal Citadel in Tehran and guide to Golestan Palace, (تاریخچه ساختمانهای ارگ سلطنتی تهران و راهنمای کاخ گلستان), vol 1|pages=283}}</ref> Any hoseyniyeh had some booths (or rooms) and arcades, both in large and small sizes. Also in many alleys and streets, on the days near Ashoura, the religious people blackened the walls and the roofs and illuminated them, by the colorful lights... From the age of Zand dynasty, many bigger and vaster takyeh(s) was made just to hold ta'ziyeh, where there was a stage by the height of one meter from the floor, to show the different senses of ta'ziyeh.<ref>The Iranian social history, (تاریخ اجتماعی ایران) written in Persian, V 5, P 340</ref> Expense of the husayniyya is provided by Charitable donations and endowments.<ref>{{cite book|last1= Ansari Qomi|title=Iran's endowments in Iraq, ( موقوفات ايرانيان در عراق), vol 2|pages=74–82}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ebrahimnegad Shirvani, Pourabbas |first1=Mahbubeh-sadat, Ata |title=The Role of Ashura rituals and post-Ashura days in spiritual health through promoting religious-oriented normal behavior: A practical model |journal=Journal of Pizhūhish Dar Dīn Va Salāmat |date=12 April 2017 |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=115–122 |url=http://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/en-jrrh/article/view/16794}}</ref>
[[File:Bara Imambara Lucknow.jpg|thumb|center|300px|The Asifi Imambara in Lucknow, the capital city of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.]]
==Usage== The husayniyya was used during Muharram, Safar, and Ramadan for mourning, Rawda Khwani, Sineh Zani (a Customary form of mourning ceremony which shows their grief with chest-beating).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tekyeh & Hussainiya |url=https://www.persiaadvisor.travel/about-persia/tekyeh-hussainiya/ |website=persiaadvisor}}</ref> Also, Hussainiya is a place for accommodations of passengers<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kaempfer |first1=Engelbert |title=Exotic Attractions in Persia, 1684-1688: Travels & Observations |year=2018 |publisher=Mage Publishers; 1st Hardcover edition (April 3, 2018) |isbn=978-1933823911 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iZiKtQEACAAJ&q=Exotic+Attractions+in+Persia,+1684-1688:+Travels+%26+Observations}}</ref> and pilgrims and feeding the poor.<ref name="Campo2009"/>
Since husayniyya serves as a focal point for Shi’i gathering, it also plays a very significant role in consolidation of religious identity specially for Shi’i population in diaspora.<ref>[https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520204041/making-muslim-space-in-north-america-and-europe Vernon James Schubel (1996). “Karbala as Sacred Space among North American Shi'a” in Making Muslim Space in North America and Europe, edited by Barbara Metcalf, 186-203. Berkeley: University of California Press.]</ref>
== Notable husayniyyas == {{main|Imambaras of Lucknow}} [[File:Zanjan azam hussainia-history.jpg|thumb|right|A historic image from Zanjan azam Hussainiya in Iran]] thumb|right|A husayniyya in Iran [[File:Azakhana Wazeer Un Nisa Danishmandan Amroha.jpg|thumb|Imambara Wazeer Un Nisa in Amroha, India]] *Hosseinieh Azam Zanjan Mosque, in Zanjan, Iran *Azakhana Syed Dost Ali, Mohallah Katkoi, Amroha, built in 1766/1767 *Hussaini Dalan, in Dhaka, Bangladesh *Prithimpasha Nawab Bari Imambara, in Kulaura, Bangladesh *Bara Imambara, in Lucknow, India *Chhota Imambara, in Lucknow, India *Hooghly Imambara, in Hooghly (W.B.), India *Nizamat Imambara, in Murshidabad, India *Badshahi Ashurkhana, in Hyderabad, India *Dar uz Zehra, Alipur, Karnataka, India. *Hosseiniyeh Ershad, in Tehran, Iran *Hussaini Imambara Asim Raza Abdi, in 100/46, Colonel Ganj Kanpur, *Imambara Ghufran Ma'ab, in Lucknow, India * Imambargah Mir Vilayat Husain, in Karari Allahabad, India *Azakhana Wazeer-un-Nisa, located in Amroha, India. The Azakhana was built in 1802 (1226 Hijri) with one Mosque. *Imambargah Haveli Sa'daat, one of the oldest Imambargahs in Gujranwala, Pakistan. It was built by the Naqvi Sadat family, who migrated from Fatehgarh Churian, Punjab, India. *Imambargah Bait Aal e Imran, in Kotla Arab Ali Khan, Gujrat, Pakistan. The site was donated by Choudhary Ghulam Hassan, a sunni by birth, and his wife in 1979. *Imam Bargah mosque, Afghanistan, targeted in the 2021 Kandahar bombing
== See also == * Ashura * Mourning of Muharram * Ta'ziyeh * Chup Tazia * Muharram Rebellion * Battle of Karbala * Husayn ibn Ali * Tasu'a * Imambaras of Lucknow * Rowzeh-khani
== References == {{Reflist}}
{{commons category|Husayniyyas}} {{Islamic architecture}}
Category:Husayniyyas Category:Islamic architectural elements Category:Islamic architecture Category:Cultural depictions of Husayn ibn Ali Category:Islamic terminology Category:Battle of Karbala