{{Short description|Japanese fashion subculture}} {{Italic title|reason=:Category:Japanese words and phrases}} {{Multiple issues|{{External links|date=July 2024}} {{Cleanup|reason=The article is full of inconsistency and is demanded for a clean-up in talk|date=January 2025}}}} {{Use mdy dates|date=September 2019}} [[File:Gyaru - Shibuya - historical - 2007-7-1.jpg|thumb|200px|right|A {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} or {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|ganguro}} wandering Shibuya in 2007]] '''{{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Gyaru}}''' ({{langx|ja|ギャル}}, {{IPA|ja|ɡʲaꜜɾɯ|pron}}) is a Japanese fashion subculture for all ages, often associated with gaudy fashion styles, an extreme makeup style and dyed hair.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jisho.org: Japanese Dictionary|url=https://jisho.org/word/%E3%82%AE%E3%83%A3%E3%83%AB|access-date=2024-12-21|website=jisho.org}}</ref> The term {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} is a Japanese transliteration of the English slang word {{lang|en|gal|italic=yes}}.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Evers|first1=Izumi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UXPP0rNm-I4C|title=Japanese Schoolgirl Inferno: Tokyo Teen Fashion Subculture Handbook|last2=Macias|first2=Patrick|date=2010-07-01|publisher=Chronicle Books|isbn=978-0-8118-7885-2|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Miller|first1=Laura|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eX2Dx9DbVcYC|title=Bad Girls of Japan|last2=Bardsley|first2=Jan|date=2005-12-10|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-1-4039-6946-0|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Apter|first=Emily|title=The Translation Zone:A New Comparative Literature|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-6910-4997-7|pages=272|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ギャル について|url=http://www.kotoba.ne.jp/word/%E3%82%AE%E3%83%A3%E3%83%AB |access-date=2022-09-25|website=www.kotoba.ne.jp}}</ref> In Japan, it is used to refer to young women who are cheerful, sociable, and adopt trendy fashions,<ref>{{Cite web|title=ギャル（gal）とは？ 意味・読み方・使い方をわかりやすく解説 - goo国語辞書|url=https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%82%AE%E3%83%A3%E3%83%AB/#jn-54575|access-date=2024-12-21|website=goo辞書|language=ja}}</ref> serving as a stereotype of culture as well as fashion.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ギャルとは、見た目じゃなくマインドのこと。――みちょぱ、"本当のギャル"を語る|trans-title=Gyaru is not about looks, but about mentality: Michopa talks about the “real gyaru"|url=https://news.livedoor.com/article/detail/14293581/|access-date=2024-12-21|website=ライブドアニュース|language=ja}}</ref> The fashion subculture was considered to be nonconformist and rebelling against Japanese social and aesthetic standards<ref>{{cite web|last=Hillstock|first=Cara|date=2012-09-11|title=Foreign fashions protest societal expectations|url=https://www.kstatecollegian.com/2012/09/11/foreign-fashions-protest-societal-expectations/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017052003/http://www.kstatecollegian.com/2012/09/11/foreign-fashions-protest-societal-expectations/|archive-date=October 17, 2012|access-date=2021-10-10|website=The Collegian|language=en-US}}</ref> during a time when women were expected to be housewives and to fit the East Asian, or specifically Japanese beauty standards of pale skin and dark hair. Early in its rise, the {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} subculture was considered racy, and associated with juvenile delinquency and frivolousness among teenage girls.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Miller|first1=Laura|date=December 2004|title=Those Naughty Teenage Girls: Japanese Kogals, Slang, and Media Assessments|journal=Journal of Linguistic Anthropology|volume=14|issue=2|pages=225–247|doi=10.1525/jlin.2004.14.2.225|id={{ProQuest|195127170}}}}</ref> The term is also associated with 1990s and early 2000s dance and clubbing culture in Japan.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-10-17|title=Gyaru Culture: Yone-san and the Cult of Egg Magazine|url=https://sabukaru.online/articles/gyaru-revolution-yone-san-and-the-influence-of-egg-magazine|access-date=2026-02-28|website=sabukaru|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=» The History of the Gyaru – Part One:: Néojaponisme » Blog Archive|url=https://neojaponisme.com/2012/02/28/the-history-of-the-gyaru-part-one/|access-date=2026-02-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Kinsella|first=Sharon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9uEJAgAAQBAJ|title=Schoolgirls, Money and Rebellion in Japan|date=2013-11-07|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-48841-4|language=en}}</ref>
A popular {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} subculture specific to the Heisei era (1989–2019) is "kogal ({{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|kogyaru}}) culture" or "kogal fashion,”{{Nihongo|2=子ギャル文化 or コギャル文化|3=}}<ref>{{Cite web|last=編集部あやころ|date=2019-03-31|title=平成ファッション振り返り【平成元年〜11年】ギャルがブームを席巻♡＜PR＞|trans-title=Heisei Fashion Look Back [1989 - 1999] Gyaru Sweeps the Boom|url=https://lamire.jp/132173|access-date=2024-12-21|website=lamire [ラミレ]|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=90年代のリアルファッション。「コギャル」スタイルをプレイバック！|trans-title=“Real Fashion of the 90s. A Playback of 'Kogyaru' Style!”|url=https://scawaiiweb.com/articles/detail/41248|access-date=2024-12-21|website=S Cawaii!(エスカワイイ)|language=ja|archive-date=December 26, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241226163908/https://scawaiiweb.com/articles/detail/41248|url-status=dead}}</ref> and has been commercialized by Japanese companies such as Sanrio,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-09-07|title=平成レトロな"コギャル&ギャル男"にサンリオキャラクターが変身！ 「ときめき平成コギャルデザインシリーズ」 9月14日よりサンリオにて発売|trans-title=“Sanrio Characters Transform into Retro Heisei “Kogyaru” and “Gyaru Otoko” Characters! Tokimeki Heisei Kogyaru Design Series” to go on sale at Sanrio on September 14.|url=https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000427.000037629.html|access-date=2024-12-21|website=プレスリリース・ニュースリリース配信シェアNo.1｜PR TIMES|language=ja-JP}}</ref> and even introduced and supported as a Japanese brand by the Japanese government's Ministry of Foreign Affairs, along with “Lolita fashion.”<ref>{{Cite web|title=日本ブランド発信事業 南米・チリ・ペルーにて日本のファッションブランド『BANSAN』発信|trans-title=Japanese Brand Dissemination Project: Japanese Fashion Brand “BANSAN” in South America, Chile, and Peru|url=https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/files/000194136.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514004255/https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/files/000194136.pdf|archive-date=2024-05-14|access-date=2024-12-21|website=www.mofa.go.jp}}</ref> Its popularity peaked in the 1990s and early 2000s during the Heisei era in Japan but is currently having a revival in the last couple of years in Japan during the Reiwa era.
An equivalent term also exists for men, {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaruo}} {{Nihongo|2=ギャル男}}.
==History== ==={{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Gyaru}} before {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} culture=== ====1970s==== The word {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} is a Japanese loanword based on the English slang word "gal". Although it has not been fully confirmed, some people say that the term gal also became popular when Wrangler released women's jeans called "Gals" in 1972.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-04-13 |title=WRANGLER（ラングラー） {{!}} 国内最大3S総合ウェブマガジン「TAIVAS MAGAZINE」 |url=https://giver.jp/brand/wrangler |access-date=2026-03-25 |website=3S総合ウェブマガジン「TAIVAS magazine」 |language=ja}}</ref> When the word first began to be used in Japan in the 1970s, it referred to energetic, youthful women.
In 1978, a Japanese fashion information magazine for girls called "''GAL'S LIFE''"<ref>{{cite web|last1=@retoro_mode|title=GAL'S LIFE|url=https://twitter.com/retoro_mode/status/778862667188559872|website=Twitter|publisher=レトロ系|access-date=8 December 2024}}</ref> was first published. This magazine introduced the culture of women in the West Coast of the United States, and included punk rock music, along with other genres like new wave and indie. However, the magazine had nothing to do with Japan's {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} culture. Later, this magazine gained controversy due to its extreme expression of sexuality. (see Harmful books Progress in the regulation of harmful books).
In 1979, Kenji Sawada's song "OH! Gal<nowiki>''</nowiki> became a hit.
====1980s==== At the height of the bubble economy of Japan in the late 1980s, inspired by European fashion trends seen earlier in the decade, women began wearing tight bodycon dresses and suits that emphasized their body lines. This style was mostly worn by female college students and office ladies, and the word "gal" was used to refer to women of the younger generation. The phrases "{{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|pichi pichi gyaru}}" (lively attractive gal) and "{{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|ike ike gyaru}}" (cool gal) also appeared in the early 1980s.
Around this time, Shibuya saw the construction of several fashion and department stores, leading to the city becoming more youth-friendly.
On the other hand, in Harajuku, there was a huge boom in street dance culture called Takenokozoku in the early 1980s. Even in the late 1980s when Takenokozoku was on the decline, facets of youth culture such as live street performances remained popular in Harajuku.
==={{transliteration|ja|Heisei/Reiwa}} Gal===
====Kogal and {{transliteration|ja|amuraa}}====
From 1992 to 1993, just after the Japanese bubble burst, high school girls with short skirts, loose socks, and wearing uniforms appeared, which began to attract attention from the mass media.
During the same time period, Namie Amuro of Super Monkey's, had influenced many young girls with her style. Those who imitated the way she dressed called the style "Amuraa". Along with amuraa, other styles, such as 1970s style surfer fashion and LA fashion had become popular among teenage girls. One particularly significant change in fashion was the rise of brown dyed hair, which is theorized to have become popular because of the rise of Amuro.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Masangkay|first=May|date=2018-09-12|title=When 'Amuraa' ruled Japan|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2018/09/12/music/amuraa-ruled-japan/|access-date=2024-02-11|website=The Japan Times|language=en}}</ref>
By 1993, the office lady/female college student boom that had been going on since the 1980s had completely ended due to the collapse of the bubble economy, and the "high school girl boom" was in full swing. From around 1995, this symbolized that even the entertainment of young people was changing to a culture centered around younger high school and junior high school girls.
There are various theories about the origin of the word Kogal, but the most popular theory is that the term was originally used as a slang term to distinguish high school girls who were not allowed to enter night clubs from adult women. There is also a theory that the word "{{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|kogyaru}}" was derived as an abbreviation of "High school girl" in Japanese.
Another derivative word that was created through the initiative of the mass media was "{{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|magogyaru}}", which refers to a junior high school girl.
During this period, Kogal was popular to the degree there was also a "{{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|kogyaru}} boom" in the media, including shows and weekly magazines, featuring specials about kogals on a regular basis. However, in the shadow of this, various issues such as the lack of a concept of chastity and moral values among young people were also brought up at the same time. In particular, with regard to "Enjo kōsai<nowiki>''</nowiki> (compensated dating), there were concerns that laws prohibiting child prostitution and child pornography had not yet been established, and this was strongly viewed as a problem. It has also been noted that for many gals, it was only through these sources of funds that they could dress up in the extremely expensive fashions of the {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} culture.
While Kogal was popular in the 1990s, it was rarely seen in the mass media anymore in the 2000s. However, in foreign countries such as the United States, Kogal is also often used as a general term to describe Japanese high school girls. In some places, Kogal is also used as a form of fetish category.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2006-04-06|title=Japan: Sex, Teenage Girls and Consumerism|url=http://www.edstrong.blog-city.com/japan_sex_teenage_girls_and_consumerism.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613051811/http://www.edstrong.blog-city.com/japan_sex_teenage_girls_and_consumerism.htm|archive-date=13 Jun 2011}}</ref>
====1990s==== [[File:Shibuya 109 cropped.jpg|thumb|upright|Shibuya 109 in 2006]]
Even into the 1990s, the word gal continued to be used. In particular, the "{{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Oyaji gal}}" that appears in the manga ''Sweet Spot'', drawn by Yutsuko Chusonji gained so much recognition that it won the Buzzword Award. This term is usually used for young women who act like old men. Although this term has little to do with {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} fashion itself, it can be said that it was one of the first indicators that {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} were "cutting-edge in appearance, but somehow lacked order and manners in their speech and behavior". Later on, modern {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} was compared with {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Oyaji gal}}.
Around this time, Shibuya's shop tenants such as 109 and PARCO gradually shifted to catering to teenagers, establishing the area as a cutting-edge district for teen fashion.
====Reiwa era====
Unlike {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Heisei era}}, {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Reiwa gyaru}} is characterized by greater diversity, reduced emphasis on strict aesthetic rules, and a focus on individual expression rather than standardized appearance.{{Citation needed|reason=information needed|date=January 2026}}.
In contrast to {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Heisei}}-era {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}}, which was often associated with heavy makeup, deep tanning, bleached hair, and clearly defined substyles, Reiwa {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} encompasses a wide range of fashion and makeup approaches. These may include both bold and minimal looks, as well as the blending of gyaru elements with other styles such as street fashion, {{transliteration|ja|onee-kei}}, {{transliteration|ja|jirai-kei}}, Y2K, and minimalist aesthetics.
The concept of “{{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} mind”—emphasizing confidence, independence, and resistance to social conformity—has become more prominent than specific visual markers. As a result, Reiwa {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} is often described as less prescriptive and more inclusive than earlier iterations of the subculture.{{Citation needed|reason=reference(s) needed|date=January 2026}}.
Print magazines, which played a central role in gyaru culture during the 1990s and 2000s, have largely been replaced by social media platforms such as Instagram, TikTok, and X (formerly Twitter), where individuals share styling, makeup, and interpretations of {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} identity.
Overall, Reiwa-era gyaru represents an evolution of the subculture that prioritizes personal identity, flexibility, and digital community over fixed visual conventions.
==Appearance== {{Unreferenced section|date=January 2024}} [[File:Circle contact lens right-on left-off.jpg|thumb|300px|The appearance of circle lenses on the eye at the right.]] By the early 2010s, {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} fashion was typically characterized by a face with matte foundation, silver or golden eye shadow, dark lash line with false eyelashes for both upper and lower eyelid, pale or cool colored lips, colored contacts and tanned skin as it is considered a must in some substyles. Though other sub-styles do not demand tanned skin but rather fair skin. They were also most often seen with highly elongated and decorated artificial nails especially with 3D charms or varying nail art. {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Gyaru}}''s'' also generally wear their hair in varying extreme voluminous hairstyles and different arrangement of hairstyles such as ponytails. Dyed hair such as blonde is seen although this may change from person to person.
The dramatic nature of {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} makeup is considered essential to the subculture, with deviations depending on which substyle one partakes in. Makeup typically consists of black or brown eye shadow on the lower lash line to close but also enlarge the eyes, black eye liner which is drawn as a downward curved line to make the eyes appear rounder, known as puppy liner, {{Nihongo|2=たる目|3=tarume}}, or "droopy eyes" in English. There is also a makeup technique known as the ''droop'' in {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}}. By connecting the upper eyelid eye liner and eye liner at the lower eyelid and even below the eye, this space is known as the ''droop''. Fake eyelashes should also be of spiky or anime style due to the false eyelash having a cluster-like look and not a wispy-like look; though this notion is mostly brought through the 2000s and 2010s popularity of {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} which had a greater use of the spiky fake eyelashes. Later with Western influences would any fake eyelashes of dramatic nature be considered {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}}.
Sometimes to increase the size and appearance of the eyes, a white, silver, or highlighted colored eye shadow would be applied to the inner or outer corners and the lower lashline of the eye. This is to make the eyes appear larger or to contour them to elongate the sclera of the eye. Conversely, it is sometimes said in online {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} communities that white eyeshadow applied to the extremities of the lower lash line can be frowned upon, as it creates a cosplay-like appearance. It is also seen in the makeup application of {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} that a touch or a small triangle is applied with black eyeliner in the inner corner of the eyes.
[[File:Contact Grain.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Colored contact lenses or more probable circle lenses on the eyes, with zoom-in to show the grain or printed dots on the lenses. Also an older version of lenses now and even at the time.]]
Contouring different parts of the face to change facial features and highlighting the nose for a straight and slimming but also heightening effect is often done. This highlight should be done by a line going straight down the nose with concealer or white color; this technique is known as the ''nose strip'' in {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} groups. Button nose contour is often done by some overseas {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} especially in Chinese {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} communities where these looks are prevalent, but looked down upon in other or Western {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} spaces. This application of contouring, especially in a more button shape, is not a conventional {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} look. Lips are almost never seen of a darker color or dark (black) shade, though there are some exception such as in {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|goshikku}}- and/or {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|rokku}}-style looks. Most of the time lips are often colored using concealer, white, or a lighter pink color. Blush should not be applied all over the face such as with {{Nihongo|2=いがり|3=igari}} or "drunken blush". It should also never be applied on the nose, but should be applied closer to the middle of the cheeks and closer to the eyes, such as the apples of the cheeks.
Eyebrows should be thin and arched, sometimes in a triangular shape, trimmed and color-blocked with concealer or foundation, with barely any loose strands of eyebrow hair to be seen; some even forgo regularly maintaining them through plucking their eyebrows, and ultimately decide to shave them. The eyebrows are drawn with eyebrow pencil or powder in an arched brow, or most often a triangular flick; they are then lightened with eyebrow mascara. Neither a thick full bushy eyebrow nor a unibrow is seen as a part of the {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} appearance.
Colored contacts, often circle lenses, are used to change eye color and make the eyes appear larger due to the extreme diameter of circle lenses. In addition to enhancing eye diameter, {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} will use eyelid tape or glue to create the appearance of double eyelids instead of monolids. Some even decide to undergo eyelid surgery. In the later years of this style, with the popularity of South Korea through its soft power, the Korean wave brought an evolution in the makeup of {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}}. The makeup would see the use of the technique of creating a larger appearance of the undereye, such as by highlighting the undereye and contouring the eye crease to make the eye bag appear prominent; or by using makeup to distinguish the orbicularis oculi muscle, especially the inferior tarsus and to make it appear larger. This is known as {{Korean|hangul=애교살|rr=aegyosal}}. In Japanese this is known as {{Nihongo|2=涙袋|3=ruitai}} or {{Nihongo|2=なみだぶくろ|3=namidabukuro}}; it is important to know that these can be translated into English as "tear bag". This should not be mistaken for the tear trough of the eyes, as this makeup application is near the undereye, not on the skin which is even lower than the undereye or even below that on the cheek. Increasing the appearance of the undereye can be also done through the procedure of applying botox or filler.
Hairstyling often differs between substyles. Heavily bleached or dyed hair is most often seen; shades may range from dark brown, to lighter shades of brown, to multiple shades of red, or multiple shades of blonde. Black hair can also be seen in {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}}, but most Japanese participants commonly have dyed hair. Alternative hair colors or vivid hair colors are also seen such as neon red, green, and even blue. Though these colors are seen on more extreme styles worn by {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}}, more alternatively-leaning {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} will dye their hair with even more extreme colors.
Hair is mostly styled either by curling it with a curling iron or straightening it with a hair straightener. Hair may also be teased to create extra volume. In Japanese, this hair styling is called {{Nihongo|2=スジ盛り|3=sujimori}}; in English, it means "assorted streaks". This styling is named so, not only because of its enormous volume of hair, the usage of hair extension to achieve this look, or even because of its use of an assortment of wigs to create this hairstyle. Instead, this name comes from these streaks of hair that are made apparent by being held by gel. Since after the curling and crimping; the gel would be used to keep hair streaks visible and present throughout the day. Also it is common that {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} will go to a hairsalon, so that hairstylist can create this hairstyle for them. While it can be done on one's own, it will often take a lot of time and practice to accomplish correctly. This hair-styling technique also has a Japanese Wikipedia article; see {{Nihongo|2=盛り髪|3=morigami}}.
[[File:Japanese summer KIMONO2.jpg|right|thumb|200px|A woman from Susukino wearing a highly decorated {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} styled {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|yukata}} print in 2010. The large voluminous hair she adorns is known as {{Nihongo|2=スジ盛り|3=sujimori}}]]
Apparel for {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} fashion also varies by substyle and retail store; this choice of brands can denote which substyle one participates in. Japanese street fashion brands or western fast fashion brands with general {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} aesthetics indicate one's substyle depending on their appearance in an outfit. Although some {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} have bought western luxury brands or even haute couture brands, most have gravitated toward Japanese brands, depending on their style. Most of the apparel originated from Shibuya 109. A full outfit of only designer brands is not considered completely {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} unless one tries for a specific substyle. Yet, even those who participate in the substyle of wearing designer items have different brands, regardless of whether the brands are Western or Japanese. They would generally mix different brands to create a {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} look.
As for physical appearance, {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}}''s'' are presented as having an East Asian thin or underweight physique to those overseas; though this body is proliferated by {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} magazines that have on tail or back part of the magazine a quantity of advertisements for dieting products, procedures, supplements, companies or methods to lose weight. Incorrectly starting or opening of these magazines could contribute to a Eating Disorder and a negative body image of oneself; as depending if the reader is using the Western principle of book orientation to open the magazine could possibly continually be presented to those adverts. These advertisements are also presented with underweight models next to their previous weight (as a before and after) or most likely photoshopped bodies with a denominator of low body weight. Also apart from the {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} fashion magazines there were also {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} magazine such as ''popteen'' that had magazines, books or mooks dedicated to dieting alone. Though in reality not all participants of Japanese origin were underweight and some and even most overseas {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}}''s'' are of an average or overweight body type.
=== Appearance and Style in the Reiwa Era ===
In the {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Reiwa}} era (2019–present), {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} fashion and makeup have undergone noticeable stylistic changes compared to earlier periods. While retaining recognizable {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} elements, contemporary appearances generally emphasize cleaner aesthetics, softer contrasts, and adaptability to modern fashion trends.
Makeup in the {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Reiwa}} period typically features lighter base makeup, reduced tanning, and a more natural skin tone than the deep tans associated with late {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Heisei gyaru}}. Eye makeup remains central but is often less exaggerated, with smaller false eyelashes, thinner eyeliner, and subdued contouring. Circle lenses continue to be used, though usually in more natural colors and sizes. Nose contouring and heavy white eye highlights are less common than in previous eras.
Hair styling favors simpler, wearable looks, including loose waves, straight styles, ponytails, and half-up arrangements. Hair colors remain diverse—such as blonde, brown, ash, and pastel tones—but extreme volume, heavy extensions, and elaborate hair accessories appear less frequently. Wigs and extensions are still used but are often styled to appear more natural.
Fashion in the {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Reiwa}} era reflects a blend of classic {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} influences and contemporary streetwear. Common elements include cropped tops, fitted silhouettes, platform shoes, boots, coordinated sets, and casual glam styling. Traditional {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} substyles, such as {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|onee gyaru}} and {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|tsuyome}}-influenced looks, persist, though they are often simplified. Accessories tend to be minimal compared to earlier eras, with an emphasis on cohesive styling rather than maximal decoration.{{Citation needed|reason=information for research needed|date=January 2026}}
Overall, {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Reiwa}}-era {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} appearance is characterized by refinement, flexibility, and individual expression, with less emphasis on strict substyle rules and more focus on personal branding and social-media presentation.
== Substyles == {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Gyaru}} wear a wide spectrum of styles that vary in their overall design. The subculture's fashion is referred to as {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru kei}} ({{lang|ja|ギャル系}}) in Japanese, translating roughly to "{{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}}-type" or "classified as {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}}". {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Gyaru}} are not limited to one specific style as {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru kei}} and the style as a whole; participants are encouraged to alternate between different substyles.
The different styles of {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} are generally known as "substyles". Despite the rigidity implied by the term, these are less rigid categories and more loose labels coined to describe different evolutions and movements in {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} fashion which emerged as the subculture developed. Each substyle can be classified by its distinct brands (e.g. La Pafait is primarily a {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|hime gyaru}} brand), hairstyles, silhouettes, color palettes and makeup styles.
Furthermore, most style denotion are terms popularized by magazines and most are not organic street styles created by everyday participants.
*{{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Amekaji gyaru}} ("American casual") is a style inspired by American culture but does follow an African-American silhouette or Hip-hop fashion styled appearance such as the baggy look. It is bright, fun, flamboyant, and multi-colored. Inspired by fictionalized images of America, the clothes are generally looser than most other {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} styles. They usually have many overlapping layers. Pieces found in {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Amekaji}} fashion include sweaters, bomber and Letterman jackets, t-shirts, shorts, jeans, overalls, cargo pants, tennis shoes, engineer boots, and Uggs. The fashion brands most associated with this substyle are ANAP, COCO*LULU, BLUE MOON BLUE and Wakatsuki Chinatsu. Wearing men's clothing is also common in {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Amekaji}}; COCO*LULU had a menswear line. The menswear brand Buzz Spunky is also a staple in {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Amekaji}}. *{{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|B-gyaru}}<ref>{{cite web|date=2013-12-12|title=B-Gyaru Introduction {{!}} universal-doll.com|url=http://universal-doll.com/2012/03/b-gyaru-introduction/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212094532/http://universal-doll.com/2012/03/b-gyaru-introduction/|access-date=2021-06-24|archive-date=December 12, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Kinsella|first=Sharon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9uEJAgAAQBAJ&dq=b-kei&pg=PA134 |title=Schoolgirls, Money and Rebellion in Japan |date=2013-11-07|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-48841-4|language=en}}</ref> is a sub-style of {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} that draws inspiration from the baggy street style popularized by hip-hop artists.<ref>{{Cite web|last=official-blog|date=2023-11-18|title=Bガール系（B系）ファッションの特徴とは？|url=https://official-blog.hatenablog.jp/entry/b-girl-feature|access-date=2023-12-31|website=ファッション＆コスメのライフスタイルブログ|language=ja}}</ref> The letter B in the name is derived from the terms B-Girl and B-Boy, which are commonly used for members of the hip-hop community.<ref>{{Cite web|last=official-blog|date=2023-11-18|title=Bガール系（B系）ファッションの特徴とは？|url=https://official-blog.hatenablog.jp/entry/b-girl-feature |access-date=2024-01-01|website=ファッション＆コスメのライフスタイルブログ|language=ja}}</ref> {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|B-gyaru}} never gained widespread popularity in Japan and was mainly associated with the store Baby Shoop. B-gyaru is characterized by African braid styles, big hoop earrings, heavy tanning, and loose baggy clothes to 'look black'. Outside of Japan, reception of {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|B-gyaru}} is mixed; the debate over cultural appropriation of Black American culture is a point of contention among many Gaijin (Foreign or western) {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}}.{{Citation needed|date=April 2025}} *{{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Ganguro}},<ref>{{cite book|doi=10.1057/9781403977120_10|chapter=Black Faces, Witches, and Racism against Girls|title=Bad Girls of Japan|year=2005|last1=Kinsella|first1=Sharon|pages=143–158|isbn=978-1-4039-6947-7}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=All About Ganguro, the Rebellious Japanese Fashion Trend|url=https://jpninfo.com/37610|access-date=2022-03-28|website=Japan Info|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Kinsella|first=Sharon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9uEJAgAAQBAJ&q=ganguro&pg=PA109|title=Schoolgirls, Money and Rebellion in Japan|date=2013-11-07|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-48841-4|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Steger|first1=Brigitte|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=26zrDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA19|title=Beyond Kawaii: Studying Japanese Femininities at Cambridge|last2=Koch|first2=Angelika|last3=Tso|first3=Christopher|date=2020|publisher=LIT Verlag Münster|isbn=978-3-643-91286-2|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Daliot-Bul|first=Michal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvsrhwc|title=License to Play: The Ludic in Japanese Culture|date=2014|publisher=University of Hawai'i Press|jstor=j.ctvsrhwc|isbn=978-0-8248-3940-6}}</ref> also known as {{Nihongo|2=黒ギャル|3=kuro gyaru}},<ref>{{Cite web|title=黒ギャル|url=https://dic.pixiv.net/a/%E9%BB%92%E3%82%AE%E3%83%A3%E3%83%AB|access-date=2023-12-23|website=ピクシブ百科事典|language=ja}}{{User-generated source|date=April 2025}}</ref>{{User-generated source|date=April 2025}} is a {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} style with artificially deep tanned skin and bleached hair, for this substyle a tan is needed, it is often described as lighter manba. makeup which tends to feature white around the eyes, almost never in the droop, (but outside of the droop on the aegyosal) and on the lips, though in some cases darker shades of color are sometimes seen on the eyes of {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|ganguro}}. Decorations such as glitter or flowers, such as hibiscus flower stickers, are often added under the eyes. This style was popular in the late 1990s and early 2000s. The name {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|ganguro}} is believed{{By whom|date=April 2025}} to be derived from the term {{Nihongo|2=ガンガン黒い|3=gan gan kuro i}}, meaning "exceptionally dark".{{Citation needed|date=April 2025}} *{{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Gyaru mama}}<ref>{{cite web|date=2012-07-11|title=日本ギャルママ協会|url=http://galmama.jp/|access-date=2021-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120711001201/http://galmama.jp/|archive-date=July 11, 2012}}</ref> are teenage {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} or women who continue to wear the {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} style even after having children.<ref>{{cite web|last=Shoji|first=Kaori|date=2012-12-24|title=Switching to mama mode is not easy for today's gals|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2012/12/24/language/switching-to-mama-mode-is-not-easy-for-todays-gals/|access-date=2021-05-25|website=The Japan Times|language=en-US}}</ref> Writing for BBC News, Mariko Oi stated that "gal-mama are young mothers who refuse to shed their gal-ness".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Oi|first=Mariko|date=2012-08-29|title=Japan harnesses fashion power of gals|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-19332694|access-date=2021-05-25|publisher=BBC News|language=en-GB}}</ref> They sometimes clothe their children in the same style. For example, Aki, a {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} leader of her own {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyarusa}} named Brillant Lab, reveals how these mothers dressed and how they chose their children's outfits, hair and hair color to correspond to their mother's outfit. In other words, the child became a {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru mama}}'s accessory.<ref>{{cite web|title=Meet Aki, queen of the 'gyaru-mama'|url=https://japantoday.com/category/features/lifestyle/meet-aki-queen-of-the-gyaru-mama|access-date=2021-07-25|website=Japan Today|date=December 9, 2010|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Barron|first=Sandra|date=2010-06-21|title=Gyaru get cooking|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2010/06/21/national/media-national/gyaru-get-cooking/|access-date=2021-08-09|website=The Japan Times|language=en-US}}</ref> These mothers might parent differently than most in Japan; their parenting style can be quite contemporary for the Japanese societal norms, perceptions and it has been said{{By whom|date=April 2025}} that it is less stressful for their children.<ref>{{cite web|date=2022-03-26|title=Japanese gyaru-turned-mom is more concerned with making her son a gentleman than a scholar|url=https://soranews24.com/2022/03/26/japanese-gyaru-turned-mom-is-more-concerned-with-making-her-son-a-gentleman-than-a-scholar/|access-date=2022-03-27|website=SoraNews24 -Japan News-|language=en-US}}</ref> *{{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Gyaru-o}}<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Evers|first1=Izumi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UXPP0rNm-I4C&pg=PA10|title=Japanese Schoolgirl Inferno: Tokyo Teen Fashion Subculture Handbook|last2=Macias|first2=Patrick|date=2010-07-01|publisher=Chronicle Books|isbn=978-0-8118-7885-2|language=en}}</ref> is a male {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}}.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Botz-Bornstein|first=Thorsten|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hI10N-rW2nEC&pg=PA73|title=The Cool-Kawaii: Afro-Japanese Aesthetics and New World Modernity|date=2012-07-10|publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=978-0-7391-4847-1|language=en}}</ref> Their style is similar to {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}}, including high-volume styled hair, similar fashion, and tanned skin.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kawamura|first=Yuniya|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xvbQxY-ALKIC&q=gyaru%20o&pg=PA13|title=Fashioning Japanese Subcultures|date=2012-08-07|publisher=Berg|isbn=978-1-84788-947-8|language=en}}</ref> {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Gyaru-o}} is often written in Japanese as {{Lang|ja|ギャルオ}} ({{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaruo}}) or {{Lang|ja|ギャル男}} ({{Literal translation|gal male}}). There are many different substyles of {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaruo}}, such as salon-kei, {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|onii-kei}}, {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|sentaa}}-guy, rokku, biker, military, surfer, {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|amekaji}}, and host-kei or are some of the various styles they will wear. *{{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Hime gyaru}}<ref>{{Cite news|date=2010-07-22|title=Japan's Latest Fashion Has Women Playing Princess for a Day - WSJ.com|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB122713804938242481.html|access-date=2022-07-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100722011500/http://online.wsj.com/article/SB122713804938242481.html|archive-date=July 22, 2010|last1=Kane|first1=Yukari Iwatani|last2=Thomas|first2=Lisa}}</ref> also known as {{Nihongo|2=姫系|3=hime kei}}, is one of the more flamboyant and expensive styles of {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}}; it is considered essential to buy clothing from pricey brand names such as Jesus Diamante, La Parfait or Princess Melody or from the cheaper brand Rosy future. The substyle {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|hime gyaru}} is largely based on the Rococo era, as the Japanese word {{Nihongo|2=姫|3=hime|4={{Literal translation|princess}}}}; {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} who wear this style often wear dresses or skirts in pink or other pastel colors with many laces and bows. Rose patterns, rosettes, pearls, and crown motifs are also common. Headpieces range from large bow clips with pearls to headbands with a rose accent. The hair is bleached, crimped in a bouffant at the top, and curled wigs/extensions are worn to create {{Nihongo|2=スジ盛り|3=sujimori}}-styled hair. The make-up style often has more exaggerated eyes than the typical {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} style. The concept of {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|hime gyaru}} is not limited to fashion; many girls see it as a way of life, often making or buying custom-made decor for their homes. The style blossomed in the early 2000s but has since declined or turned more casual; this version is referred to as {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|hime kaji}}. The style mostly draws upon the Japanese fashion brand Liz Lisa whose appearance and clothes are more casual than {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|hime gyaru}}. The style is not to be confused with Lolita fashion. *{{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Himekaji}} ({{lang|ja|姫カジ}}, {{literal translation|princess casual}}), is a substyle which emerged in the late 2000s. Though it began as a casual alternative to the pricey, high-maintenance {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|hime}} style, it has since taken on a life of its own. It is associated primarily with Liz Lisa, but brands such as Axes Femme, Tralala (Liz Lisa's sister brand) and Yumetenbou were also popular choices for {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|himekaji}} gals. {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Himekaji}} tends to stick closely to a similar palette to {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|hime}} - pink and white - with occasional brown and beige, and is (like {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|hime gyaru}}) characterised by retro floral prints, as well as polka dots, check and plaid patterns. {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Himekaji}} features girly elements such as floral blouses, miniskirts, thigh-high socks, heeled knee boots, ruffles, bows and lace details, but in a more casual form than its predecessor. Hair for {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|himekaji}} gals may be either light or dark, but must always be styled. This style also does not require tanning, and the makeup, though still featuring the signature circle lens and fluffy lashes, may not be as exaggerated as {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|hime}}. {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Himekaji}} experienced a peak in popularity between 2010 and 2013, dropping as the 2010s continued, but has recently undergone an online resurgence. *{{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Kogal}}<ref>{{Cite book|last=Turney|first=Joanne|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nLGgDwAAQBAJ&q=gyaru&pg=PT69|title=Fashion Crimes: Dressing for Deviance|date=2019-07-25|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-78831-564-7|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Keliyan|first=Maya|date=December 2011|title=Kogyaru and Otaku: Youth Subcultures Lifestyles in Postmodern Japan|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307686112|journal=Asian Studies|volume=-15|issue=3|pages=95–110|publisher=University of Ljubljana|doi=10.4312/as.2011.15.3.95-110|via=ResearchGate|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Peters|first=Mark|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bY2bAQAAQBAJ&dq=gyaru&pg=PA250|title=Japan Dreams: Notes from an Unreal Country|date=2013-10-21|publisher=Booktango|isbn=978-1-4689-3961-3|language=en}}</ref> defines an age range of 14–18, who wear clothing resembling Japanese high-school student uniforms with {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} flair added to them. Slight alterations such as color or presentation of the garment are frequent. They may also be an actual high school uniform purchased from a {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|burusera}}. The term {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|kogal}} comes from actual female Japanese high school students in the late 1980s and early 1990s, around the Heisei era who wore this style during or after school sessions.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kinsella|first=Sharon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wW8KAgAAQBAJ|title=Schoolgirls, Money and Rebellion in Japan|date=2013-11-07|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-48848-3|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Suzuki|first1=Tadashi|last2=Best|first2=Joel|title=The Emergence of Trendsetters for Fashions and Fads: Kogaru in 1990s Japan|journal=The Sociological Quarterly|date=January 2003|volume=44|issue=1|pages=61–79|doi=10.1111/j.1533-8525.2003.tb02391.x|s2cid=145052921}}</ref> They would shorten their skirts from their high school uniform protocol length to give them a miniskirt appearance and length and wear loose socks. The origin of these socks is American brand ''E.G. Smith''.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Ashcraft|first1=Brian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fdHZAwAAQBAJ&dq=gyaru&pg=PA26|title=Japanese Schoolgirl Confidential: How Teenage Girls Made a Nation Cool|last2=Ueda|first2=Shoko|date=2014-05-13|publisher=Tuttle Publishing|isbn=978-1-4629-1409-8|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=ルーズソックス 1996|date=February 24, 2010|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gUiGLAXNamo|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008220409/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gUiGLAXNamo|archive-date=October 8, 2021|url-status=dead|language=ja|format=video|access-date=2021-10-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=makoto|title=コギャルたちの制服の着こなし方 {{!}} ギャルチャー|url=https://galture.com/fashion/kogal.html|access-date=2024-02-12|website=galture.com|language=ja}}</ref> {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Kogal}} also often have dyed or bleached hair, accessorizing their high school bags with danglers or mixed educational material with cosmetic products and a portable mirror, things often banned in Japanese high school. Namie Amuro is said to be not only the one who popularized the tanned appearance, but also as having started the {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|kogal}} trend during the Heisei era.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-06-06|title=Showing Some Skin {{!}} Fashion {{!}} Trends in Japan {{!}} Web Japan|url=http://web-japan.org/trends/fashion/fas060913.html|access-date=2022-07-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606025240/http://web-japan.org/trends/fashion/fas060913.html|archive-date=June 6, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-10-25|title=Baggy Socks - What's Cool in Japan - Archives - Kids Web Japan - Web Japan|url=http://web-japan.org/kidsweb/archives/cool/97-4-6/fashion.html|access-date=2022-07-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071025063551/http://web-japan.org/kidsweb/archives/cool/97-4-6/fashion.html|archive-date=October 25, 2007}}</ref> The term {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|kogal}} is derived from the mixing of the Japanese word {{lang|ja|子}} ({{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|ko}}) or {{Literal translation|child}} but written in Katakana as {{lang|ja|コ}}, and the word {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=What Is Kogal Fashion, Gyaru's More Subtle Style Subculture?|url=https://cooljp.co/article/kogal-fashion-japanese-gyaru-subculture-cj-8336|access-date=2021-08-30|website=Clozette}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-10-16|title=neomarxisme: The Misanthropology of Late-Stage Kogal|url=http://www.pliink.com/mt/marxy/archives/2007/01/the-misanthropo.html|access-date=2022-07-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016100416/http://www.pliink.com/mt/marxy/archives/2007/01/the-misanthropo.html|archive-date=October 16, 2007}}</ref> It is noteworthy that due to the Japanese educational system's regulations on uniforms, the uniforms varied by school, indicating higher standards in terms of grades or wealth. This mattered in {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|kogal}} fashion.<ref>{{cite web|date=2019-11-30|title=Not everyone hates school uniforms: Japanese Twitter shows us why|url=https://soranews24.com/2019/11/30/not-everyone-hates-school-uniforms-japanese-twitter-shows-us-why/|access-date=2021-10-12|website=SoraNews24 -Japan News-|language=en-US}}</ref> The term of {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|kogal}} is closely related to {{lang|ja|女子高校生}} ({{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|joshi kōkōsei}}) ({{Literal translation|high school girl}}). The importance of {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|joshi kōkōsei}} is that often on social network services the Kanji would be abbreviated to "JK" because the first letters used in these Kanji. In this case, these letters combined are not used to convey or be internet speech to refer to joking but is a direct abbreviation for the word {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|joshi kōkōsei}}. This subculture of {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|{{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|kogal}}}} fashion is closely related to JK business and compensated dating or {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|enjo kōsai}}.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kinsella|first1=Sharon|title=What's Behind the Fetishism of Japanese School Uniforms?|journal=Fashion Theory|date=May 2002|volume=6|issue=2|pages=215–237|doi=10.2752/136270402778869046|s2cid=146953470}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Goodman|first1=Roger|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6EMbBaN-pFQC&q=gyaru&pg=PA73|title=A Sociology of Japanese Youth: From Returnees to NEETs|last2=Imoto|first2=Yuki|last3=Toivonen|first3=Tuukka Hannu Ilmari|date=2012|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-66926-9|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2006-07-07|title=Giant Robot11: Kogals|url=http://www.giantrobot.com/issues/issue11/kogals/kogal3.html|access-date=2024-05-11|archive-date=July 7, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060707180659/http://www.giantrobot.com/issues/issue11/kogals/kogal3.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> *{{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Ora ora gyaru}}<ref>{{cite web|date=2010-11-29|title=Ora Ora kei and trend rising |url=http://universal-doll.com/2009/11/ora-ora-kei-and-trend-rising/|access-date=2022-02-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129225521/http://universal-doll.com/2009/11/ora-ora-kei-and-trend-rising/|archive-date=November 29, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-02-13 |title=Ora-Jo/Ora-Gyaru (Ora Ora kei girl) {{!}} 2012 {{!}} Local fashion craze breakdown {{!}} TOKYO STREET FASHION NEWS {{!}} style-arena.jp|url=https://www.style-arena.jp/en/newtribe/2012/40|access-date=2023-04-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213180046/https://www.style-arena.jp/en/newtribe/2012/40|archive-date=February 13, 2019}}</ref> is one that is most often compared to or confused with {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|ane gyaru}} due to the fact that both styles were brought to the Japanese public's eye attention through the {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|bōsōzoku}}, {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|yankī}}, and Japanese biker gang culture with {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} makeup and style. The {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} magazine of choice is ''Soul Sister''. This style can be understood by its style choice of apparel, such as track suits, greater use of denim, and a generally more masculine look. The style is also known as {{lang|ja|オラオラギャル}} ({{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|ora ora gyaru}}) and {{lang|ja|悪羅系}} ({{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|ora kei}}). These girls were often seen driving as a couple, were or are mechanics, and sometimes ride bikes. They tend to have tattoos and piercings. This is not only done to look rebellious but the style caters to girls who live on the edge. *{{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Yamanba}}<ref>{{Cite book|last=Reider|first=Noriko T.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GSEwEAAAQBAJ&q=gyaru&pg=PA139|title=Mountain Witches: Yamauba|date=2021-07-01|publisher=University Press of Colorado|isbn=978-1-64642-055-1|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-07-20|title=懐かしのマンバギャルが復活？！現代のカリスマギャル○○○がマンバに！|url=https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000033.000012773.html|access-date=2023-12-23|website=プレスリリース・ニュースリリース配信シェアNo.1｜PR TIMES|language=ja-JP}}</ref> is an exaggerated style characterized by an extremely dark artificial tan, messy bleached-white hair, and white makeup. "If it goes up to your eyebrows, its Yamanba!" {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Yamanba}} is said{{by whom|date=April 2025}} to be inspired by the Japanese {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|yōkai}} {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Yama-uba}} ({{lang|ja|山姥}}, {{Literal translation|mountain witch woman}}), an unkempt old woman with dark skin, white hair, and a dirty, unkempt appearance, who would disguise herself as a beautiful young woman to lure male victims. Like {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|ganguro}}, the style was often considered to be a joke and deliberately unattractive, with some {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|yamanba}} saying they liked the trend "because it looked stupid."<ref>{{Cite book|last=M.M.|first=Daliot-Bul|date=October 2014|title=License to Play: The Ludic in Japanese Culture|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313468602|pages=70|doi=10.1515/9780824847883 |isbn=9780824847883}}</ref> {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Yamanba}} fashion attracted a reputation as being "unclean" or delinquent.<ref name="moskowitz">{{Citation|last=Moskowitz|first=Nona|title=Gender, maturity, and "Going out into the World": self-referent term choice at Ogasawara Middle School|date=December 2014|url=https://www.jstor.org/journal/usjapawomej|work=U.S.-Japan Women's Journal|volume=47|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|quote=The kogyaru [...] appearing in the early 1990s offers a more recent example of the way in which women who transgress gender ideals continue to be objects of critique. The kogyaru style, frequently marked by bleached hair, white makeup on artificially tanned skin, brash behavior, and a reputation for talking explicitly about sex and other taboo subjects, often, as Laura Miller notes, 'combines elements of calculated cuteness and studied ugliness.' It is a look that appears to be 'an affront to the male tastes of readers.' The white eye shadow and lipstick on the tanned or blackened skin of the ganguro or yamamba styles combine to create the look of a photographic negative. Sharon Kinsella found that readers' comments drew upon images of a primitive tribe or some kind of animal and suggested a 'sexual and racial delinquency' on the part of the girls.}}</ref> The male equivalent to {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|yamanba}} is {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|sentaa}}''-guy''.
===Micro styles=== Micro styles of {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} are styles which are less common or just were trends, are magazine terms of little notoriety (e.g. marine or {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|mori gyaru}}), have declined in popularity or have become obsolete. *Bohemian {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} is a {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} substyle which is rarely worn and is considered less of an actual style and more of a seasonal outfit for those who participate in broader {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} fashion. It is less of a substyle restrained by rules, being mostly worn in the spring and summer seasons or for those that live in warmer climates. Since the clothing pieces are of a lighter textile, only a jacket is used for layering, and woven leather accessories such as a belt and shoes are more often seen than in other styles. Sandals are often used in this style. Unlike most of the other substyles which use more apparel that easily hold warmth, such as apparel with thicker textile or woollen materials and multiple layers of clothes for one outfit, this style is worn with very few layers or lighter textiles; it is also denoted by its use of airy, denim, flower-patterned, tie-dyed, and nomadic textile motifs in most of its outfits. Most apparel pieces are either maxi-dresses or knee-length dresses. The style seems inspired by late 1960s hippie fashion and takes its name from the Bohemian style of fashion. This style is sometimes confused with {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|himekaji}} due to the similar floral prints and silhouettes, but remains distinct. *{{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Chola-gyaru}}; Just as the styles of {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|B-gyaru}}, {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|rasuta gyaru}}, {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|bibinba}}, and even {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|ganguro}} can be seen as disrespectful or even harmful by those belonging to the groups being emulated in these particular sub-styles; one style such as {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|rasuta gyaru}} is heavily influenced by Rastafari culture; the question remains, is it appropriation or appreciation of another culture—particularly the culture of marginalized groups. For {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|chola-gyaru}}, the sub-culture it is emulating is already contentious within the larger Chicano culture and the term comes with its own complicated history; the book Comentarios Reales de los Incas has a quote that portrays how the actual word came to be and how it was utilized then in 1609: 'The child of a Black male and an Indian female, or of an Indian male and Black female, they call mullato and mullata. The children of these they call cholos. Cholo is a word from the Windward Islands. It means dog, not of the purebred variety, but of very disreputable origin; and the Spaniards use it for insult and vituperation.'<ref>{{Cite book|last=Vega|first=Garcilaso de la|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oI_VAQAACAAJ&q=editions:OCLC3622454|title=Comentarios reales de los incas|date=2009|publisher=Gobierno Regional de Arequipa|isbn=978-612-45480-2-4|language=es}}{{page needed|date=November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2021-01-26|title=A Look At Japanese Cholo Culture From Lowriders To Rappers|url=https://japanjunky.com/japanese-cholo-culture/|access-date=2021-06-08|website=Japanjunky|language=en}}</ref> The style itself takes enormous influence from Chicano as many {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|chola-gyaru}} wear apparel clothes that are more often than not the same as Chicano apparel or street wear. A combination of tartans, flannels, oversized t-shirts, and tank tops. Accessorized with bandanas, a baseball cap, dark sunglasses, gold chains, and even tattoos; which still in present-day Japan is still considered a taboo due to its past connotations. Baggy jeans are a must. There is also a Japanese music artist who exemplifies both {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} and Chicana culture, MoNa.<ref>{{cite web|title=MUSIC PRODUCER {{!}} AILI MUSIC {{!}} WORKS {{!}} CM|url=https://www.ailimusic.net/cm?lightbox=dataItem-kdvptntx3|access-date=2021-06-08|website=AILI MUSIC|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=MoNa a.k.a SadGirl Official {{!}} Homepage|url=http://www.mona-aka-sadgirl.com/|access-date=2021-06-08|language=ja}}</ref> She has been interviewed and documented in the series from ''Refinery29: Style out there'' and ''The New York Times'' YouTube channel.<ref>{{Citation|title=Why Japanese Women Are Dressing Like Cholas| date=March 16, 2019|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u1LqF03UUdc?t=408|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/u1LqF03UUdc|archive-date=2021-12-21|url-status=live|type=video|language=en|access-date=3 May 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Inside Japan's Chicano Subculture|date=February 20, 2019|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r8bMLcCxxAA|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/r8bMLcCxxAA|archive-date=2021-12-21|url-status=live|type=video|language=en|access-date=3 May 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref> *{{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Gyaru den}} is a style of {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} consisting of reviving {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} through technology. It takes aspects of the {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} fashion substyle and then makes use of technology as a way to revamp the style. The creators of this style have created all of their items themselves, which can be LED lights or synthesizers which are used on accessories such as necklaces, loose socks which are those mostly seen on {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|kogyarus}}. They would create new and different apparel pieces from the regular {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} clothing pieces since they are mixed with technological enhancements. The creators of this fashion substyle are both Kyoko from Japan and Mao from Thailand, who immigrated to Japan, and has a degree in engineering.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-02-07|title=Keeping Gyaru alive with Galden - Gyaru Technology - universal-doll.com|url=http://universal-doll.com/2017/03/keep-gyaru-alive-must-gyaru-technology-galden/|access-date=2021-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207122955/http://universal-doll.com/2017/03/keep-gyaru-alive-must-gyaru-technology-galden/|archive-date=February 7, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Episode #101 The Evolution of Kawaii Culture～Ver.3.0～ - NHK World Kawaii International - TV - NHK WORLD - English|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/kawaii-i/archives/ep101/index.html|language=en|access-date=2021-07-19|archive-date=July 15, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715203431/https://www.nhk.or.jp/kawaii-i/archives/ep101/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> *{{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Rokku gyaru}} or rock {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} is a substyle in {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} that often draws from Rock fashion from Rock music as its main inspiration. It is often confused with {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Goshikku gyaru}}. *{{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Goshikku gyaru}} is a substyle in {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} that often draws from Gothic fashion as its main inspiration. This substyle does not require the participant to tan themselves, unlike most of the other {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} substyles. The makeup retains the same over exaggerated and dramatic false eyelash appearance but the makeup colors are more in line with Gothic fashion, as the colors are darker or even black, and white is more predominant than in the other substyles. The fashion motifs and pieces are generally studded, leather, ripped denim, mesh or fishnet apparel pieces with the most prominent apparel colors being black, white, red, purple and any color used in actual Gothic fashion. This substyle and {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|rokku gyaru}} are often confused and labeled incorrectly between one another. *{{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Haady gyaru}}; To understand the substyle {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|haady gyaru}},<ref>{{cite web|date=2017-11-27|title=Gyaru substyles Haady gyaru|url=https://gxlbible.blogspot.com/2017/11/gyaru-substyles-series-haaady-gyaru.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728173423/https://gxlbible.blogspot.com/2017/11/gyaru-substyles-series-haaady-gyaru.html|archive-date=July 28, 2019|website=Blogspot|language=en-UK}}</ref> one must first understand its name's origin. The Japanese word {{lang|ja|派手}} ({{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|hade}}) can in English translate to either "flashy" or "vulgar". This substyle is the epitome of this: by its name alone this can be understood. The difference of spelling is simply for youth factor, by accentuating the vowels and adding the letter 'Y' to also not be too obvious about it. Examples of this {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} fashion substyle resemble the work of artist Lisa Frank due to their use of motifs and color, with bright neon colors from across the entire spectrum. Leopard, cheetah, zebra or anything in printed patterns to early 1990s to 2000s hip-hop inspired fashion such has 'McBling' and the 'Scene' subculture. Clothing shape varies from very loose fitting to tight but the colors are never toned down. In terms of makeup, this {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} substyle and the substyles that range from ''ganguro'' to further are the only ones with the use of more pop in terms of color while most {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} substyles use either muted to seemingly girly colors. Most of these would be pastel colors, such as pastel pink. Creation of this {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} substyle has been credited to the ''egg'' model Kaoru Watanabe as she not only created it but also has her own brand of this fashion, JSG, the acronym for Japanese Super Girl. *{{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Ishoku hada gyaru}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Ishoku-hada extreme body painting subculture invades Tokyo again|url=https://www.japantrends.com/ishokuhada-extreme-body-painting-subculture-tokyo/|access-date=2021-08-09|website=Japan Trends|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2017-07-04|title=Japan's 'Unique Skin Girls' turn heads with new trend celebrating colourful skintones|url=https://soranews24.com/2017/07/05/japans-unique-skin-girls-turn-heads-with-new-trend-celebrating-colourful-skintones/|access-date=2021-10-06|website=SoraNews24 -Japan News-|language=en-US}}</ref> is a {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} style that takes {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|ganguro}} to an even higher level than {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|manba}} or {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|yamanba}}. Instead of someone making their skin twice as dark as their actual skin color, it involves the use of face paint to seem as if the participant had physically dipped themselves in a colorful paint, to resemble an extraterrestrial, but with the same essential style of {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} makeup. This micro-style can be seemingly placed as a form of body art. The translation of this substyle is unique skin {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} in English. The creator of this style, {{Lang|ja|Miyako}} Akane states in an Arte interview:<ref>{{Citation|title=Ishoku Hada Girls – TRACKS – ARTE|date=December 2017|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_IOXd3CEPx0|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/_IOXd3CEPx0|archive-date=2021-12-21|url-status=live|type=video|language=fr|access-date=14 September 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qY3qyeIUbFY|title=Die Schminktherapie der Ishoku Hada Girls {{!}} Arte TRACKS|type=video|language=de|access-date=2024-03-28|via=www.youtube.com}}</ref> 'I decided to create this style due to the fact that westerns have different hair and skin colors compared to the stereotypical Japanese features of pale clear skin and black hair, so when we want to do this we have to do something drastic. So, by changing our skin color or painting it we get to liberate ourselves; it is like a therapy from makeup, we are allowed to choose our hair color and skin color'. She also states that 'There are many mixed marriage children that are subject to a number of prejudices because of their skin color or their hair color; that is why I want to help by saying loud and strong that everyone is allowed to be whom they want to be.' She also stated in an online interview<ref>{{cite web|title=Interview With Ishoku Hada Gyaru Trendsetter miyako|url=http://tokyogirlsupdate.com/ishoku-hada-gyaru-miyako-201708127903.html|access-date=14 September 2019|website=Japanese kawaii idol music culture news {{!}} Tokyo Girls Update|date=August 2017 }}</ref> that: 'I decided to create this style based upon by many things apart from {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}}, but also Harajuku fashion and of course the idea of extraterrestrials; of course it is {{lang|ja|かわいいギャル}} ({{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|kawaii gyaru}}).' In a Kotaku interview<ref>{{cite web|last=Ashcraft|first=Brian|title=Body Paint Makes For Colorful Japanese Fashion|url=https://kotaku.com/body-paint-makes-for-colorful-japanese-fashion-1796510000|access-date=24 August 2019|website=Kotaku|date=June 29, 2017 }}</ref> she stated that she has 'longed for the interesting skin tones seen in video-games, anime, and movies'. This {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} substyle has been promoted in ''egg'' magazine. *{{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Romanba}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Gyaru styles and makeup fashion tips|date=September 3, 2014|url=https://mookychick.co.uk/indie-fashion/japanese/gyaru-styles-and-makeup-fashion-tips.php|access-date=2021-05-27}}</ref> is based around romantic overtones and aesthetics. It keeps the {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|manba}} makeup, the deep tan, style, and aesthetic to a great effect, adding a romantic aspect to their apparel. Their choice of apparel pieces vary and {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|manba}}, as they would replace the colors worn with dolly pastels, pink lace and sundresses that are frilled. {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Romanba gyarus}} instead of accessorizing with ''Lilo & Stitch'', they instead accessorise mostly with characters from Disney's ''The Aristocats'' with the character Marie often used as a motif. The primary {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Romanba}} fashion brands are Pinky Girls and Liz Lisa. Tanning is achieved mainly through make-up and deep-colored tanning lotions or bronzer; sunbeds are not used in as they try to keep their complexion deep but not darker than intended. They appreciate more toned down things in life than just clubbing.
===Related styles=== *{{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Kyabajō}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Kyabajo Japan:: Néojaponisme Blog Archive|url=https://neojaponisme.com/2009/08/11/kyabajo-japan/|access-date=2021-05-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Once Shunned, Hostessing Is Now Popular {{!}} The New York Times|website=YouTube|date=August 5, 2009|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uUUsQ6IWu_4|type=video|language=en|access-date=2022-03-01}}</ref> is similar to {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|agejō}} as it has been inspired since the publication of {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|koakuma ageha}}, which enticed and engrossed women to work in Kabukichō as a hostess or a {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|kyabajō}}. They dress in a particular style that makes them mostly wear dresses that are revealing but said to be more lengthy towards the legs and are rather gaudy, some apparel from the Japanese brand ''MA*RS'' or ''Jesus Diamante'' but most are from brands that have a large {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|kyabajō}} demographic. As stated before, this style resembles {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|agejo}} as the participants have the same attire and also have long fake decorative nails. An exponent is a {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} now known by her title {{lang|ja|元No.1キャバ嬢}} ({{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Moto nanbā 1 kyabajō}}) or Former No.1 Miss {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|kyabajō}}; {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Emiri Aizawa}} ({{lang|ja|愛沢えみり}}).<ref>{{cite web|date=2014-04-26|title=Japanese bar hostess earns more monthly than you make in a whole year|url=https://www.asiaone.com/entertainment/japanese-bar-hostess-earns-more-monthly-you-make-whole-year|access-date=2021-08-27|website=AsiaOne|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Working Lives Tokyo: Hostess|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-asia-34482178|access-date=2021-08-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Joy|first=Alicia|title=Introducing Emiri Aizawa: Cabaret Hostess Turned Fashion Mogul|url=https://theculturetrip.com/asia/japan/articles/profile-on-emiri-aizawa-cabaret-hostess-turned-fashion-mogul/|access-date=2021-08-27|website=Culture Trip|date=August 17, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2020-07-17|title=A job but also a lifestyle : Japanese NUMBER ONE Kyabajos expose their daily lives on youtube!|url=https://www.tss-mag.com/2020/07/a-job-but-also-a-lifestyle-japanese-number-one-kyabajos-expose-their-daily-lives-on-youtube/|access-date=2021-08-27|website=Tokyo Street Style|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804083854/https://www.tss-mag.com/2020/07/a-job-but-also-a-lifestyle-japanese-number-one-kyabajos-expose-their-daily-lives-on-youtube/|archive-date=August 4, 2020|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Choáng với cuộc sống của mẫu nữ kiêm "Geisha số 1 Nhật Bản": Hàng hiệu xa xỉ, thu nhập 44 tỷ/năm, quyết nghỉ hưu ở tuổi 32|url=https://kenh14.vn/choang-voi-cuoc-song-cua-mau-nu-kiem-geisha-so-1-nhat-ban-hang-hieu-xa-xi-thu-nhap-44-ty-nam-quyet-nghi-huu-o-tuoi-32-20200924231717928.chn|work=Kenh14|date=September 25, 2020|access-date=2021-08-27|language=vi}}</ref> *{{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Mago gyaru}} is used to define middle schoolers who follow {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} or {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|kogyaru}} fashion. The phrase literally translates to "grandchild {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}}".<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kawamura|first=Yuniya|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UEfAAAAQBAJ&q=mago&pg=PA52|title=Fashioning Japanese Subcultures|date=2013-08-15|publisher=Berg|isbn=978-0-85785-215-1|language=en}}</ref> It is sometimes referred to as {{lang|ja|中学校}}{{lang|ja|ギャル}} ({{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|chūgakkō gyaru}}, {{Literal translation|junior high school gal}}).<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Goodman|first1=Roger|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kHPXRFLr8uEC&dq=ch%C5%ABgakk%C5%8D%20gyaru&pg=PA73|title=A Sociology of Japanese Youth: From Returnees to NEETs|last2=Imoto|first2=Yuki|last3=Toivonen|first3=Tuukka|date=2012-06-25|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-62427-8|language=en}}</ref> *{{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Neo gyaru}}<ref>{{cite web|date=2015-08-18|title=Neo-Gal Revolution|url=https://www.tss-mag.com/2015/08/neo-gal-revolution/|access-date=2022-01-02|website=Tokyo Street Style|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220102220121/https://www.tss-mag.com/2015/08/neo-gal-revolution/|archive-date=January 2, 2022|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2019-07-20|title=New Gyaru Brand: Fig &Viper - universal-doll.com|url=http://universal-doll.com/2012/02/new-gyaru-brand-fig-viper/|access-date=2021-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720194244/http://universal-doll.com/2012/02/new-gyaru-brand-fig-viper/|archive-date=July 20, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2020-01-21|title=The New gyaru NeoGal Otaku-kei and more|url=http://universal-doll.com/2013/10/conversation-friday-is-the-new-gyaru/|access-date=2021-12-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121032027/http://universal-doll.com/2013/10/conversation-friday-is-the-new-gyaru/|archive-date=January 21, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Japan's Next Big Trend Could Be "Neo Gals"|url=https://kotaku.com/japans-next-big-trend-could-be-neo-gals-1586450677|access-date=2021-08-18|website=Kotaku|date=June 5, 2014|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2018-02-13|title=Tokyo's Newest and Hottest Kamikaze on Japanese Fashion|url=https://www.japannakama.co.uk/neo-gal/|access-date=2021-09-17|website=Japan Nakama|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2020-01-21|title=Neogal Update with Alisa Ueno|url=http://universal-doll.com/2014/07/neogal-update/|access-date=2021-12-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121204935/http://universal-doll.com/2014/07/neogal-update/|archive-date=January 21, 2020}}</ref> was coined for {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} who wanted to revitalize the style during the 2010s during its decline. By the time the style reached popularity and people had noticed its existence, the community of {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} reacted to it differently than expected; what came was an antiquated, radical, and older or more fanatical {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} accustomed to seeing {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} in a different ideal and some have even shunned the style. This reaction can also be connected with the creator of the style and magazine, Alisa Ueno; for the substyle {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|neo gyaru}} magazine being known as ''#N''. This substyle and magazine have received backlash due to use of black, Latino and Hindu culture and culturally exclusive accessories such as the Bindi.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-01-21|title=#N the new Neogal Magazine a review|url=http://universal-doll.com/2015/02/n-new-neogal-magazine/|access-date=2021-12-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121174227/http://universal-doll.com/2015/02/n-new-neogal-magazine/|archive-date=January 21, 2020}}</ref> Yet Alisa Ueno herself has stated in an interview on her own blog that herself, her own brand FIG&VIPER and the style she is representing within that brand have nothing to do with the {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} subculture or fashion as a whole and the style was a probable misconception from magazines and Japanese television programs implying that it was.<ref>{{cite web|date=2015-04-05|title=Interview to Alisa Ueno, about Neo-Gal and FIG&VIPER (first part) {{!}} FASHION COLLECTION from TOKYO {{!}} a web fashion magazine to share and spread the fashion trend and KAWAII in TOKYO.|url=http://fashioncollection.jp/en/news/ueno-alisa-neogal-interview-1st/|access-date=2021-12-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150405032507/http://fashioncollection.jp/en/news/ueno-alisa-neogal-interview-1st/|archive-date=April 5, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2015-04-19|title=Interview to Alisa Ueno, about Neo-Gal and FIG&VIPER (the latter part) {{!}} FASHION COLLECTION from TOKYO {{!}} a web fashion magazine to share and spread the fashion trend and KAWAII in TOKYO.|url=http://fashioncollection.jp/en/news/ueno-alisa-neogal-interview-2nd/|access-date=2021-12-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419083607/http://fashioncollection.jp/en/news/ueno-alisa-neogal-interview-2nd/|archive-date=April 19, 2015}}</ref> Even though she participated in the {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} subculture when she was young, as a model, she has stated in her own blog, 'The fashion has nothing to do with her brand.'<ref>{{cite web|title=Alisa Ueno FIG&VIPER addresses on the {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} backlash|url=https://alisaueno.tumblr.com/post/89018780958/hello-alisa-i-just-wanted-to-hear-your-opinion-on-the|access-date=2021-05-25|website=tumblr}}</ref> But those who were wearing said fashion were not using the same fashion style as before or in its traditional form as a substyle; from its apparel to their makeup. Previous, older and newcomers to the {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} fashion substyle perceived it as not following the traditional {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} look or values of the {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} subculture. To them it seemed more western or even resembling grunge wear<ref>{{Citation|title=Beginner Guide to Gyaru: History of Gal| date=February 12, 2015|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=449s&v=TA5l2FlnHaI|type=video|publisher=Hime Hime Star|language=en|access-date=14 September 2019}}</ref> even though the style may resemble SeaPunk more than the actual grunge fashion it is said to resemble. The makeup was also considerably darker in terms of lipstick and the eyeshadow using more metallic or holographic textures and colors compared to earlier styles of {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} and their use of makeup which did not use these textures. *{{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Seiso gyaru}}<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-01-20|title=Popteen Magazine new style Seiso Gyaru or natural gal|url=http://universal-doll.com/2013/10/popteen-new-gyaru-era-style-breakdown-and-reasons/|access-date=2021-12-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200120183306/http://universal-doll.com/2013/10/popteen-new-gyaru-era-style-breakdown-and-reasons/|archive-date=January 20, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2020-01-21|title=Japanese Female Fashion History and Terms: Seiso|url=http://universal-doll.com/2014/08/japanese-female-fashion-terms-seiso/|access-date=2021-12-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121133930/http://universal-doll.com/2014/08/japanese-female-fashion-terms-seiso/|archive-date=January 21, 2020}}</ref> was coined during the decline of {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} subculture and new {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} looks during the 2010s. The naming of this substyle derives from the Japanese word {{lang|ja|清楚}} ({{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|seiso}}) which in English can be translated as 'neat', 'polished', and 'clean'. This style is also interchangeable with {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|shiro gyaru}} as they were both formed through the resurgence of the Japanese {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|bihaku}} within the {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} subculture.
==Activities== ===Dancing=== A regular pastime for {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} is {{lang|ja|パラパラ}} ({{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|''parapara''}}), a dance performed mostly with hands, arms and legs; with hand, arm movements and gestures with legs going back and forth from left to right. When performed in a group, everyone should be evidently synchronized. It is mostly danced with Eurobeat music or covers of other songs but with the aforementioned Eurobeat remix.
One of the most famous {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|parapara}} songs and its tagline, 'GET WILD & BE SEXY,' is synonymous with {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} culture and was a famous Eurobeat song of the same name, by the group Eurocker-Girlz also abbreviated to E-Girlz.<ref>{{Citation|title=Get Wild & Be Sexy (Extended Mix)|date=November 9, 2018|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J_laterR9sU|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/J_laterR9sU|archive-date=2021-12-21|url-status=live|language=en|access-date=2021-07-22}}{{cbignore}}</ref> There are many songs that can be danced to {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|parapara}}.
===Hobbies=== [[File:Purikura Pen-Sensitive Screen.JPG|thumb|200px|2007 {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|purikura}} stylus pen touchscreen]]
A common {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} hobby is {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Purikura}}, known in Japan as {{lang|ja|プリクラ}}. {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Purikura}} booths are mostly located in the electronic district of Tokyo, Akihabara, where they are a popular activity for both casual {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} enthusiasts and professional {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} models. In addition to being a hobby, {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|purikura}} booths can be used as a way into magazines. Photos taken in these booths are used by magazines to scout for amateur models (who are often readers of these {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} magazines themselves), referred to as {{Nihongo||読者モデル|dokusha moderu}} or {{Nihongo||ドクモモデル|dokumo moderu}} in Japanese.<ref>{{cite web|date=2019-07-28|title=What is Dokumo? About the Reader Model {{!}} Naomi 'N Doll|url=https://www.naomindoll.com/2013/09/what-is-dokumo-about-the-reader-model/|access-date=2021-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728174811/https://www.naomindoll.com/2013/09/what-is-dokumo-about-the-reader-model/|archive-date=July 28, 2019}}</ref> [[File:Decoration Mobile Phone of Omusubi Hakata Gal Unions.jpg|thumb|200px|A display of charmed or {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|decoden}} flip phones]]{{Nihongo||デコ電|Decoden}}, also known as {{Nihongo||携帯芸術|keitai}} art, is another {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|''gyaru''}}-associated hobby. {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Decoden}} is a compound of 'deco', a shortened form of decorative and 'den', a shortening of {{Nihongo|2=電話|3=denwa|4=|phone}}. Originating in Japan, {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|decoden}} involves the decoration of mobile phones and other electronic devices with materials such as acrylic, rhinestones, Swarovski crystals, silicone, and polymer clay. {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Denwa}} decoration is often ostentatious and makes use of 3D motifs as well as media influences. Though older {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|decoden}} were glued onto the electronic devices themselves; newer ones such as smartphones are most likely to use cases to display {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|decoden}}.
A Western example of {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|decoden}} can be understood through the earlier American product of the Bedazzler. Another collectors type hobby a {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} might have is having substantial amount of mobile phone charms in their possession to accessorize their mobile phones. Also {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|decoden}} has also been used for events. Acer Inc. held a {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|decoden}} contest for the release of their Acer Aspire One netbook laptops in 2009. The contest involved three contestants presenting their respective {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|decoden}} designs for the netbooks in addition to a popularity poll.<ref>{{Citation|title=ももえりデザインのきらきらノートPC|date=March 25, 2009|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZWPhy-xstzc|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719171200/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZWPhy-xstzc|archive-date=July 19, 2021|url-status=dead|language=ja|type=video|access-date=2021-07-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=asahi.com（朝日新聞社）：きらきらノートＰＣ、原宿のカフェなどに展示 - 動画|url=https://www.asahi.com/video/digital/TKY200903260151.html|access-date=2025-05-10|website=www.asahi.com}}</ref>
===Events and meetings=== thumb|A group of {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}}, probably a {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} circle A group of {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} who regularly assemble is called a {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} circle or a {{Nihongo||ギャルサークル|gyarusākuru}}, but can also be shortened to {{Nihongo||ギャルサー|gyarusā}}. {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Gyarusā}} vary by their members' gender, fashion style, region of origin, and age. There are two types of circles: {{Nihongo||ナゴサー|nagosā}}, which comes from the Japanese {{Nihongo||和み|nagomi}}, are small groups that base their meetings around casual gatherings. These gatherings can consist of clubbing, karaoke, {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|purikura}}, going out to eat at fast food chains or restaurants, and flaunting their outfits to one another.<ref>{{cite web|date=2021-07-12|title=Gyaru Circles: The Real Deal|url=https://ohnoesdani.com/2019/10/06/gyaru-circles-the-real-deal/|access-date=2022-04-18|website=ohnoesdani.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712145456/https://ohnoesdani.com/2019/10/06/gyaru-circles-the-real-deal/|archive-date=12 July 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref> And {{Nihongo||イベサー|ibesā}}, which plan, host, and have events with each other. These events can be huge concerts such as "Campus Summit";<ref>{{Cite web|title=Campus Summit 2013 Pictures – Gyaru Fashion & Culture in Shibuya|url=https://tokyofashion.com/campus-summit-pictures-gyaru-fashion-13/|access-date=26 August 2013|website=tokyofashion}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-12-18|title=Campus Summit 2013: Japanese Fashion Show In Tokyo|url=https://www.reformatt.com/blog/campus-summit-2013|access-date=2024-11-10|website=Reformatt.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=makoto|title=Campus summitについて {{!}} ギャルチャー|url=https://galture.com/event/campus-summit.html|access-date=2025-07-04|website=galture.com|language=ja}}</ref> which is a festival for {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyarus}}. The term {{Nihongo||イベ|ibe}} comes from the Japanese word {{Nihongo||イベント|ibento|{{lit|events}}}}. A {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyarusā}} is also known as a {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} unit.
One of the most famous {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyarusā}} groups is Angeleek, which consisted of at least twelve members who predominantly wore {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|ganguro}}. They have been promoted repeatedly in ''egg'' magazine and on national Japanese television. Another prominent {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyarusā}} in the same district of Tokyo is Shibuya's НЯК, also known by their Japanese {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyarusā}} name, {{Lang|ja|渋谷ギャルサー 「НЯК」}}. It boasted Shibuya's largest {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyarusā}}, with over a thousand members. As of 2021, Nachu, the leader of this {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyarusā}}, still has a website.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-21|title=Japanese Gal Shodo Artist -Nachu- Official Website --Profile|url=http://www.nachu-shodo.com/profile_en.html|access-date=2024-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121225532/http://www.nachu-shodo.com/profile_en.html|archive-date=January 21, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Japanese Gal Shodo Artist -Nachu- Official Website --Profile|url=http://www.nachu-shodo.com/profile_en.html|access-date=2021-07-03|website=www.nachu-shodo.com}}</ref> ''НЯК'' has also made their own music.<ref>{{Citation|title=GLORY・・・海外のギャルサーからも人気沸騰中！| date=April 13, 2010 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H87_27GL3Ew |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/H87_27GL3Ew |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|language=ja|type=video|access-date=2021-07-03}}{{cbignore}}</ref> {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Gyarusā}} have seen a revival as of the 2010s with the creation of the newer group, ''Black Diamond''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tokyofashion.com/gyaru-japan-black-diamond-gals-kuro-gyaru-subculture/|title=Gyaru United: Japan's Black Diamond Gals Champion a Kuro Gyaru Subculture Revival|date=November 24, 2012|website=Tokyo Fashion News|access-date=20 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Outrageous Japanese Fashion Wants To Go Global|url=https://kotaku.com/outrageous-japanese-fashion-wants-to-go-global-510246927|access-date=2021-08-08|website=Kotaku|date=May 29, 2013 |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2020-05-11|title=Black Diamond|url=https://the-comm.online/blog/black-diamond/|access-date=2021-07-12|website=The COMM|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=【ガングロギャル】 Ganguro GAL in SHIBUYA!|date=April 24, 2019|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8rewgfIEaNA|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/8rewgfIEaNA |archive-date=2021-12-21|url-status=live|language=en|type=video|access-date=2021-11-17}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=ITO|first=Hitomi|title=What is 'Gal' Style? Erimokkori, the Last 'Ganguro Gal' with True Gal Spirit {{!}} Fragments|url=http://www.fragmentsmag.com/en/2017/05/ganguro-erimokkori/|access-date=2021-12-06|language=en-US}}</ref>
===Cafés=== {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Gyaru}} have their own themed cafés. Similar to maid cafés, waitresses wear {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} attire and exhibit exaggerated personas in addition to other {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}}-themed rituals. For instance, a general rule in {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} cafés is the prohibition of {{Nihongo|polite honorific speech|敬語|keigo}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=No Polite Japanese Please! Get Closer to Gyaru Culture at 10sion in Shibuya|url=http://tokyogirlsupdate.com/guide/10sion-gyaru-cafe|access-date=2021-09-29|website=Japanese kawaii idol music culture news {{!}} Tokyo Girls Update|date=August 2015|language=en}}</ref> Other {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} cafés, such as galcafé 10sion,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.galcafe.tokyo/|title=GalCafé 10sion official website|website=galcafe.tokyo|access-date=26 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Have a Drink With Gyaru at the Gyaru Café|url=https://gowithguide.com/blog/havedrinkgyaru-gyaru-cafe-236|access-date=2021-10-05|website=Have a Drink With Gyaru at the Gyaru Café|language=en}}</ref> offer services such as the chance to wear {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} makeup or receive a full {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} makeover.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.japantravel.com/tokyo/gal-cafe-10sion-in-shibuya/3326|title=GalCafé 10sion travel guide|website=japantravel.com|date=December 16, 2012 |access-date=26 May 2021}}</ref> Another notable café targeted towards the {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} subculture is Beauty Café by GirlsAward. Created by the prominent fashion event GirlsAward, this café employs {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} {{Nihongo|reader models|読者モデル|dokusha moderu}} as an additional draw.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gyaru, dokusha "reader" model cafe & bar Beauty Cafe by GirlsAward opens in Shibuya|url=https://www.japantrends.com/gyaru-dokusha-reader-model-cafe-bar-beauty-cafe-by-girlsaward-opens-in-shibuya/|access-date=2021-08-09|website=Japan Trends|language=en-US}}</ref>
The {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Ganguro|italics=no}} Café in Shibuya, once the home of the {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} and {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|ganguro}} style, was closed in July 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.japantrends.com/gyaru-fashion-subculture-ganguro-cafe-shibuya-close-july/|title=Gyaru fashion subculture tribute space Ganguro Cafe in Shibuya to close in July|website=Japan Trends|access-date=14 September 2019}}</ref>
==Related media== [[File:Shibuya 109 in Harbour City 2016.jpg|thumb|200px|Shibuya 109 in 2016, Rady store front at the time]]
===Clothing brands=== Sources:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://universal-doll.com/2013/05/gyaru-university-japanese-gyaru-clothing-brands/|title=Japanese Gyaru Clothing Brands|date=February 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222232507/http://universal-doll.com/2013/05/gyaru-university-japanese-gyaru-clothing-brands/|archive-date=February 22, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-09|title=Guide: Gyaru brands|url=https://ohnoesdani.com/2019/09/04/gyaru-brands-you-should-know-about-probably-do/|access-date=2022-04-18|website=ohnoesdani.com|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210710234833/https://ohnoesdani.com/2019/09/04/gyaru-brands-you-should-know-about-probably-do/|archive-date=10 July 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ファッションの通販ならSHIBUYA109ネットショッピング |url=http://e-shop.shibuya109.jp/webshop70/main |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110424025107/http://e-shop.shibuya109.jp/webshop70/main |archive-date=2011-04-24 |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=e-shop.shibuya109.jp |language=en}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=10em}} *Alba Rosa<ref>{{Cite web|last=makoto|title=ALBAROSA(アルバローザ){{!}} ギャルチャー|url=https://galture.com/brand/albarosa.html|access-date=2025-11-11|website=galture.com|language=ja}}</ref> *ANAP<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.anapnet.com/|title=ANAP defunct online store|access-date=2023-03-10|archive-date=1 December 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051201010827/http://www.anapnet.com/|language=ja}}</ref> *Ank Rouge<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ankrouge.jp/|title=Ank Rouge defunct online store|access-date=2023-03-10|archive-date=17 September 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100917061607/http://ankrouge.jp/ |language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=makoto|title=Ank Rouge(アンクルージュ){{!}} ギャルチャー|url=https://galture.com/brand/ankrouge.html|access-date=2025-11-11|website=galture.com|language=ja}}</ref> *Aqua Blue *Ash & Diamonds<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ashanddiamonds.com/|title=Ash and Diamonds defunct online store|access-date=2023-03-10|archive-date=16 July 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080716202100/http://www.ashanddiamonds.com/|language=ja}}</ref> *AVIRAPINK *Baby Doll *Baby Shoop<ref>{{Cite web|date=2005-05-25|title=SHOOP TOP|url=http://www.shoop.co.jp/index.html |access-date=2024-01-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050525030927/http://www.shoop.co.jp/index.html|archive-date=May 25, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-01-09|title=baby Shoop|url=http://www.baby-shoop.com/|access-date=2024-01-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160109143502/http://www.baby-shoop.com/|archive-date=January 9, 2016}}</ref> *Backs *Banana Chips *Banana Seven *Barak *Batsu Studio *Betty blue love *Black Flame *Black Peach *Black Queen *BLUE CROSS SPICY GIRLS Label *BLUE CRUSH *Blue Moon Blue<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.b-m-b.com/|title=Blue Moon Blue defunct online store|access-date=2023-03-10|archive-date=4 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104122904/http://www.b-m-b.com/|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ブルームーンブルー公式オンラインショップ・通販{{!}}BLUE MOON BLUE ONLINESHOP|url=http://www.b-m-b.jp/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115033102/http://www.b-m-b.jp/|archive-date=2013-01-15|access-date=2025-06-20|website=www.b-m-b.jp}}</ref> *Buzz Spunky *Cecil McBee<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apparelresources.com/business-news/retail/japanese-apparel-brand-cecil-mcbee-shut-stores/|title=Japanese Apparel Brand Cecil McBee shut stores|website=apparelresources.com|date=July 23, 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Retail/Fashion-brand-Cecil-McBee-to-close-all-stores|title=Fashion brand Cecil McBee closes to all|website=Asia Nikkei}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2020/08/01/national/media-national/clothing-retailers-coronavirus/|title=Clothing retailers coronavirus|website=japantimes.co.jp|date=August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tss-mag.com/2020/08/cecil-mcbee-brand-closes-its-physical-stores-due-to-coronavirus/|title=Cecil McBee brand closes its physical stores due to coronavirus|website=tss-mag.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001211906/https://www.tss-mag.com/2020/08/cecil-mcbee-brand-closes-its-physical-stores-due-to-coronavirus/|archive-date=October 1, 2020|date=August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cecilmcbee.jp/|title=Cecil McBee defunct online store|access-date=2023-03-10|archive-date=13 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413133245/http://www.cecilmcbee.jp/ |language=ja}}</ref> *Celes cross *CHIARA *Chu XXX *CLOUD72 Denim *Cocobongo *COCO*LULU<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tokyofashion.com/cocolulu/|title=Cocolulu – Tokyo Fashion|website=tokyofashion.com|access-date=2019-09-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.exiv.co.jp/|title=COCO*LULU defunct webstore|website=exiv.co.jp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061230181555/http://www.exiv.co.jp/|access-date=2021-11-25|archive-date=December 30, 2006|language=ja}}</ref> *Comfilax *Corn flake *CRAZY TRIBE *Dat *DaTuRa<ref>{{cite web|url=http://universal-doll.com/2014/12/datura-won-oneegyaru-winter-plus-shop-staff-snap/|title=Datura Japanese brand fashion Oneegyaru style|last=Mitsu|date=December 14, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150104013603/http://universal-doll.com/2014/12/datura-won-oneegyaru-winter-plus-shop-staff-snap/|access-date=26 May 2021|archive-date=January 4, 2015}}</ref> *Delyle Noir *D.I.A. *Dia star *Diavlo<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.diavlo.jp/|title=diavlo defunct online store|access-date=2023-03-09|archive-date=2 March 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070302191602/http://www.diavlo.jp/ |language=ja}}</ref> *DURAS *EarthMagic *Egoist *Emoda *EmiriaWiz *ENVYM *Esperanza *FIG&VIPER *Fantasia (jeans) *Galaxxxy<ref>{{cite web|url=http://galaxxxy.jugem.jp/|title=galaxxxy defunct online store|website=galaxxxy.jugem.jp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080701083750/http://galaxxxy.jugem.jp/|access-date=13 December 2021|archive-date=July 1, 2008|language=ja}}</ref> *GALEO *GALSTAR *GALSVILLE *Garula *Ghost of Harlem *Glad News<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gladnews.jp/|title=Glad News defunct online store|access-date=2023-03-09|archive-date=September 27, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927180814/http://www.gladnews.jp/|language=ja|url-status=live}}</ref> *Glamorous Jane *Glavil TutuHA<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tokyofashion.com/brands/glavil-by-tutuha/|title=TokyoFashion brands: Glavil by TutuHA|website=tokyofashion.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://tokyofashion.com/brands/tutuha/|title=TokyoFashion brands: TutuHA|website=tokyofashion.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://lilimpark.jp/pc/index.php?cid=&m=|title=Glavil TutuHA defunct online store|access-date=2023-03-10|archive-date=25 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525223216/http://lilimpark.jp/pc/index.php?cid=&m=|language=ja}}</ref> *goa (by bells) *GOLDS Infinity<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goldsinfinity.com/index.html|title=Golds Infinity defunct website|website=goldsinfinity.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131008061438/http://www.goldsinfinity.com/index.html|language=ja|access-date=2021-11-25|archive-date=October 8, 2013}}</ref> *Grasshopper *GYDA *h.ANARCHY *HbG *HEAVEN AND EARTH *HYSTERIC GLAMOUR *HYSTERIC MINI *Ingni *INGNI First *Jackrose *Jassie *Jesus Diamante<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jesusdiamante.com/|title=Jesus Diamante defunct online store|access-date=2023-03-10|archive-date=2 March 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040302123322/http://www.jesusdiamante.com/|language=ja}}</ref> *Jerry Girl<ref>{{Cite web |date=2005-10-24 |title=Jerry Girl|url=http://www.jerrygirl.com/|access-date=2024-07-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051024013109/http://www.jerrygirl.com/|archive-date=October 24, 2005 }}</ref> *JSG *Jungle roco *Jury Black<ref>{{cite web|url=http://juryblack.shop-pro.jp/|title=Jury Black defunct online store|access-date=2023-03-09|archive-date=14 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150814120411/http://juryblack.shop-pro.jp/|language=ja}}</ref> *Kartica Blue *KINGDOM *Kiss Kiss<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kisskiss.ne.jp/|title=Kiss Kiss defunct online store|access-date=2023-03-09|archive-date=2 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902052729/http://kisskiss.ne.jp/ |language=ja}}</ref> *kotetu black sheep *La Carte<ref>{{Cite web|title=La Carte|url=http://www.lacarte-co.com/|access-date=2025-05-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010404064945/http://www.lacarte-co.com/|archive-date=2001-04-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ラカルト|url=http://www.lacarte-co.com/l_top/l_top.html|access-date=2025-05-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021201092754/http://www.lacarte-co.com/l_top/l_top.html|archive-date=December 1, 2002|url-status=live}}</ref> *LAGUNA BEACH DENIM *Laguna Moon *La Pafait<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.la-pafait.jp/|title=La Pafait defunct online store|access-date=2023-03-10|archive-date=June 12, 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040612082851/http://www.la-pafait.jp/|language=ja|url-status=live}}</ref> *LB-03 *LDS *Lien *Lip Service *Liz Lisa Doll *Love Boat *Love girls market<ref>{{Cite web|title=LOVEGIRLSMARKET|url=http://www.lovegirlsmarket.jp/lgm.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060206033520/http://www.lovegirlsmarket.jp/lgm.html|archive-date=2006-02-06|access-date=2025-06-22|website=www.lovegirlsmarket.jp}}</ref> *LOVE JUNKIE *Lolita jeans *Luxe Rose *MAD PUNKS *MADSTAR *MAJORENA *MAISON GILFY *MA*RS<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ec-saja.jp/mars/index.cfm|title=MA*RS defunct webstore|website=ec-saja.jp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080723175644/http://www.ec-saja.jp/mars/index.cfm|access-date=25 November 2021|archive-date=July 23, 2008|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://lilimpark.jp/pc/index.php?cid=&m=|title=MA*RS defunct online store|access-date=2023-03-10|archive-date=25 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525223216/http://lilimpark.jp/pc/index.php?cid=&m=|language=ja}}</ref> *MarpleQ *MAXGIRL *Mayhem *Me Jane<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lilimpark.jp/pc/index.php?cid=&m=|title=Me Jane defunct online store|access-date=2023-03-10|archive-date=25 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525223216/http://lilimpark.jp/pc/index.php?cid=&m=|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2006-03-08|title=me Jane WEB-STAGE|url=http://www.mejane.co.jp/|access-date=2024-01-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060308153443/http://www.mejane.co.jp/|archive-date=March 8, 2006}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=【me Jane WEB-STAGE】|url=http://www.mejane.co.jp/index2.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050708003555/http://www.mejane.co.jp/index2.html|archive-date=2005-07-08|access-date=2026-02-28|website=www.mejane.co.jp}}</ref> *Miauler Mew *Michell Macaron *Midas *Milkiss *Moussy *MURUA *My favorite tiara *My tane *Ollinkari *One spo *Oneway *Parfereine *Pasta denim *PEAK&PINE *Penderie *PINK.B JEANS *Pink Latte<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pinklatte.net/|title=Pink Latte defunct website|website=pinklatte.net|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100611210029/http://pinklatte.net/|archive-date=June 11, 2010|language=ja}}</ref> *PINK MIX *Pinky Girls *Planet blue island *POMONA KISS *Pops lemon *Princess Melody<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lilimpark.jp/pc/index.php?cid=&m=|title=Princess Melody defunct online store|access-date=2023-03-10|archive-date=25 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525223216/http://lilimpark.jp/pc/index.php?cid=&m=|language=ja}}</ref> *Pumpkin *Pure Jolly *Question Mark<ref>{{Cite web|title=Question Mark|url=http://www.questionmark-co.com/|access-date=2025-05-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040225163219/http://www.questionmark-co.com/|archive-date=2004-02-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Question Mark defunct website|url=http://www.questionmark-co.com/q_top/q_top.html|access-date=2025-05-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011024073048/http://www.questionmark-co.com/q_top/q_top.html|archive-date=2001-10-24}}</ref> *R&E Rosessence *Rady *RayAlice *Rebecca Bonbon *RED PEPPER (JEANS) *RESEXXY *Rich hearts *Rienda *Roco nails *Rodeo Crowns *RONI *Rosa cheri *Rose fan fan<ref>{{Cite web|date=2005-12-20|title=Rose Fan Fan|url=http://www.rff.jp/pc/main.html|access-date=2024-01-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051220113425/http://www.rff.jp/pc/main.html|archive-date=December 20, 2005}}</ref> *Rosy Future *Rote rosa *Ruby rose *SBY *Sex Pot Revenge *Shake Shake<ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-07-24|title=SHAKE SHAKE|url=http://shake2.jp/pc/|access-date=2024-01-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724143425/http://shake2.jp/pc/|archive-date=July 24, 2010}}</ref> *Sister Jenni *Sirmione *Skinny Lip *SLANGY *SLY *Sliver Bullet *Smiley face *Sneep Dip *Snidel *Spiral Girl *STRIP CABARET *Sugar gloss *SuzyQ *Teens Ever *Titty&Co *THIRTEEN XIII (Japan) *TRALALA<ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-01-07|title=TRALALA|url=http://tralala-net.com/index2.html|access-date=2025-04-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070107141622/http://tralala-net.com/index2.html|archive-date=January 7, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-12-18|title=TRALALA|url=http://tralala-net.com/index.html|access-date=2024-02-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111218035752/http://tralala-net.com/index.html|archive-date=December 18, 2011}}</ref> *ValenTine's High *Vanquish *Vence *Vice Fairy *Vida Roseo *Wakatsuki Chinatsu<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wakatsuki-chinatsu-wc.jp/|title=WC defunct webstore|website=wakatsuki-chinatsu-wc.jp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091209034451/http://wakatsuki-chinatsu-wc.jp/|language=ja|access-date=25 November 2021|archive-date=December 9, 2009}}</ref> *Wild Party *Xfrm *Yumetenbou<ref>{{Cite web|title=楽天市場】夢展望-雑誌掲載ワンピース・スーツを今すぐ購入!!|url=http://www.rakuten.ne.jp/gold/dreamv/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120101000742/http://www.rakuten.ne.jp/gold/dreamv/|archive-date=2012-01-01|access-date=2025-06-20|website=www.rakuten.ne.jp}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2006-02-11|title=Yumetenbou|url=http://www.dreamvs.jp/site/index.html|access-date=2025-05-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060211041208/http://www.dreamvs.jp/site/index.html |archive-date=2006-02-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-04-20|title=夢展望株式会社-会社情報-|url=http://www.dreamv.co.jp/?h=0&c=index|access-date=2025-05-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100420220125/http://www.dreamv.co.jp/?h=0&c=index|archive-date=2010-04-20}}</ref> *Zazou {{div col end}}
===Magazines=== Sources:<ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-08-03|title=女性ファッション誌の分類・分析2007|url=https://elastic.seesaa.net/article/435883443.html|access-date=2022-09-25|website=elastic.seesaa.net|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-08-03|title=''gyaru'' magazine encyclopedia|url=http://universal-doll.com/2013/03/gyaru-magazine-encyclopedia/|access-date=2022-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221081225/http://universal-doll.com/2013/03/gyaru-magazine-encyclopedia/|archive-date=February 21, 2020|language=en}}</ref>
{{Div col|colwidth=10em}} *''AIR-GROUP!!'' *''AneAgeha''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/aneageha.html|title=AneAgeha (アネアゲハ) - 女性ファッション雑誌ガイド|language=ja|publisher=Magazine data|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007204921/https://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/aneageha.html|access-date=2 July 2021|archive-date=October 7, 2011}}</ref> *''Ane Coco'' *''BB Gals'' *''BETTY''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/betty.html|title=Betty|language=ja|publisher=Magazine data|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100101225705/https://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/betty.html|access-date=2 July 2021|archive-date=January 1, 2010}}</ref> *''BLENDA''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/blenda.html|title=Blenda (ブレンダ) - 女性ファッション雑誌ガイド|language=ja|publisher=Magazine data|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929125243/http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/blenda.html|access-date=2 July 2021|archive-date=September 29, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=女性ファッション雑誌 BLENDA - ブレンダ/レディース ファッション 東京|url=http://www.l-f-tokyo.com/magazine/blenda/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614071019/http://www.l-f-tokyo.com/magazine/blenda/|archive-date=2011-06-14|access-date=2026-03-29|website=www.l-f-tokyo.com}}</ref> *''Blenda Black''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/blendablack.html|title=Blenda Black (ブレンダブラック) - 女性ファッション雑誌ガイド|language=ja|publisher=Magazine data|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405134338/https://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/blendablack.html|access-date=2 July 2021|archive-date=April 5, 2012}}</ref> *''BOY'S KNUCKLE'' *''Boy's Hunter'' *''CANDy''<ref>{{Cite web|title=CANDy (キャンディ - 休刊) - 女性ファッション雑誌ガイド|url=http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/candy.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130711032935/http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/candy.html|archive-date=July 11, 2013|access-date=2025-10-08|website=www.magazine-data.com|language=ja|url-status=live}}</ref> *''Canp'' *''Cawaii!''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/cawaii.html|title=Cawaii!|language=ja|publisher=Magazine data|access-date=29 September 2021}}</ref> *''Celeb JELLY'' *''Chum'' *''Coco'' *''Deco & Deco''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/decoanddeco.html|title=Deco & deco|website=magazine-data|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116062544/http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/decoanddeco.html|language=ja|access-date=7 June 2024|archive-date=January 16, 2013}}</ref> *''Decolog Paper''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/decologpaper.html|title=Decolg Paper|website=magazine-data|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628005037/https://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/decologpaper.html|language=ja|access-date=2 July 2021|archive-date=June 28, 2011}}</ref> *''Decolog Paper Snaps.'' *''Deco Puri'' *''DECO Remake'' *''Deco Rich'' *''Deco Venus'' *''DiaDaisy'' *''DoCoMo Girls Style'' *''EDGE STYLE''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/edgestyle.html|title=Edge Style|website=magazine-data|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111104200603/https://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/edgestyle.html|language=ja|access-date=2 July 2021|archive-date=November 4, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=女性ファッション雑誌 EDGE STYLE - エッジ スタイル/レディース ファッション 東京|url=http://www.l-f-tokyo.com/magazine/edgestyle/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614130814/http://www.l-f-tokyo.com/magazine/edgestyle/|archive-date=2011-06-14|access-date=2026-03-29|website=www.l-f-tokyo.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-06-08|title=New 'gyaru' magazine hits bookshelves|url=https://japantoday.com/category/entertainment/new-gyaru-magazine-hits-bookshelves-this-week|access-date=2025-11-17|website=Japan Today|language=en}}</ref> *''egg''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/egg.html|title=egg|website=magazine-data|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926100550/http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/egg.html|language=ja|access-date=2 July 2021|archive-date=September 26, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.japantrends.com/gyaru-magazine-egg-closes-is-gyaru-fashion-culture-on-the-way-out/|title=Gyaru magazine egg closes is gyaru fashion culture on the way out|website=japantrends|language=en|access-date=9 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2018/07/22/style/now-thats-ironic-untrendy-fashion-trends/|title=Now thats ironic untrendy fashion trends egg is back|website=japantimes|date=July 22, 2018|language=en|access-date=9 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://aramajapan.com/news/fashionnews/iconic-gyaru-magazine-egg-back/85465/|title=Iconic gyaru magazine egg back|website=aramajapan|date=February 16, 2018|language=en|access-date=16 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=女性ファッション雑誌 egg - エッグ/レディース ファッション 東京|url=http://www.l-f-tokyo.com/magazine/egg/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614150228/http://www.l-f-tokyo.com/magazine/egg/|archive-date=2011-06-14|access-date=2026-03-29|website=www.l-f-tokyo.com}}</ref> *''egg furisode'' *''egg's Beauty''<ref>{{Cite web|title=egg's beauty (エッグズ・ビューティー) - 女性ファッション雑誌ガイド|url=http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/eggsbeauty.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111103123752/http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/eggsbeauty.html|archive-date=2011-11-03|access-date=2026-03-28|website=www.magazine-data.com|language=ja}}</ref> *''egg's Room'' *''Ego System'' *''ES POSHH!''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/esposhh.html|title=ES POSHH!|website=magazine-data|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115035846/https://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/esposhh.html|language=ja|access-date=2 July 2021|archive-date=January 15, 2013}}</ref> *''FOXY egg'' *''Gal's beauty school''<ref>{{Cite web|title=gal's beauty (ギャルズビューティ) - 女性ファッション雑誌ガイド|url=http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/galsbeauty.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111104233530/http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/galsbeauty.html|archive-date=2011-11-04|access-date=2026-03-28|website=www.magazine-data.com|language=ja}}</ref> *''GALMORI''<ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-09-13|title=GALMORI (ヘアメイク) - 女性ファッション雑誌ガイド|url=http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/galmori.html|access-date=2025-04-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100913072757/http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/galmori.html|archive-date=September 13, 2010}}</ref> *''gal's Oops!'' *''GAL'S UP! Charisma Style'' *''Getton☆'' *''Girly GAL'S Beauty''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Girly GAL’S beauty (ガーリーギャルズビューティ) - 女性ファッション雑誌ガイド|url=http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/girlygalsbeauty.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111105041244/http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/girlygalsbeauty.html|archive-date=2011-11-05|access-date=2026-03-28|website=www.magazine-data.com|language=ja}}</ref> *''Girls party'' *''GLAMOROUS''<ref>{{Cite web|title=GLAMOROUS (グラマラス) - 女性ファッション雑誌ガイド|url=https://magazine-data.com/women-magazine/glamorous.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100927083249/https://magazine-data.com/women-magazine/glamorous.html|archive-date=2010-09-27|access-date=2026-03-28|website=magazine-data.com|language=ja}}</ref> *''GLAMOROUS Mama''<ref>{{Cite web|title=GLAMAMA (グラママ) - 女性ファッション雑誌ガイド|url=http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/glamama.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120511092314/http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/glamama.html|archive-date=2012-05-11|access-date=2026-03-28|website=www.magazine-data.com|language=ja}}</ref> *''GLiA''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/glia.html|title=GLiA|website=magazine-data|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930091254/http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/glia.html|language=ja|access-date=7 February 2022|archive-date=September 30, 2011}}</ref> *''GORGEOUS Hair''<ref>{{Cite web|title=ゴージャスヘア (GORGEOUS Hair) - 女性ファッション雑誌ガイド|url=http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/gorgeoushair.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111103124134/http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/gorgeoushair.html|archive-date=2011-11-03|access-date=2026-03-28|website=www.magazine-data.com|language=ja}}</ref> *''GRP Presents BEAUTY BiBLE'' *''Happie'' *''Happie Nuts''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/happienuts.html|title=Happie Nuts|website=magazine-data|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504012256/https://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/happienuts.html|language=ja|access-date=2 July 2021|archive-date=May 4, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.japantrends.com/relaunched-gyaru-magazine-happie-nuts-closes-again/|title=Relaunched gyaru magazine Happie Nuts closes again|website=japantrends|language=en|access-date=9 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tss-mag.com/2020/03/gyaru-boom-nuts-magazine-is-back/|title=Gyaru boom nuts magazine is back|website=tss-mag|date=March 2, 2020|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026004525/https://www.tss-mag.com/2020/03/gyaru-boom-nuts-magazine-is-back/|archive-date=October 26, 2020|access-date=4 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=女性ファッション雑誌 Happie nuts - ハピー ナッツ/レディース ファッション 東京|url=http://www.l-f-tokyo.com/magazine/happienuts/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614163736/http://www.l-f-tokyo.com/magazine/happienuts/|archive-date=2011-06-14|access-date=2026-03-29|website=www.l-f-tokyo.com}}</ref> *''Hair Make Nuts''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/hairmakenuts.html|title=Hair Make Nuts|website=magazine-data|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116062351/https://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/hairmakenuts.html|language=ja|access-date=2 July 2021|archive-date=January 16, 2013}}</ref> *''Hana*chu→''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hana*chu→ (ハナチュー - 休刊) - 女性ファッション雑誌ガイド|url=http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/hanachu.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115224623/http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/hanachu.html|archive-date=2013-01-15|access-date=2026-03-28|website=www.magazine-data.com|language=ja}}</ref> *''Heart Candy'' *''Hime!'' *''Hime deco ROSÉ'' *''Hime nail'' *''Hime Style'' *''HIP☆(star) hair''<ref>{{Cite web|title=HIP☆Star hair (ヒップスターヘア) - 女性ファッション雑誌ガイド|url=http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/hipstarhair.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111103124336/http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/hipstarhair.html|archive-date=2011-11-03|access-date=2026-03-28|website=www.magazine-data.com|language=ja}}</ref> *''HONEY Girl''<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-03-15|title=HONEY girl (ハニーガール - 休刊) - 女性ファッション雑誌ガイド|url=http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/honeygirl.html|access-date=2025-05-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315070926/http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/honeygirl.html|archive-date=2015-03-15}}</ref> *''HOST KNUCKLE''<ref>{{Cite web|title=HOST KNUCKLE (ホストナックル) - メンズファッション雑誌ガイド|url=http://www.magazine-data.com/magazine/hostknuckle.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006123952/http://www.magazine-data.com/magazine/hostknuckle.html|archive-date=2011-10-06|access-date=2025-07-04|website=www.magazine-data.com|language=ja}}</ref> *''I LOVE mama''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/ilovemama.html|title=I Love Mama|website=magazine-data|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504011752/https://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/ilovemama.html|language=ja|access-date=2 July 2021|archive-date=May 4, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tss-mag.com/2021/11/reissue-of-the-magazine-for-mom-i-love-mama-koisute-aoki-nanoka-egg-seina-and-other-models-announced/|title=Reissue of the magazine I Love Mama|website=tss-mag|date=November 9, 2021|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204212431/https://www.tss-mag.com/2021/11/reissue-of-the-magazine-for-mom-i-love-mama-koisute-aoki-nanoka-egg-seina-and-other-models-announced/|archive-date=December 4, 2021|access-date=4 December 2021}}</ref> *''JELLY''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/jelly.html|title=Jelly|website=magazine-data|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926102538/http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/jelly.html|language=ja|access-date=2 July 2021|archive-date=September 26, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=女性ファッション雑誌 JELLY - ジェリ��/レディース ファッション 東京|url=http://www.l-f-tokyo.com/magazine/jelly/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614121716/http://www.l-f-tokyo.com/magazine/jelly/|archive-date=2011-06-14|access-date=2026-03-29|website=www.l-f-tokyo.com}}</ref> *''JK egg''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/jkegg.html|title=JK egg|website=magazine-data|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115225015/http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/jkegg.html|language=ja|access-date=7 June 2024|archive-date=January 15, 2013}}</ref> *''Kantan! perfect nail art catalog 250'' *''KATY''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/katy.html|title=Katy|website=magazine-data|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120723071731/https://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/katy.html|language=ja|access-date=2 July 2021|archive-date=July 23, 2012}}</ref> *''KiLaLa'' *''Kinjus'' *''KiraJob'' *''KiraKira Hair''<ref>{{Cite web|title=キラキラHair (きらきらへあー) - 女性ファッション雑誌ガイド|url=http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/kirakirahair.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100415145322/http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/kirakirahair.html|archive-date=2010-04-15|access-date=2026-03-28|website=www.magazine-data.com|language=ja}}</ref> *''Kireni Yaseru! (Happie) Nuts'' *''Koakuma Ageha''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/ageha.html|title=Ageha|website=magazine-data|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120511105449/https://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/ageha.html|language=ja|access-date=2 July 2021|archive-date=May 11, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=女性ファッション雑誌 小悪魔 ageha - アゲハ/レディース ファッション 東京|url=http://www.l-f-tokyo.com/magazine/ageha/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614153601/http://www.l-f-tokyo.com/magazine/ageha/|archive-date=2011-06-14|access-date=2026-03-29|website=www.l-f-tokyo.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.japantrends.com/hostess-culture-magazine-koakuma-ageha-closes-down/|title=Hostess culture magazine Koakuma Ageha closes down|website=japantrends|language=en|access-date=9 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.japantrends.com/discontinued-hostess-magazine-koakuma-ageha-returns/|title=Discontinued hostess magazine Koakuma Ageha returns|website=japantrends|language=en|access-date=9 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tss-mag.com/2021/06/koakuma-ageha-in-magazine-for-the-first-time-in-15-years-with-a-new-editor-in-chief-rie-momose/|title=Koakuma Ageha in magazine for the first time in 15 years with a new editor in-chief|website=tss-mag|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614132817/https://www.tss-mag.com/2021/06/koakuma-ageha-in-magazine-for-the-first-time-in-15-years-with-a-new-editor-in-chief-rie-momose/|archive-date=June 14, 2021|access-date=11 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://soranews24.com/2015/03/12/good-times-for-gyaru-fashion-bible-koakuma-ageha-is-back/|title=Good times for gyaru – Fashion "bible" Koakuma Ageha is back!|website=SoraNews24|date=March 12, 2015|language=en|access-date=28 September 2021}}</ref> *''Koakuma GOLDS infinity'' *''Koakuma Hair arrangement compact Bible'' *''Koakuma MUSEE'' *''Koakuma & Nuts'' *''(Happie nuts) Love&nuts'' *''Love Berry'' *''LOVEggg''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.magazine-data.com/topics/loveggg20180417.html|title=LOVEggg article|website=magazine-data|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190112200034/https://www.magazine-data.com/topics/loveggg20180417.html|language=ja|access-date=31 July 2021|archive-date=January 12, 2019}}</ref> *''Luna Hime Style'' *''Mama ANGeL''<ref>{{Cite web|title=mama ANGeL (ママエンジェル) - 女性ファッション雑誌ガイド|url=http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/mamaangel.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120511091748/http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/mamaangel.html|archive-date=2012-05-11|access-date=2026-03-28|website=www.magazine-data.com|language=ja}}</ref> *''MaMaCawa''<ref>{{Cite web|title=MaMaCawa (ママカワ) - 女性ファッション雑誌ガイド|url=http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/mamacawa.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504011651/http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/mamacawa.html|archive-date=2012-05-04|access-date=2026-03-28|website=www.magazine-data.com|language=ja}}</ref> *''mama JELLY''<ref>{{Cite web|title=mama JELLY (ママジェリー) - 女性ファッション雑誌ガイド|url=https://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/mamajelly.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100406223149/https://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/mamajelly.html|archive-date=2010-04-06|access-date=2025-10-09|website=www.magazine-data.com|language=ja}}</ref> *''Majesty (Japan)''<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-04-24|title=Majesty JAPAN (マジェスティジャパン) - 女性ファッション雑誌ガイド|url=http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/majestyjapan.html|access-date=2025-05-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424041758/http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/majestyjapan.html|archive-date=2013-04-24}}</ref> *''melon'' *''Men's Digger'' *''Men's egg''<ref>{{Cite web|title=men's egg (メンズエッグ) - メンズファッション雑誌ガイド|url=http://www.magazine-data.com/magazine/mensegg.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504005134/http://www.magazine-data.com/magazine/mensegg.html|archive-date=2012-05-04|access-date=2026-03-28|website=www.magazine-data.com|language=ja}}</ref> *''Men's egg BITTER''<ref>{{Cite web|title=BITTER (ビター) - メンズファッション雑誌ガイド|url=https://magazine-data.com/magazine/bitter.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504011835/https://magazine-data.com/magazine/bitter.html|archive-date=2012-05-04|access-date=2026-03-30|website=magazine-data.com|language=ja}}</ref> *''Men's egg BLACK''<ref>{{Cite web|title=men's egg BLACK (メンズエッグブラック) - メンズファッション雑誌ガイド|url=http://www.magazine-data.com/magazine/menseggblack.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524181341/http://www.magazine-data.com/magazine/menseggblack.html|archive-date=2011-05-24|access-date=2025-07-04|website=www.magazine-data.com|language=ja}}</ref> *''Men's egg Core'' *''Men's egg Hairs''<ref>{{Cite web|title=メンズエッグヘアーズ (men's egg HAIRS) - メンズファッション雑誌ガイド|url=http://www.magazine-data.com/magazine/mensegghairs.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006174946/http://www.magazine-data.com/magazine/mensegghairs.html|archive-date=2011-10-06|access-date=2025-09-27|website=www.magazine-data.com|language=ja}}</ref> *''Men's egg WEST''<ref>{{Cite web|title=men's egg WEST (メンズエッグウェスト) - メンズファッション雑誌ガイド|url=http://www.magazine-data.com/magazine/menseggwest.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110529075950/http://www.magazine-data.com/magazine/menseggwest.html|archive-date=2011-05-29|access-date=2025-07-04|website=www.magazine-data.com|language=ja}}</ref> *''Men's egg Youth''<ref>{{Cite web|title=men's egg Youth (メンズエッグユース) - メンズファッション雑誌ガイド|url=http://www.magazine-data.com/magazine/menseggyouth.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403193535/http://www.magazine-data.com/magazine/menseggyouth.html|archive-date=2012-04-03|access-date=2025-09-27|website=www.magazine-data.com|language=ja}}</ref> *''Men's egg Youth Plus+'' *''MEN's FACE''<ref>{{Cite web|title=MEN's FACE (メンズフェイス) - メンズファッション雑誌ガイド|url=http://www.magazine-data.com/magazine/mensface.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006053540/http://www.magazine-data.com/magazine/mensface.html|archive-date=2011-10-06|access-date=2025-10-08|website=www.magazine-data.com|language=ja}}</ref> *''MEN'S KNUCKLE''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.magazine-data.com/magazine/mensknuckle.html|title=Men's Knuckle|website=magazine-data|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006175000/http://www.magazine-data.com/magazine/mensknuckle.html|language=ja|access-date=19 April 2023|archive-date=October 6, 2011}}</ref> *''Men's Roses'' *''Men's Spider''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Men's SPIDER (メンズスパイダー) - メンズファッション雑誌ガイド|url=http://www.magazine-data.com/magazine/mensspider.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101224061705/http://www.magazine-data.com/magazine/mensspider.html|archive-date=December 24, 2010|access-date=2025-07-04|website=www.magazine-data.com|language=ja|url-status=live}}</ref> *''Men's Yukai''<ref>{{Cite web|title=MEN'S YUKAI (メンズユカイ) - メンズファッション雑誌ガイド|url=http://www.magazine-data.com/magazine/mensyukai.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510133909/http://www.magazine-data.com/magazine/mensyukai.html|archive-date=2011-05-10|access-date=2025-07-04|website=www.magazine-data.com|language=ja}}</ref> *''Mercury'' *''Moreru! Gyaru blogger book'' *''Moreru!! BETTY'' *''Moreru!! JELLY''<ref>{{Cite web|title=盛れる!!JELLY (モレルジェリー) - 女性ファッション雑誌ガイド|url=http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/jellybeauty.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120103013542/http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/jellybeauty.html|archive-date=2012-01-03|access-date=2026-03-28|website=www.magazine-data.com|language=ja}}</ref> *''Moreru!! Ranzuki''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/ranzukibeauty.html|title=Serve!! Ranzuki|website=magazine-data|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100907073620/https://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/ranzukibeauty.html|language=ja|access-date=2 July 2021|archive-date=September 7, 2010}}</ref> *''Mori matsuge Venus''<ref>{{Cite web|title=盛りまつ毛VENUS (VENUS系) - 女性ファッション雑誌ガイド|url=http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/venusmorimake.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100909073825/http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/venusmorimake.html|archive-date=2010-09-09|access-date=2026-03-28|website=www.magazine-data.com|language=ja}}</ref> *''Morigami hair arrange catalog''<ref>{{Cite web|title=盛り髪カタログ (ヘアアレンジ) - 女性ファッション雑誌ガイド|url=http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/morigamihairarrange.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100514180016/http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/morigamihairarrange.html|archive-date=2010-05-14|access-date=2026-03-28|website=www.magazine-data.com|language=ja}}</ref> *''Mote mori&kawa maki jibun de deki chau gyaru hair arrange 107 Style'' *''Nagoyajyou PIN☆DOM'' *''Nicky''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/nicky.html|title=Nicky (ニッキー) - 女性ファッション雑誌ガイド|website=magazine-data|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101118013429/https://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/nicky.html|language=ja|access-date=2 July 2021|archive-date=November 18, 2010}}</ref> *''Oneesanninatsuta!!! (ageha×nuts×I LOVE mama)''<ref>{{Cite web|title=お姉さんになった!!! (ageha×nuts×I LOVE mama) - 女性ファッション雑誌ガイド|url=http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/agehanutslovemama.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120511110732/http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/agehanutslovemama.html|archive-date=2012-05-11|access-date=2026-03-28|website=www.magazine-data.com|language=ja}}</ref> *''Paradise Queen'' *''Pastel SISTER'' *''Pastel teen'' *''Pichi Lemon'' *''PINKY''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/pinky.html|title=PINKY|website=magazine-data|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115224509/http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/pinky.html|language=ja|access-date=6 June 2024|archive-date=January 15, 2013}}</ref> *''PopEgg'' *''PopSister''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/popsister.html|title=PopSister (ポップシスター) - 女性ファッション雑誌ガイド|website=magazine-data|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110128171732/https://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/popsister.html|language=ja|access-date=2 July 2021|archive-date=January 28, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=女性ファッション雑誌 PopSister - ポップシスター/レディース ファッション 東京|url=http://www.l-f-tokyo.com/magazine/popsister/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614145920/http://www.l-f-tokyo.com/magazine/popsister/|archive-date=2011-06-14|access-date=2026-03-29|website=www.l-f-tokyo.com}}</ref> *''Popteen''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Popteen (ポップティーン) - 女性ファッション雑誌ガイド|url=http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/popteen.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100402053648/http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/popteen.html|archive-date=2010-04-02|access-date=2025-07-04|website=www.magazine-data.com|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://cooljapan-videos.com/en/articles/0jvet31g|title=PopTeen the kawaii bible!|website=cooljapan-videos|language=en|access-date=19 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://aramajapan.com/news/netizencomments/netizens-compare-gyarus-of-yesterday-and-today-with-the-covers-of-popteen/|title=Netizens compare gyarus of yesterday and today with the covers of popteen|website=aramajapan.com|date=July 5, 2016|language=en|access-date=9 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=女性ファッション雑誌 Popteen - ポップティーン/レディース ファッション 東京|url=http://www.l-f-tokyo.com/magazine/popteen/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614164556/http://www.l-f-tokyo.com/magazine/popteen/|archive-date=2011-06-14|access-date=2026-03-29|website=www.l-f-tokyo.com}}</ref> *''PRETTY CLUB'' *''RaFFLeSiA'' *''Ranking Daisuki'' *''Ranzuki''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ranzuki (ランズキ) - 女性ファッション雑誌ガイド|url=http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/ranzuki.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100714082403/http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/ranzuki.html|archive-date=July 14, 2010|access-date=2025-07-01|website=www.magazine-data.com|language=ja|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tss-mag.com/2021/04/the-very-popular-magazine-ranzuki-returns-with-exclusive-models-and-popular-tiktoker/|title=The very popular magazine ranzuki returns with exclusive models and popular tiktoker|website=tss-mag.com|date=April 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411220140/https://www.tss-mag.com/2021/04/the-very-popular-magazine-ranzuki-returns-with-exclusive-models-and-popular-tiktoker/|archive-date=April 11, 2021|language=en|access-date=4 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=女性ファッション雑誌 Ranzuki - ランズキ/レディース ファッション 東京|url=http://www.l-f-tokyo.com/magazine/ranzuki/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614061711/http://www.l-f-tokyo.com/magazine/ranzuki/|archive-date=2011-06-14|access-date=2026-03-29|website=www.l-f-tokyo.com}}</ref> *''Ranzuki Shibu*suna!'' *''Ranzuki Super Gal's Make'' *''R(anzuki) Tribe'' *''(Happie nuts) Room&nuts'' *''Room Paradise'' *''ROSE'' *''RyuRyu''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/ryuryu.html|title=RyuRyu|website=magazine-data|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116055523/http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/ryuryu.html|language=ja|access-date=7 June 2024|archive-date=January 16, 2013}}</ref> *''RyuRyu interior book'' *''SalaPoke'' *''S Cawaii!''<ref>{{Cite web|title=SCawaii! (エスカワイイ) - 女性ファッション雑誌ガイド|url=https://magazine-data.com/women-magazine/scawaii.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806230104/https://magazine-data.com/women-magazine/scawaii.html|archive-date=2011-08-06|access-date=2026-03-29|website=magazine-data.com|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=女性ファッション雑誌 SCawaii! - エスカワイイ/レディース ファッション 東京|url=http://www.l-f-tokyo.com/magazine/scawaii!/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614154915/http://www.l-f-tokyo.com/magazine/scawaii!/|archive-date=2011-06-14|access-date=2026-03-29|website=www.l-f-tokyo.com}}</ref> *''S Cawaii! Hair&arrange''<ref>{{Cite web|title=ヘア＆アレンジ (S Cawaii!系) - 女性ファッション雑誌ガイド|url=http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/scawaiihair.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111103124211/http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/scawaiihair.html|archive-date=2011-11-03|access-date=2026-03-28|website=www.magazine-data.com|language=ja}}</ref> *''S Cawaii! Hits hairstyle'' *''S Cawaii! HYPER'' *''Scramble egg'' *''SG'' *''Shibuya 109 Book''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/109book.html|title=109book|website=magazine-data|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110316010111/https://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/109book.html|language=ja|access-date=8 June 2021|archive-date=March 16, 2011}}</ref> *''Shibuya 109 Sisters'' *''SHIBUYA NEWS'' *''Shibuya Production'' *''Soul Sister''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/soulsister.html|title=Soul Sister|website=magazine-data|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313195820/https://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/soulsister.html|language=ja|access-date=3 July 2021|archive-date=March 13, 2016}}</ref> *''SNAP JELLY''<ref>{{Cite web|title=SNAP JELLY (スナップジェリー) - 女性ファッション雑誌ガイド|url=http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/snapjelly.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120827073720/http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/snapjelly.html|archive-date=2012-08-27|access-date=2025-07-10|website=www.magazine-data.com|language=ja}}</ref> *''Stonew'' *''Street jam'' *''SUPER eye make book''<ref>{{Cite web|title=SUPERアイメイクBOOK (S Cawaii!系) - 女性ファッション雑誌ガイド|url=http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/scawaiieyemake.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100909073759/http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/scawaiieyemake.html|archive-date=2010-09-09|access-date=2026-03-28|website=www.magazine-data.com|language=ja}}</ref> *''Supin kara futae meiku'' *''Tabete yaseru! JELLY'' *''TiaraGirl'' *''Tokyo Street news!'' *''Used JELLY''<ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-09-27|title=USED JELLY (ユーズドジェリー) - 女性ファッション雑誌ガイド|url=http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/usedjelly.html|access-date=2025-04-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100927070222/http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/usedjelly.html|archive-date=September 27, 2010}}</ref> *''Vanilla gIRL''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vanilla girl (バニラガール - 休刊) - 女性ファッション雑誌ガイド|url=https://magazine-data.com/women-magazine/vanillagirl.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315091359/https://magazine-data.com/women-magazine/vanillagirl.html|archive-date=2015-03-15|access-date=2025-07-10|website=magazine-data.com|language=ja}}</ref> *''ViVi''<ref>{{Cite web|title=ViVi (ヴィヴィ) - 女性ファッション雑誌ガイド|url=https://magazine-data.com/women-magazine/vivi.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504012219/https://magazine-data.com/women-magazine/vivi.html|archive-date=2012-05-04|access-date=2026-03-28|website=magazine-data.com|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=女性ファッション雑誌 ViVi - ヴィヴィ/レディース ファッション 東京|url=http://www.l-f-tokyo.com/magazine/vivi/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614062116/http://www.l-f-tokyo.com/magazine/vivi/|archive-date=2011-06-14|access-date=2026-03-29|website=www.l-f-tokyo.com}}</ref> *''wolf Ash'' *''Yaseru! JELLY'' *''Yaseru! Popteen'' *''Yasukawa (Happie) Nuts''<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-04-25|title=安カワnuts (ハピーナッツ) - 女性ファッション雑誌ガイド|url=http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/yasukawanuts.html|access-date=2025-05-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425164238/http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/yasukawanuts.html|archive-date=2013-04-25}}</ref> *''Yukai +''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Yukai＋ (ユカイプラス) - メンズファッション雑誌ガイド|url=http://www.magazine-data.com/magazine/yukaiplus.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512083232/http://www.magazine-data.com/magazine/yukaiplus.html|archive-date=2011-05-12|access-date=2025-07-04|website=www.magazine-data.com|language=ja}}</ref> *''109Men's Complete guide'' {{div col end}} Popular recurring {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} models, icons and idols during its peak were Tsubasa Masuwaka, Kumiko Funayama, Rie Matsuoka, Hikari Shiina, Kaoru Watanabe, Kanako Kawabata, Hiromi Endo, Aoi Mano, Ayame Tachibana, Satomi Yakuwa, Sayoko Ozaki, Yuka Obara, Rina Sakurai, Nana Suzuki, Mie Miyashita, Maya Koganei, and twins Gura and Guri Yoshikawa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Episode #01 – NHK World Kawaii International – TV – NHK WORLD – English|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/kawaii-i/archives/ep01/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222192723/http://www.nhk.or.jp/kawaii-i/archives/ep01/index.html|access-date=2021-10-15|archive-date=December 22, 2015|language=en}}</ref> Notable, recent {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} include Yuki Kimura, known for her magazine and online alias as {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Yukipoyo|italics=no}} and model Iwamoto Sayaka', known as {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Usatani Paisen|italics=no}}. In Japan they are also both known for being models for Gravure from the books they have appeared in.
===Charity and fundraising events=== Following the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} clothing brand GALSTAR launched a fundraising event where they donated a percentage of their revenue to the Japanese Red Cross Society.<ref>{{cite web|title=GALSTAR X Ribbon Project: Gyaru Earthquake Relief – Tokyo Fashion|date=March 26, 2011 |url=https://tokyofashion.com/galstar-x-ribbon-project-gyaru-earthquake-relief/|access-date=2021-07-27|language=en-US}}</ref>
=={{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Gyaru}} overseas== Often referred to as foreign {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} or western {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} and online as {{Nihongo|2=外人ギャル|3=gaijin gyaru}} by most often then not the actual Western or oversea community themselves. Though this term for the Western community of {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} has been used since its popularity in Western regions; the actual term to signify a individual that participates {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} by Japanese native speakers is {{Nihongo|2=海外ギャル|3=kaigai gyaru}} ({{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} from abroad) and is the one used to refer to overseas participants by the Japanese {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} community— or the Japanese society as a whole. Also the terms as stated before as {{Nihongo|2=外人ギャル|3=gaijin gyaru}}, western {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} and {{Nihongo|2=海外ギャル|3=kaigai gyaru}} are terms most often used on social media such as in hashtags— least used is foreign {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}}.
Women even men outside Japan who participate in {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}}; "western" {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} also includes countries outside of the West, such as in the Middle East.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ギャル dailymotion video|url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/xh46if|access-date=2024-09-24|website=www.dailymotion.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=La tendance japonaise "Gyaru" s'invite en Israël|url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x5ddexv|access-date=2024-09-24|website=www.dailymotion.com|language=FR|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20251128191122/https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x5ddexv|archive-date=November 28, 2025|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=דוקותיים {{!}} ''אני הולכת להיות הכי מוגזמת שלי''|url=https://www.kan.org.il/content/dig/digital/p-11685/%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D-2018/88636/|date=2018-08-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media|title=דוקותיים {{!}} גיארו|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7RUYVBnvVgk|date=2018-08-07|access-date=2025-11-28|via=YouTube|last=כאן {{!}} דיגיטל - תאגיד השידור הישראלי}}</ref> {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Gyaru}} includes women who have gravitated towards this fashion by presenting themselves as {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} and wearing its substyles and men presenting as {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru-o}}. Western {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} or {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gaijin gyaru}} created their own communities or groups and forums.
In 2011, western or {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gaijin gyaru}} held their first event, the {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Gaijin Gyaru}} Awards which was created by an English {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gaijin gyaru}} with the online username Lhouraii Li. It was done to spread awareness of this style and to bring positivity back into the western {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gaijin gyaru}} community.<ref>{{Citation|title=Gaijin Gyaru Awards NOMINEES 2011|date=April 22, 2011|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1izFTZYRyXQ|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/1izFTZYRyXQ|archive-date=2021-12-21|url-status=live|type=video|language=en|access-date=2021-08-04}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Gaijin Gyaru Awards 2011|date=May 7, 2011|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q5h7RcimQyQ|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/Q5h7RcimQyQ |archive-date=2021-12-21|url-status=live|type=video|language=en|access-date=2021-08-04}}{{cbignore}}</ref> These events were done with Lhouraii Li and they were mostly done online. They were ended in 2014 by the creator of the event, Lhouraii Li, due to online backlash against her online award show. In 2016, they were made into an event in the Netherlands and were broadcast via livestream.<ref>{{cite web|date=2015-12-08|title=Gaijin Gyaru Awards 2016 tijdens HYPER's SHIBUYA PARTY|url=https://avo-magazine.nl/2015/12/gaijin-gyaru-awards-2016-tijdens-hypers-shibuya-party/|access-date=2021-08-03|website=AVO Magazine - One click closer to Japan|language=nl-NL|archive-date=July 13, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220713173419/https://avo-magazine.nl/2015/12/gaijin-gyaru-awards-2016-tijdens-hypers-shibuya-party/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Shibuya Party Rotterdam • Reformatt Travel Show|url=https://www.reformatt.com/shibuya-party-rotterdam|access-date=2021-11-11|website=Reformatt|date=January 12, 2017 |language=en}}</ref> In 2019, a community award ceremony was brought back in the United Kingdom,<ref>{{Citation|title=Gaijin Gyaru Awards 2019 ♔ Gyaru Jubilee ♔|date=August 24, 2019|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8gSzcKKMPJ8|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/8gSzcKKMPJ8 |archive-date=2021-12-21|url-status=live|type=video|language=en|access-date=2021-08-04}}{{cbignore}}</ref> just as in 2016 this was an in-person event and was only made into a live broadcast online for those not able to join the event. These contests were made so that one could vote for contestants within categories or subcategories of this fashion and gain Internet attention from peers by winning within a category.
During the early 2000s, most anime conventions saw a glorification of {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} and {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gaijin gyaru}} presence as they held gatherings, meetings or events usually organized by their {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyarusā}} and peers in these conventions in their country or where the gathering would be held. International and national meetings among members of the {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gaijin gyaru}} community were held on an almost annual basis.<ref>{{cite web|date=2019-11-04|title=International Gyaru Meet-up|url=https://the-comm.online/blog/international-gyaru-meet-up/|access-date=2021-09-01|website=The COMM|language=en-US}}</ref>
As of late 2018 to early 2019 there was an increase in activity for the {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gaijin gyaru}} community caused by the comeback of egg magazine as well as a resurgence of {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} in Japan.<ref>{{cite web|last=Riikka|date=2018-04-28|title='Egg' online magazine attempts to revive parapara and {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} culture by releasing a single|url=https://aramajapan.com/news/egg-online-magazine-attempts-to-revive-parapara-and-gyaru-culture-by-releasing-a-single/87773/|access-date=2021-05-26|website=ARAMA! JAPAN|language=en-US}}</ref> This has affected the {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gaijin gyaru}} community as well, as a new {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gaijin gyaru}} magazine, ''Papillon'', was published beginning in October 2019.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-01-10|title=A new International Gyaru Magazine ! : Papillon|url=https://www.tss-mag.com/2020/01/a-new-international-gyaru-magazine-papillon/|access-date=2021-08-15|website=Tokyo Street Style|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804073455/https://www.tss-mag.com/2020/01/a-new-international-gyaru-magazine-papillon/|archive-date=August 4, 2020|language=en-US}}</ref> The foreign magazine {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Gyaru-go}} also made a comeback. In 2021, the {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gaijin gyaru}} magazine ''GAL VIP'' had an article written about their magazines by a Japanese website; it is the oldest {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gaijin gyaru}} magazines addressed and not the latest.<ref>{{cite web |title=【GAL VIP MAGAZINE】ギャルメイクの外人ギャルモデルが可愛すぎる|url=https://matome.eternalcollegest.com/post-2142362555214793301 |website=おにぎりまとめ |date=February 14, 2021 |access-date=2021-07-03 |language=ja}}</ref> Also in August 2021 a six-minute documentary on western {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} or {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gaijin gyaru}} has discussed the substyle of {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|manba}} on YouTube.
As stated before, the {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gaijin gyaru}} magazine ''Papillon'' was published in 2019, but there were two predecessors: ''Gyaru-go'' who only published on April 12, 2016, and ''Gal-VIP'' on September 1, 2012. They are both online magazines while ''Papillon'' has online and purchasable issues. As of the summer of 2025 a new {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gaijin gyaru}} magazine has been created and is currently in circulation. This magazine being ''Gals Mode'' first got interest on the subsection of reddit for {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gaijin gyaru}}; where there the interest and the gauge of peer attention for was determined that this magazine was needed. Though this magazine should not be confused for Japanese gravure magazine ''Gal Mode''.
Even though, ''Gal-VIP'' is considered the oldest {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gaijin gyaru}} magazine and ''Papillon'' the first for physical purchasable media in the {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gaijin gyaru}} community; they were not the earliest or the first in the Western community of {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gaijin gyaru}} in a sense, as there was a magazine that was already circulating in the Asian communities or Malaysian community to be precise. The Maylaysian {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyarusā}}, M♥︎Y {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyarusā}}; situated in Kuala Lumpur had a magazine named ''Moe Candy'', that had already physical purchasable media during the early 2010 before both ''GAL-VIP'' and ''Papillon''.
During the resurgence of {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} a common term appeared on online forums or communities of {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gaijin gyaru}}. The term “baby gal”. It isn't a recognized term in the Japanese culture or community of {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} as the way this term can be interpret as awkward, creepy, infantilizing or borderline fetishizing to Japanese speakers. But to overseas community of {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} this is to denote a beginner. This term was first coined by the {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gaijin gyaru}} magazine ''Papillon'' in their first volume to show distinction between experienced {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gaijin gyaru}} and beginner {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gaijin gyaru}} who modeled for its magazine.
=={{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Gyaru}} scandals in Japan==
In 2012, the {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} model Jun Komori committed fraud and helped with said fraud on an online auction website in Japan. She worked with Ryusuge Suzuki, who was the penny orders section owner of the World Auction website in Japan. She had to close her official blog due to the backlash.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://japantoday.com/category/entertainment/jun-komori-shuts-down-blog-following-fraudulent-auction-site-scandal|title=Jun Komori shuts down blog following fraudulent auction site scandal|website=Japan Today|date=December 30, 2012 |access-date=20 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Jun Komori makes televised apology for lying to fans about auction sites|url=https://japantoday.com/category/entertainment/jun-komori-makes-televised-apology-for-lying-to-fans-about-auction-sites|access-date=2021-08-04|website=Japan Today|date=February 5, 2013 |language=en}}</ref>
In 2016, a {{transliteration|ja|hepburn|gaijin gyaru}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shibuya Girl's Green Streaked Hair, Long White Coat & Buffalo Bobs Bag – Tokyo Fashion |date=January 30, 2012 |url=https://tokyofashion.com/shibuya-girl-green-streaked-hair-white-coat-buffalo-bobs-bag/ |access-date=2022-12-22 |language=en-US}}</ref> from Canada of Chinese background who is known by her online aliases "Sheina" and "Ningyosama"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schley |first=Matt |date=2018-08-01 |title=Canadian Cosplayer Arrested in Japan for Fake Marriage |url=https://otakuusamagazine.com/canadian-cosplayer-arrested-japan/ |access-date=2022-12-22 |website=Otaku USA Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> was arrested and sent home due to her actions to procure a residency permit for extending her stay in Japan. Knowing her travel visa for Japan had expired, she had thought that marrying someone she knew would enable her to stay longer. She worked as masseuse, a kyabakura and a fuzoku or a prostitute. But this is considered a breach of promise in marriage as she and her then partner were both in agreement to marry for money (700,000 yen as initial payment to him) and residency.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aspiring Canadian cosplayer living in Tokyo arrested for sham marriage |url=https://japantoday.com/category/crime/Aspiring-Canadian-cosplayer-living-in-Tokyo-arrested-for-sham-marriage |access-date=2022-12-22 |website=Japan Today |date=August 2018 |language=en}}</ref> At the same time this news was released, varying news outlets that interviewed her were lied to, telling her side of the arrest story and skewing her reasons; this is called a providing a false statement according to the law instead of following the legal information retrieval law. Her deception also disappointed enthusiasts of Japanese styles such as lolita fashion and cosplayers. She was later deported from Japan for these actions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-01 |title=Canadian Cosplayer Arrested in Japan for Immigration Fraud |url=https://sojapan.jp/2018/08/canadian-cosplayer-arrested-in-japan-for-immigration-fraud/ |access-date=2022-12-22 |website=So Japan |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Canadian Cosplayer Arrested In Japan Over Falsified Marriage |url=https://comicbook.com/anime/news/canadian-cosplayer-arrested-japan-falsified-marriage/ |access-date=2022-12-22 |website=Anime |date=August 5, 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Canadian Cosplayer Arrested in Japan on Suspicion of False Marriage |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2018-08-01/canadian-cosplayer-arrested-in-japan-on-suspicion-of-false-marriage/.134917 |access-date=2022-12-22 |website=Anime News Network |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sham marriage sinks Canuck cosplay cutie's Japan dreams |url=https://torontosun.com/news/national/sham-marriage-sinks-canuck-cosplay-cuties-japan-dreams |access-date=2022-12-22 |website=torontosun |language=en-CA}}</ref>
In 2014, a {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyarusā}} was arrested due to multiple cases of rape to gang rape happening within its {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyarusā}}<ref>{{cite web|last=shishimaru|date=2014-06-20|title=【動画あり】新宿コマ劇場前で女子大生が集団昏倒した異常事態、明大公認サークル「クライス」でスピリタスカプセル使用か {{!}} Buzzap！|url=https://buzzap.jp/news/20140621-sinjuku-koma-student/|access-date=2021-07-03|website=buzzap.jp|language=ja|archive-date=July 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182918/https://buzzap.jp/news/20140621-sinjuku-koma-student/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and this would not be the last of these malicious {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyarusā}}; in 2019, another was found with the same criminal delicts acted towards the members of their group.<ref>{{cite web|title=スーフリ事件の「和田サン」手記報道 被害者が語る卑劣な手口と"素顔"のギャップ (2019年2月18日)|url=https://www.excite.co.jp/news/article/Real_Live_44156/|access-date=2021-07-03|website=エキサイトニュース|language=ja}}</ref>
In 2021, ''egg'' magazine created a video on their official YouTube channel by making a prank video and using domestic violence as the joke.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3lFGZBIod6s |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/3lFGZBIod6s |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=【DVドッキリ】もしもあいみがアザだらけの状態で撮影に来たらどうする⁉️|language=ja|website=YouTube|type=video|date=11 March 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref> They used makeup to create fake wounds or injuries commonly associated with Domestic Violence and by the end of the video were laughing at their prank video. All of the participants, models, and the ''egg'' magazine model herself participated in the creation of the video, the decision to make it or complied in the creation of the video. The video shows the participants and models not taking domestic violence seriously. The date of the video's release was on International Women's Day as well as Women's History Month, which attracted even more criticism.<ref>{{cite web |title=Puchi News: March 2021 |url=https://www.magazine-papillon.com/2021/04/puchi-news-march-2021.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024111411/https://www.magazine-papillon.com/2021/04/puchi-news-march-2021.html |archive-date=2021-10-24 |access-date=2021-10-24}}</ref>
{{lang|ja|オヤジギャル}} ({{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Oyaji gyaru}}):<ref>{{cite web|title=オヤジギャル、格差社会…新語・流行語大賞30年のトップ10発表|url=https://resemom.jp/article/2013/11/14/15977.html|access-date=2021-05-25|website=リセマム|date=November 14, 2013 |language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Robertson|first=Jennifer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w_c_Gh00uEQC&dq=gyaru&pg=PA65|title=Takarazuka: Sexual Politics and Popular Culture in Modern Japan|date=1998-07-21|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-92012-5|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Horvat|first=Andrew|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L8UPAAAAYAAJ&q=gyaru|title=Japanese Beyond Words: How to Walk and Talk Like a Native Speaker|date=2000|publisher=Stone Bridge Press|isbn=978-1-880656-42-6|language=en}}</ref> is not a style,<ref>{{cite book |title=Japan and the Shackles of the Past |date=November 7, 2014 |publisher=R. Taggart Murphy |isbn=978-0199845989 |pages=238 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7FAgBQAAQBAJ&q=Gyaru&pg=PA238}}</ref> rather, it is a title that {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} have garnered themselves over the years because of their manner of showing and acting out towards others on the street. Especially when this title has been given by the Japanese population when asked in a survey of the most used words of the decades or buzzwords rather which are used on a daily basis. Because of their rudeness towards others, masculine character: such as drinking beer, smoking in public places, swearing, and overtly sexual manner of dress.<ref>{{cite web|date=22 May 2011|title=All About Gyaru!|url=https://mycandyheaven.blogspot.com/2011/05/all-about-gyaru.html|access-date=2021-05-25|website=My Candy Heaven|quote=Comes from the words and oyaji. A gal who behaves in a masculine way. usually drinks, smokes and uses profanity.}}</ref> {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Oyaji gyaru}} ({{Literal translation|old man gal}}) and is used as slang to describe the most revolting {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}}.
==Influence in media== {{Expand section|date=January 2024}}
===Anime and manga=== ''Gals!'' was a manga that had much influence on {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} fashion, it is a manga that centers completely on the {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} subculture. This manga has become once again renowned in the subculture of {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-10-29/gals-shojo-manga-returns-after-17-years/.152737|title=GALS! shoujo manga returns after 17 years|website=animenewsnetwork|language=en|access-date= 29 September 2019}}</ref> Though it is said that a reboot of the series may be impossible.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Villacin|first=Paige|date=2022-06-14 |title=Why Super GALS! May Never Get a Reboot|url=https://www.cbr.com/why-super-gals-may-never-get-a-reboot/|access-date=2022-09-12|website=CBR|language=en-US}}</ref> Other manga having ties to {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} subculture include Gal Japon, a slice of life manga surrounding the {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} subculture published in 2010. The 2018 manga called ''My Roomie Is a Dino'' received an anime adaptation in 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://galkyo.com/|title=ギャルと恐竜|website=「ギャルと恐竜」公式サイト|language=ja|access-date=14 September 2019}}</ref> The manga Super Baby features a protagonist named Tamao, who lives near {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} locations or near locations representing or are influenced by {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}}, such as the mall 109. This manga centers on {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} fashion and subculture. It started publishing in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.anime-planet.com/manga/super-baby|title=Super Baby|website=Anime Planet|date=March 29, 2017|language=en|access-date=3 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://bookmeter.com/books/13504182|title=スーパーベイビー|website=bookmeter|language=ja|access-date=3 July 2021}}</ref> Debuting in 2017 and is still being published today, the series ''Yancha Gal no Anjou-san''.<ref>{{cite web|title=やんちゃギャルの安城さん 第1巻（ 加藤雄一 ） {{!}} 少年画報社|url=https://www.shonengahosha.co.jp/book_Info.php?id=7416|access-date=2021-08-09|website=www.shonengahosha.co.jp}}</ref> The manga ''Hokkaido Gals Are Super Adorable!'' debuted in 2019 and ended in 2024. In January 2018, the manga ''My Dress-Up Darling'' had received publishing and remains an on-going series; this manga received an anime adaptation, which aired from January 2022.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Jones|first1=Steve|last2=Lemus|first2=Jean-Karlo|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/this-week-in-anime/2022-0-15/.182618|title=This Week in Anime: Why Marin is Everyone's Dress-Up Darling|website=Anime News Network|date=February 15, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215140939/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/this-week-in-anime/2022-02-15/.182618|archive-date=February 15, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Citrus'', a yuri manga and anime, has {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} characters.<ref>{{cite web|last=Farris|first=Christopher|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/review/citrus/episodes-1-3/.126715|title=Citrus: Episodes 1-3|website=Anime News Network|date=January 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306072201/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/review/citrus/episodes-1-3/.126715|archive-date=March 6, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Enn and Lily as Marin Kitagawa and Shizuku Kuroe standing, front view 20220507b.jpg|thumb|''My Dress-Up Darling'' cosplayers of Marin Kitagawa and Shizuku Kuroe (2022)]] Many other manga have characters in or related to {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}}. For example, ''Peach Girl'', a manga that started publication in 1997. The 2003 manga ''Bijinzaka Private Girls High School'' ({{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Shiritsu! Bijinzaka Joshi Koukou}}), had a titular {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} character named Nonomiya En. In 2005, the manga ''Galism: Love Supreme Sisters'' ({{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Galism: Renai Joutou 3 Sanshimai}}) was released. In 2009, the manga ''KECHONPA'' was published, instead of being a shōjo manga, it had a drama-driven plot. Also in 2009, the anime ''Hime Gal Paradise'' ran on Japanese television and revolves around a main character who is initially ordinary but enters a high school where every student is a {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}}. In 2014, the manga and anime series ''Please Tell Me! Galko-chan''<ref>{{cite web|title=『おしえて！ギャル子ちゃん』公式サイト|url=https://www.galko-chan.com/|access-date=13 September 2019|website=『おしえて！ギャル子ちゃん』公式サイト|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=TVアニメ『おしえて！ギャル子ちゃん』公式サイト|url=https://galko.jp/|access-date=13 September 2019|website=galko.jp|language=ja}}</ref> was published. It mostly discusses topics ranging from gender differences, sexual behavior or body complexes, and differences in both the female and male bodies.<ref>{{cite web|date=2016-06-10|title=Taboo High School Rumours Make For One Funny Anime|url=https://www.kotaku.com.au/2016/06/taboo-high-school-rumours-make-for-one-funny-anime/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611125447/http://www.kotaku.com.au/2016/06/taboo-high-school-rumours-make-for-one-funny-anime/|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 11, 2016|access-date=2021-10-12|website=Kotaku Australia|language=en-AU}}</ref> Galko-chan, the protagonist of this manga, and her older sister are both {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}}.
A stop motion anime series named ''Milpom''<ref>{{cite web|title=MILPOM★|url=https://milpom.com/?og=1|access-date=2021-05-25|website=milpom.com}}</ref> was created to promote the {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} lifestyle. The mall of Shibuya 109 is shown as the first shot as the scene in the pilot and is present during its entirety. It lasted from 2015 until 2017. The voice actresses of this series consist of magazine models, including Anna Yano who appeared in ''mer'' and ''KERA'' magazines, Saki Shibata from the magazine ''mer'' as well, and the ''popteen'' models Hikari Shiina and Ai Matsumoto. Hikari Shiina voice-acting Milpom and Ai Matsumoto voicing the secondary lead, Pon-pon; after the pilot her name had been changed to Silky.<ref>{{cite news|title=Character & Voice actress|url=https://milpom.com/Character|access-date=2021-08-11|website=Tumblr}}</ref>
Non-{{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}}-orientated series have also included {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} characters. A non-{{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} anime, being the well known series ''Pokémon'' has also had a {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} representation; first in the original anime within the first season on episode 15 called {{Nihongo|"Battle aboard the St. Anne"|サントアンヌごうのたたかい!|Santo Annu-gō no Tatakai!}}. The Team Rocket members Jessie and James are disguised as a mix that might now resemble to {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|kogyaru}} and {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|ganguro}}, respectively; but it was simply an early representation of {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|kogyaru}} at that time. In the 2018 movie ''Pokémon the Movie: The Power of Us'' Risa is a {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} character. But the ''Pokémon'' series already had a {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|ganguro}} representation by the actual Pokémon, Jynx. But fans and Pokémon company themselves disagree since the appearance of this Pokémon in 1996 for ''Pokémon Red and Blue'' on the Game Boy and the series since. The comedy anime ''Mr. Osomatsu'' has a {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} character named {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Jyushiko Matsuno}}. The series ''Skull-face Bookseller Honda-san'' has also had {{Transliteration|en|Hepburn|''gyaru''}}-influenced characters: two {{Transliteration|en|Hepburn|''gyaru''}} and one {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru-o}} are customers. The first {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} is a customer as well as a {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|fujoshi|italics=no}}. She appeared in the second chapter of the manga, titled ''{{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Yaoi|italics=no}} Girls from Overseas''. She also appears in the first episode of the anime. The other two characters appear within later episode of the series as clients, too. In the non-{{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}}-oriented {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|shōnen}} series ''Sgt. Keroro'', the character Angol Mois takes the appearance of a {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|kogyaru}} in her human form. The anime series Great Teacher Onizuka has a group of {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|ganguro}} students. The manga and anime After the Rain has a {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} on chapter six of the manga and on episode 3 of the anime named "Raining Tears" or {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Ame Shizuku}} as an AV Idol on a VHS.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Foto|first=Tu|title=Pose resource for manga pose|date=2007-01-13|url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ai_Himeno.jpg|access-date=2022-09-30}}</ref>
When episode 6 of the mini anime series of the smartphone rhythm game ''Hatsune Miku: Colorful Stage!'' named {{Nihongo|"Leo/need Style"|レオニードスタイル|Reonīdo Sutairu}} first premiered on YouTube in 2022, it was accused by American and English-speaking viewers in general of "doing/promoting blackface" and "cultural appropriation" due to a scene inspired by {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} fashion substyle of {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|ganguro}} perceived as being blackface. The next day, the episode was withdrawn indefinitely and a public apology in both English and Japanese was uploaded on the official Twitter account.<ref name="Canceled">{{cite web|last=Praca|first=Olx|date=2022-02-21 |title=Anime Series Canceled Due To Blackface – Olx Praca|url=https://olxpraca.com/utm_sourcerssutm_mediumrssutm_campaignrss-115/|access-date=2022-03-06|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306025229/https://olxpraca.com/utm_sourcerssutm_mediumrssutm_campaignrss-115/|archive-date=March 6, 2022|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-02-19|title=Project Sekai Anime Short Pulled By Sega For "Blackface" Allegations From Western Fandom {{!}} Kakuchopurei|url=https://www.kakuchopurei.com/2022/02/project-sekai-anime-short-pulled-by-sega-for-blackface-from-western-fandom/|access-date=2023-07-16|language=en-US}}</ref> The removal of the episode is controversial and many fans of the game and show, either Japanese and American, were disappointed with the company's decision, with some blaming Sega for its "bending the knee" and "listening to outraged Twitter who insist that everyone should respect foreign cultures while applying and imposing their own Western prejudices, views, puritanism and imperialism against foreign media and subcultures".<ref>{{cite web|title=Anime episode pulled for blackface|url=https://www.calcuttanews.net/news/272320824/anime-episode-pulled-for-blackface|access-date=2022-03-07|website=Calcutta News|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Canceled"/><ref>{{Cite web|last=Toffee|first=Mr|date=2022-02-19|title=Project Sekai Anime Short Pulled By Sega For "Blackface" Allegations From Western Fandom {{!}} KAKUCHOPUREI.COM|url=https://www.kakuchopurei.com/2022/02/project-sekai-anime-short-pulled-by-sega-for-blackface-from-western-fandom/|access-date=2022-05-25|language=en-US}}</ref> The episode was reuploaded to YouTube on March 15, 2022, with some modifications that removed the typical tan, make-up, and the previous items.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-03-15|title=【お知らせ】ぷちセカ #06 「レオニードスタイル」修正版公開（※動画） {{!}} プロセカch. {{!}} プロジェクトセカイの攻略・最新情報まとめサイト|url=https://pjsekai-ch.com/2022/03/15/post-51942/ |access-date=2023-06-29|website=pjsekai-ch.com|language=ja|archive-date=March 15, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315145838/https://pjsekai-ch.com/2022/03/15/post-51942/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
''Colourful'', the 2010 anime movie, has a {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} secondary character, {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Hiroka Kuwabara}}, not only from her appearance and nonchalant attitude, but {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|enjo kōsai}}, forms a major part to her role.
===Television=== thumb|An exhibit at Edo Tokyo Museum, December 2021 Japanese television have a had an enormous amount of {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}}-based content during the Heisei era. These television programs could center on {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} and even commercials employed {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}}. Some of these shows were made by {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} for {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} to boost their popularity and morale as a Japanese fashion style and to do the same for the featured models. They also popularized the magazines or the stores in Shibuya 109 that appeared in these programs since they were either the producers or had a contract with the producers.
There were often single segments about {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} within programs. One of the earliest being about {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|ganguro}} and their love for tropical clothing and a new type of thigh-high socks that looked like bell-bottoms that had at the time been released in Shibuya 109.<ref>{{Citation|title=【ガングロギャル】渋谷の最先端ファッション事情【2000年代初頭】 Shibuya ganguro gal fashion|date=December 3, 2014|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=55oQv-lFQxI|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110191016/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=55oQv-lFQxI&gl=US&hl=en|archive-date=November 10, 2021|url-status=dead|type=video|language=ja|access-date=2021-10-12}}</ref> The show GAL-TEN, created by {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} for {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}}, was produced by egg magazine and broadcast by TBS Television in the 2010s.<ref>{{cite web|date=2011-07-22|title=「ギャルトーク天国」TBSのWEBオリジナル番組（毎週火曜よる8時～生配信）|url=http://tbs-galten.jp/|access-date=2021-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722125203/http://tbs-galten.jp/|archive-date=July 22, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Naominnie|date=2011-09-21|title=Glitter Gakusei: Gal* Ten|url=https://glittergakusei.blogspot.com/2011/09/gal-ten.html|access-date=2021-07-19|website=Glitter Gakusei}}</ref> Other television segments used {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} or {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} models to promote the show and the models themselves; such as this segment promoting {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|koakuma ageha}} model Rina Sakurai.<ref>{{Citation|title=さくりなチャンinわせび|date=June 9, 2009|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-bjx5LYpdcA|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806075819/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-bjx5LYpdcA|archive-date=August 6, 2021|url-status=dead|type=video|language=ja|access-date=2021-08-06}}</ref>
Another example of television segments about {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} were those about make-up application, such as the big eye trend of the early 2010s called {{lang|ja|デカ目メイク}} {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|dekame meiku}}, said to make one's eyes resemble a child's.<ref>{{Cite web|title=デカ目メイクのやり方|website=YouTube|date=November 30, 2010|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GVs95Gh2_OM|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006081016/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GVs95Gh2_OM|language=ja|access-date=2022-10-06|archive-date=October 6, 2022|url-status=dead}}</ref> There was also a television segment on parapara competitions with {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} and even nationwide {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|ganguro}} who were all from a certain {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyarusā}} from the Kantō region of Tokyo all the way to Osaka.<ref>{{Cite web|title=【パラパラ選手権】○得ナビ俄然egg|website=YouTube|date=August 23, 2017|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EN6jbMoYqSc|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007192808/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EN6jbMoYqSc|language=ja|access-date=2022-10-07|archive-date=October 7, 2022|url-status=dead}}</ref> Another television segment regarded three {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|joshi kōkō gyaru}} and their way of making money by being sugar babies by using older men with the older Internet system of Japan for {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|enjo kōsai}}. While doing so, one of the participants told of having made 200,000 yen and when adjusting for inflation made about 1,400 dollars with three dates in one day.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ﾊﾟﾊﾟ3人月収200万!!太腿ﾀﾄｩｰ!!最強現役女子高生選手権|website=YouTube|date=September 23, 2020|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIe-gY2JVTA|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923083919/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIe-gY2JVTA|language=ja|access-date=2022-09-23|archive-date=September 23, 2022|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Shows that were relevant to the actual lifestyle or subculture of {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} during the Heisei era included television specials about the {{Transliteration|en|Hepburn|gyarusā}} or {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} in general. For example, the {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyarusā}} Angeleek had its own episode on Japanese television, fully dedicated to their events, general outings with each-other and how they helped a younger generation participate in or join their group to continue its legacy.<ref>{{Citation|title=【高画質】実録 渋谷ギャルサー物語 アンジェリーク パラパラ|date=January 15, 2019|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9aunp-hOLNc|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720024339/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9aunp-hOLNc|archive-date=July 20, 2021|url-status=dead|type=video|language=ja|access-date=2021-07-20}}</ref> Western {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} have also appeared on Japanese television: the Spanish {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyarusā}} ''Hysterical'' appeared twice, both in Spain and while visiting Japan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=スペインギャルサー Hysterical Circle in Japanese TV|website=YouTube|date=January 24, 2012|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ntY6qxR1GZs|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220329154106/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ntY6qxR1GZs&gl=US&hl=en|archive-date=March 29, 2022|url-status=dead|type=video|language=ja|access-date=2022-03-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Hysterical in TV|website=YouTube|date=February 19, 2013|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xRO22uXAIww|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220329154106/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xRO22uXAIww&gl=US&hl=en|archive-date=March 29, 2022|url-status=dead|type=video|language=ja|access-date=2022-03-29}}</ref>
The American {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyarusā}} ''Diamond Gal'' appeared in a segment on a Nippon TV program.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sekai no Kuchikomi - DIAMOND GAL CIRCLE|website=YouTube|date=February 23, 2011|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=68Hmt_Jfryk|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220329154106/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=68Hmt_Jfryk&gl=US&hl=en|archive-date=March 29, 2022|url-status=dead|type=video|language=ja|access-date=2022-03-29}}</ref> This segment was created with an exaggerated situation and staged moments to provide more drama. Western {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|''gyaru''}} have appeared on Japanese television since 2013, with a whole segment of a Japanese variety broadcast dedicated to various western {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|''gyaru''}} who were either in Japan at the time or abroad.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ギャル外国人|website=YouTube|date=January 18, 2013|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2y9Kts4Lavg|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330054635/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2y9Kts4Lavg&gl=US&hl=en|archive-date=March 30, 2022|url-status=dead|type=video|language=ja|access-date=2022-03-30 }}</ref>
Others that reflected and tried to capture the daily lifestyle of {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} on Japanese television were the Japanese FashionTV segments known as "Tokyo Girls".<ref>{{Cite web|title=東京女子の素顔に密着 新番組「TOKYO GIRLS」が開始 (2011年5月7日)|url=https://www.excite.co.jp/news/article/Fashionsnap_news_2011-05-07_tv-tokyo-girls/|access-date=2022-09-26|website=エキサイトニュース|date=May 7, 2011|language=ja|archive-date=January 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118120605/https://www.excite.co.jp/news/article/Fashionsnap_news_2011-05-07_tv-tokyo-girls/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=FASHIONSNAP.COM|date=2011-05-07|title=東京女子の素顔に密着 新番組「TOKYO GIRLS」が開始|url=https://www.fashionsnap.com/article/2011-05-07/tv-tokyo-girls/|access-date=2022-09-26|website=FASHIONSNAP.COM [ファッションスナップ・ドットコム] |language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-06-17|title=TOKYO GIRLS #1 渋谷109のブランド「ワンスポ(one spo)」のショップ店員、吉岡恵美 東京ガールズ Tokyo Girls ｜ファッションTV|url=http://www.ftv.co.jp/tokyo_girls.shtml?id=586|access-date=2022-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110617021023/http://www.ftv.co.jp/tokyo_girls.shtml?id=586|archive-date=June 17, 2011}}</ref> The first episode of this series filmed a day in a shop-staff ''one spo'' daily custom. The only proof of this episode existing since FashionTV's deletion of these episodes is a tumblr with gifs of this episode.<ref>{{Cite web|last=popcutie|title=''One spo'' staff gifs|url=https://popcutie.tumblr.com/post/8348493214|access-date=2022-09-26|website=Tumblr}}</ref> On the same tumblr there is also proof in gif of the episode of the shop staff ''Miauler Mew'' being followed for that episode.<ref>{{Cite web|last=popcutie|title=''Miauler Mew'' shop staff|url=https://popcutie.tumblr.com/post/10292659971|access-date=2022-10-07|website=Tumblr}}</ref>
South Korean comedian Park Seong-ho depicted a {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} or {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|kogyaru}} in 2012 for the KBS Entertainment Awards which was shown on KBS2, a sketch-comedy show called ''Gag Concert''. In the character of {{Korean|hangul=갸루상|rr=Gyaru-sang}}, he depicted someone so self-absorbed that she barely takes notice of those speaking directly to her and is portrayed as an idiot. But in an interview, Park Seong-ho admitted having little understanding of the {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} phenomenon.<ref>{{cite web|title=The man underneath layers of 'Gyaru' makeup|url=https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/2012/08/28/etc/The-man-underneath-layers-of-Gyaru-makeup/2958554.html|access-date=2021-10-05|website=koreajoongangdaily.joins.com|date=August 28, 2012|language=en}}</ref>
===Movies=== Some movies either center around or have a {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} influence to give it either a cult following or for a nostalgic factor for those who participated in {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}}.
In 2009, Japanese model {{Transliteration|en|Hepburn|''Rina Sakurai''}} from the magazine {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|koakuma ageha}} appeared in her own film, 'GIRL'S LIFE'.<ref>{{Citation|title="GIRL'S LIFE" japanese gyaru film trailer 3 (english subtitle) movies in minutes| date=March 8, 2011 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_TOCYeBGWDc |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/_TOCYeBGWDc |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|type=video|language=en|access-date=2021-08-06}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The protagonist in {{Transliteration|en|Hepburn|''Haruka Ichinose''}} is also a {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}}. A renowned scene in the movie is Haruka having to choose a name for herself since she started working as a hostess in a {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|kyabakura}} and after a minor disagreement with the hostess bar's manager regarding the nickname she originally proposed, she reluctantly decides to be nicknamed {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Ageha}}, a reference to the magazine for which she models.
Men's egg created in 2011 a movie that is reminiscent of 'Kamikaze Girls' premise; two people from completely different sides of life have to befriend or even help each-other. The movie 'men's egg drummers'<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-06-02 |title=Shibuya-kei fashion models take on taiko for movie "men's egg Drummers" {{!}} Tokyograph |url=http://www.tokyograph.com/news/shibuya-kei-fashion-models-take-on-taiko-for-movie-mens-egg-drummers |access-date=2024-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110602012417/http://www.tokyograph.com/news/shibuya-kei-fashion-models-take-on-taiko-for-movie-mens-egg-drummers |archive-date=June 2, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Shibuya-kei fashion models take on taiko for movie "men's egg Drummers" |url=https://aramatheydidnt.livejournal.com/2277859.html |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=aramatheydidnt.livejournal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-08-23 |title=Shibuya Gyaruo Models Graduate to The Silver Screen in "MEN'S EGG DRUMMERS" – Tokyo Fashion |url=https://tokyofashion.com/shibuya-gyaruo-models-mens-egg-drummers-movie/ |access-date=2024-03-07 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-06-06 |title=News: Yudai Yamaguchi And Teen Male Models In MEN'S EGG DRUMMERS. |url=http://twitchfilm.com/news/2011/05/yudai-yamaguchi-and-teen-male-models-in-mens-egg-drummers.php |access-date=2024-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606171610/http://twitchfilm.com/news/2011/05/yudai-yamaguchi-and-teen-male-models-in-mens-egg-drummers.php |archive-date=June 6, 2011 }}</ref> is about the young teen named Keita who was suddenly become the overseer of a shrine after he's father inexplicably falls ill. Keita has to now find new members for a {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|taiko}} drumming performance before an annual festival.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=29oaS4YoNxI |title=映画『men's egg Drummers -メンズエッグ・ドラマーズ-』予告編 |date=2011-07-06 |last=シネマトゥデイ |access-date=2025-06-23 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
In 2016, {{lang|ja|黒い暴動♥}} or known in English as '{{Nihongo|3=Ganguro}} gals riot' was released.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lwgylQOpQgU |title=『黒い暴動♥』予告編 |date=2016-07-26 |last=SPOTTED PRODUCTIONS |access-date=2025-05-10 |via=YouTube}}</ref> A group of high-school {{Nihongo|3=ganguro}} in the 1990s place a time capsule. Jump to current day, were said group are older not participants of said fashion but are reminiscing on those past events.
''Flying Colors'',<ref>{{Citation|title=映画『ビリギャル』予告編| date=March 13, 2015 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oyqqcgpWzsM |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/oyqqcgpWzsM |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|type=video|language=ja|access-date=2021-08-09}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=【Movie】Flying Colors (Trailer)【English subtitles】| date=October 28, 2015 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6R29eQGsQAk |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/6R29eQGsQAk |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|type=video|language=en|access-date=2021-10-11}}{{cbignore}}</ref> a 2015 film, has a {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} protagonist, {{Transliteration|en|Hepburn|''Sayaka Kudo''}}.
The 2018 Japanese movie Sunny: {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Tsuyoi Kimochi Tsuyoi Ai}}<ref>{{cite web|last=Schilling|first=Mark|date=2018-08-22|title='Sunny': The gang reunites for some 1990s nostalgia|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2018/08/22/films/film-reviews/sunny-gang-reunites-1990s-nostalgia/|access-date=2021-07-03|website=The Japan Times|language=en-US}}</ref> has a group of women reminiscing about their high school years in the 1990s and their time being {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}}.
===Music=== Many genres of music are popular for {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} and are sung or made by or for {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}}. From Eurobeat, to EDM, Trance, and other genres of music or Eurobeat remixes, they are casually listened to by {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}}. Eurobeat and songs that are remixes in said genre are regularly danced to as well with {{Nihongo|2=パラパラ|3=parapara}}. There are many albums of eurobeat music targeted towards {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} but these aren't the sole genres of music listened or made by or for {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}}. During the Heisei era the varying music that was produced towards a {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} audience is now considered in Japanese {{Nihongo|2=ギャルソングス|3=gyaru songs}}.
Singers such as Koda Kumi, Namie Amuro,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hannah |date=2021-03-31 |title=Best J-Pop: Gyaru Version, the Early Days |url=https://aramajapan.com/aramaexclusive/best-j-pop-gyaru-version-the-early-days/112464/ |access-date=2022-07-04 |website=ARAMA! JAPAN |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Meet Namie Amuro, the Japanese Madonna who has sold 36 mn records so far |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/meet-namie-amuro-the-japanese-madonna-who-has-sold-36-mn-records-so-far/articleshow/66005687.cms?=mdr |access-date=2022-09-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=NEWS |first=KYODO |title=Japanese pop diva Namie Amuro's fashion legacy lives on in memory, youth |url=https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2018/09/5bff8871c4ea-japanese-pop-divas-fashion-legacy-lives-on-in-memory-youth.html |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=Kyodo News+}}</ref> and Ayumi Hamasaki<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hannah |date=2021-04-15 |title=Best J-Pop Gyaru Version: The Rise of Ayu |url=https://aramajapan.com/aramaexclusive/best-j-pop-gyaru-version-the-rise-of-ayu/112715/ |access-date=2022-07-04 |website=ARAMA! JAPAN |language=en-US}}</ref> are internationally famous, and regarded as inspiration for many {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}}. Other J-pop artists who were considered to be essential to listen to were LOVE to LOVE, GAL DOLL,<ref>{{cite web|title=So Many Changes Through the History : 'GALDOLL', An Idol Group With Just 2 Fans|url=http://tokyogirlsupdate.com/galdoll-introduction-20151062127.html|access-date=2021-05-25|website=Japanese kawaii idol music culture news {{!}} Tokyo Girls Update|date=October 2015 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-09-14 |title=GALDOLLさんのコレクション {{!}} SukiColle[スキコレ！] |url=http://sukicolle.com/galdoll |access-date=2022-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130914023102/http://sukicolle.com/galdoll |archive-date=September 14, 2013 }}</ref> KAHORI, and Juliet. Other favorites include Sifow, who was at the time not only a model but also a singer for J-Pop as she had been a solo artist when starting her music career as Sifow.<ref>{{cite web|title=sifowの作品|url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/prof/383010/products/|access-date=2021-05-25|website=ORICON NEWS}}</ref>
===={{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Gyaru}} musicians==== {{div col|colwidth=15em}} *Alice Peralta *(men's egg) ASAS *(men's egg) CiEL *{{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Dīpusu}} ({{Literal translation|deeps}}) *GAL DOLL *{{Nihongo||ギャルル|Gyaruru}} *{{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyarusā}} Angeleek *{{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyarusā}} black diamond *{{Nihongo||半熟卵っち|Hanjuku tamago tchi|{{Literal translation|soft-boiled egg}}}} *HIM-egg *Hiromi ({{Lang|ja|宏実}}) *Juliet *KAHORI *Kalen Anzai *Kana Nishino *Lil'B *LOVE to LOVE *Mayumi Iizuka *Miliyah Kato *mini *Misaki Izuoka ({{Lang|ja|出岡美咲}}) *Tsubasa Masuwaka, a.k.a. Milky Bunny *Hikari Shiina, a.k.a. Pikarin Shiina *PlayZ *Rina Sakurai, a.k.a. Rina *{{lang|ja|渋谷}}GAL's ({{Transliteration|en|Hepburn|Shibuya}} GAL's) *Sifow *SioreeNa *Suzuki Kirei *Sweet Licious *Tomomi Itano *Aina Tanaka and Yuma Takahashi a.k.a. yumachi&aina {{div col end}}
===Video games=== [[File:Cosplay of Junko Enoshima from Danganronpa at Katsucon 2014 (13600371944).jpg|thumb|Cosplay of Junko Enoshima from ''Danganronpa'' at Katsucon in 2014]]
Many characters from various Japanese media have a {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} connection. For example, in the ''Yakuza'' series, especially in its third iteration, ''Yakuza 3''. It debuted a side-mission which would then be included with its gameplay and features in later sequels. Where in fictional {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Kabukichō}} or as the game refers to it as {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Kamurocho}}, the player would need to recruit women to join a hostess club. These women were actual {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} from the magazine {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Koakuma Ageha}}. These models are used as actual character models in the game; their whole appearance was replicated to the smallest detail to have them created and placed as 3D characters. These models from ''Koakuma Ageha'' are Sayaka Araki, Nemu, Rina Sakurai, Eri Momoka, Riho Nishiyama, Rina Aikawa, and Muto Shizuka. They have even been compared to their replicated three-dimensional counterparts.<ref>{{cite web|title=Twitter user gyaruoftheday posts about the similarities between models and 3D characters|url=https://twitter.com/gyaruoftheday/status/1332534072967622656|access-date=2021-05-26|website=Twitter|language=en}}</ref>
These characters became hostess of these fictional hostess clubs; if the player chooses to do this side-mission and complete it. The hostess club section of the game first appeared in ''Yakuza 2'' in the sense of visiting the clubs themselves and not in the similar way as in the third game where the player recruited actual members for the clubs. They even have their own magazine in the games called ''Kamutai'' magazine which is also replica of the actual magazine ''Koakuma Ageha''.<ref>{{cite web|date=2008-11-28|title=セガ、『龍が如く3』の発売日が決定 - あの「伝説の予約特典」も帰ってきた|url=https://news.mynavi.jp/article/20081128-a022/|access-date=2021-05-26|website=マイナビニュース|language=ja}}</ref> This content was omitted in the Western releases of ''Yakuza 3''.
In ''Danganronpa'', the character of Junko Enoshima is inspired by {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} subculture; she is called a ''super high school level'' {{transliteration|ja|hepburn|gyaru}} (in the English dub, this is changed to “Ultimate Fashionista”).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Remizova |first=Maria |date=2022-09-28 |title=10 Best Gyaru Characters In Anime, Ranked |url=https://www.cbr.com/best-anime-gyaru-characters-ranked/ |access-date=2022-12-29 |website=CBR |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pavey |first=Vince |date=2021-10-21 |title=Who are the Danganronpa 1 characters? |url=https://www.wepc.com/gaming/danganronpa-1-characters/ |access-date=2022-12-29 |website=WePC {{!}} Let's build your dream gaming PC |language=en-US}}</ref> The ''Persona'' series also has a {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}}. In ''Revelations: Persona'', there is a {{Transliteration|ja|kogyaru}} named Yuka Ayase. ''No More Heroes 2: Desperate Struggle'' has a {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|kogyaru}} enemy as a character. The player must defeat her to proceed in-game; she is known as Shinobu Jacobs who is encountered later in the game. The visual novel escape room series ''Zero Escape'' has the character {{Nihongo|Clover Field|四葉フィールド|Yotsuba fi-rudo}} that is portrayed as a {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}}.
The ''Wagamama Fashion: Girls Mode'' series,<ref>{{Citation|title=Girls Mode - Japanese Trailer| date=October 13, 2008 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8rA9m5czgvU|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423150328/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8rA9m5czgvU&gl=US&hl=en|archive-date=April 23, 2022 |url-status=dead |type=video|language=ja|access-date=2022-04-23}}</ref> known as Style Savvy and Style Boutique in North America and the PAL region respectively, is based on multiple Japanese street fashion subcultures and has a main focus on brands and selling apparel. The video game has a variety of brands and styles but also some of these that can be interpreted as mimicking or representing some {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} fashion brands. For example, the in-game apparel brand AZ*USA (AZ-USA in the West) has a striking resemblance to the {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} brand D.I.A.; another would be the brand CherryBerry (April bonbon in the West) also having its own representation of the {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|amekaji}} style. Most probable inspiration would be the {{Transliteration|jan|Hepburn|gyaru}} brand COCO*LULU.
The video-game franchise ''Animal Crossing'' by Nintendo also had a {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}}, but she only appeared in a spin-off game of this series. Specifically the ''Animal Crossing: Happy Home Designer'' on the Nintendo 3DS, the character named Lottie appears in that video game for the first time, she is a character represented as an otter. After multiple encounters with her, there will be an in-game event on the third day of gameplay, where her uncle Lyle will state himself that she wears too much makeup in a game dialogue and in a later in-game event she can even be found without her makeup. She will state to the player character, that it was due to the fact she woke up too late for work but would often wear her makeup to impress a male colleague; the colleague's name in game is Digby.<ref>{{cite web|title=The character Lottie stating her not using makeup|url=https://i.redd.it/kc0clddirpn01.jpg|access-date=16 July 2021|website=reddit}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The character Lottie stating the reason for her wearing an extensive amount of makeup|url=https://66.media.tumblr.com/1d3f04013a9ed48fb18891eaeb62038d/tumblr_inline_nwglz0W1Ba1qjg8z9_1280.jpg|website=tumblr}}</ref> She also appears in ''Animal Crossing: amiibo festival'' on the Wii U. Here are her looks on in-game.<ref>{{cite web|website=tumblr|title=Lottie's in-game looks|access-date=1 January 2023| url=https://78.media.tumblr.com/0dde883f689a7e52d0c1a51238101f9b/tumblr_pro9h66kkJ1vjpqr1o1_1280.png|format=png}}</ref> This character has recently been added to the Nintendo Switch version of Animal Crossing, ''Animal Crossing: New Horizons'', through the paid downloadable content of ''Animal Crossing: Happy Home Paradise''. Though that isn't supposedly the only {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} influenced character in ''Animal Crossing''; but instead of a non-playable character it is an actual villager within the series. The gorilla villager Jane (or Fever, {{lang|ja|フィーバー}}) has been remarked having a {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|ganguro}} like appearance in {{lang|ja|どうぶつの森}} ({{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|doubutsu no mori}}) on the Nintendo 64 and Japanese versions of said game on the GameCube.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The villager Jane in NTSC-J versions |url=https://dodo.ac/np/images/0/01/Jane_DnM%2B.png}}</ref>
Another video game franchise with a {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} character is the ''Dragon Quest'' series. On the Nintendo DS game ''Dragon Quest IX'' there is a {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} as the fairy character, Sandy.<ref>{{cite web|title=Why Is There A Tanned Fairy In Dragon Quest IX?|url=https://kotaku.com/why-is-there-a-tanned-fairy-in-dragon-quest-ix-5304195|access-date=2021-10-16|website=Kotaku|date=July 2009 |language=en-us}}</ref> The video-game company, Nintendo did not only cater to {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} by the use of video-game promotions with {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} or video games related to the {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} subculture. They have a series of applications that can be used for both the Nintendo DSi and Nintendo 3DS. They are on the Nintendo DSiWare and the Nintendo eShop. It is a {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|purikura}} application for both video-game consoles developed by the company Atlus. In Japan this series of applications are known as {{Nihongo|2=いつでもプリクラ キラデコプレミアム|3=itsudemo purikura kiradekopuremiamu}} and abroad as the 'Sparkle Snapshots' series.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nintendo Direct: Tobidasu Puricula Kiradeco Revolution Announced - News|url=https://www.nintendoworldreport.com/news/28801/nintendo-direct-tobidasu-puricula-kiradeco-revolution-announced|access-date=2021-12-26|website=Nintendo World Report}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=いつでもプリクラ☆キラデコプレミアム CM|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3_8_zh8nR0|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226023758/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3_8_zh8nR0|archive-date=December 26, 2021 |url-status=dead |type=video|language=ja|access-date=2021-12-26}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=3D Purikura Trailer [Nintendo Direct]| date=December 26, 2011 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fm-Gg4BglCg|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226023757/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fm-Gg4BglCg|archive-date=December 26, 2021 |url-status=dead |type=video|language=ja|access-date=2021-12-26}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Sparkle Snapshots 3D (3DS) eShop| date=October 18, 2012 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xJW9fPHic54|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226023757/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xJW9fPHic54|archive-date=December 26, 2021 |url-status=dead |type=video|language=en|access-date=2021-12-26}}</ref>
Nintendo has made an homage to {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} by having weapons in Wii U game ''Splatoon'' being inspired by {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|decoden}} culture as weapons in-game such as the ''.52 deco gal'' and ''.96 deco gal'';<ref>{{Cite web |title=.52 deco gal image |url=https://cdn.wikimg.net/en/splatoonwiki/images/1/17/S2_Weapon_Main_.52_Gal_Deco.png}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=.96 deco gal image |url=https://cdn.wikimg.net/en/splatoonwiki/images/c/c3/S2_Weapon_Main_.96_Gal_Deco.png}}</ref> their name are Japanese puns to {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} culture through {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|goroawase}} as ''.52 deco gal'' is {{Nihongo|2=ゴツ|3=gotsu}} ''deco gal'' and ''.96 deco gal'' being {{Nihongo|2=クロ|3=kuro}} ''deco gal''; they have also used amiibo as a costume for the same game, a {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|kogyaru}} outfit for female inkling characters.<ref>[https://i.pinimg.com/564x/22/3c/c8/223cc8032155056bb5539bd22d874105--challenges-hilarious.jpg Female squid character in the amiibo outfit]</ref> Besides that ''Splatoon 2'' octoling idol Marina voice actress is a {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} known as Alice Peralta<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alice Official YouTube Channel - YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/c/AlicePeralta/videos |access-date=2022-10-07 |website=www.youtube.com}}</ref> and also has her own group with the voice actress of Pearl as the LAIDBACKS.<ref>{{Cite web |title=LAIDBACKS - YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCeCeAjKZOLvh71wePusHl2w/videos |access-date=2022-10-07 |website=www.youtube.com}}</ref>
The ''Super Gals!'' anime series had its own video game, it is a series of threequels published in 2001 and 2002; produced by Konami for the Game Boy color and the PlayStation.<ref>{{Citation|title=CM コナミ 超GALS!寿蘭 1＆2 （GBC）| date=January 18, 2011 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f8gGhlqrLq8|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807005655/https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=f8gGhlqrLq8|archive-date=August 7, 2021 |url-status=dead |language=ja|type=video|access-date=2021-08-07}}</ref> The anime series ''Hime Gal Paradise'' also had its own video game<ref>{{Citation|title=ニンテンドー3DS「姫ギャル・パラダイス」CMスポット| date=December 27, 2011 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sySoBtGro0E|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809035901/https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=sySoBtGro0E&feature=youtu.be|archive-date=August 9, 2021 |url-status=dead |language=ja|type=video|access-date=2021-08-10}}</ref> on the Nintendo 3DS published by Nippon Columbia-games.<ref>{{cite web|title=日本コロムビア ゲーム ラインナップ|url=https://www.columbia-games.com/|access-date=2021-08-10|website=www.columbia-games.com}}</ref>
The avatar fashion web browser game and virtual community which later became a sequel series on the Nintendo DS, ''Poupéegirl'', was popular amongst {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}}.
=== Web === On the Internet, there are many makeup tutorials and event videos of {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} meeting each other on YouTube. Many videos discuss this fashion subculture, such as article videos, history videos, makeovers, and questionnaire videos.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prejudice or Sexy? What Japanese REALLY think of GYARU GIRLS in Japan. | website=YouTube | date=March 18, 2018 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r_XoLL7_-5A |access-date=16 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115134119/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r_XoLL7_-5A&gl=US&hl=en |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 15, 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=3 Generations REACT to Japanese GYARU FASHION | website=YouTube | date=September 13, 2016 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7yPeaey75KM |access-date=2021-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110191516/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7yPeaey75KM&gl=US&hl=en |url-status=dead |language=en |archive-date=November 10, 2021 }}</ref> There is also a video that has been uploaded by the YouTube channel of the older women's magazine {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Josei Jishin}} as the Jinsin channel; that has the twins Guri and Gura Yoshikawa giving a make-over to an elderly women to resemble them.<ref>{{Cite web |title=[動画] ぐりぐらが教えてあげるばい！？ ギャルデビュー？還暦だって〝目〟で変わる！ |url=https://jisin.jp/entertainment/interview/1618918/ |access-date=2025-04-22 |website=女性自身 |language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=63歳がギャルデビュー!還暦だって〝目〟で変わる！ ギャルメイク | website=YouTube | date=April 20, 2014 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VWdBeoBXCXM |access-date=2022-10-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008102128/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VWdBeoBXCXM |language=en |archive-date=October 8, 2022 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
There are also {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} parody videos and even Japanese television program fragments remain viewable on YouTube, ridiculing {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} and {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaruo}}. One of the most famous is the 2011 {{Nihongo|2=GAL男宣言|3=GAL O sengen|4={{lit|Gyaru O declaration}}}} created by the Japanese music group {{Nihongo|Policeman|ポリスマン|porisuman}},<ref>{{Cite web |title=ポリスマン／GAL男宣言 | website=YouTube | date=January 9, 2011 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1EKTw50Uf8M |type=video |access-date=16 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929144308/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1EKTw50Uf8M |url-status=dead |language=ja |archive-date=September 29, 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Sherman |first=Jennifer |date=2018-02-23 |title=Before Making Pop Team Epic's 'Hellshake Yano,' AC-bu Started Meme With Music Video |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2018-02-23/before-making-pop-team-epic-hellshake-yano-ac-bu-started-meme-with-music-video/.128134 |access-date=2021-08-31 |website=Anime News Network |language=en}}</ref> which achieved brief popularity outside of Japan as an Internet meme.<ref>{{cite web |date=February 7, 2012 |title=Galo Sengen |url=https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/galo-sengen |access-date=2021-08-31 |website=Know Your Meme}}</ref> A recent parody that can be also interpreted as an honoring of every notable {{Transliteration|en|Hepburn|''gyaru''}} that has appeared in manga, anime, and hentai is the YouTube video {{Transliteration|en|Hepburn|''Gyaru''}} ''Sushi''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gyaru Sushi | website=YouTube | date=May 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MnmCQIrSxH4 |type=video |access-date=2021-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806032750/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MnmCQIrSxH4 |url-status=dead |language=ja |archive-date=August 6, 2021 }}</ref> It refers to an actual sushi restaurant in Rio de Janeiro.
===Products and commercial media=== There are many products for {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} and products endorsed by them or their companies, such as magazines.
====Make-up and beauty accessories==== [[File:Fake Eyelashes.jpg|thumb|Fake eyelashes]] Cosmetic products, ranging from makeup to false eyelashes from non-{{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}}-owned cosmetic companies to {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}}-created and owned cosmetic companies were plentiful during the Heisei era.
Tsubasa Masuwaka's cosmetic line {{Nihongo|2=キャンディドール|3=kyandidōru|4={{lit|candy doll}}}} and false eyelash brand {{Nihongo|2=ドーリーウインク|3=dōrīuinku|4={{lit|dolly wink}}}}<ref>{{Citation|title=30s 益若つばさ CM KOJI Dolly Wink ♪Milky Bunny／ずるいよ･･･| date=January 24, 2012 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dE1oFmpLSHY|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118030942/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dE1oFmpLSHY&gl=US&hl=en|archive-date=January 18, 2022 |url-status=dead |type=video|language=ja|access-date=2022-01-18}}</ref> are manufactured and sold by the Japanese company Koji Honpo Co. Limited ({{Lang|ja|コージー本舗}}). Both of these brands still exist, but with new packaging and a different target clientele. Cosmetic company Meiko Cosmetics Incorporated ({{Lang|ja|メイコー化粧品}}), also known by its license name SHOBIDO ({{Lang|ja|粧美堂}}), best known for its false eyelash brand {{Nihongo|2=ダイヤモンドラッシュ|3=daiyamondorasshu|4={{lit|diamond lash}}}}, released many commercials during the 2010s with many {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} models from that time period, including Chinatsu Wakatsuki,<ref>{{Cite web |title=魔法のつけまDiamondLash（ダイヤモンドラッシュ） 若槻千夏ver | website=YouTube | date=August 23, 2010 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R-eAx-acuCU |type=video |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115075845/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R-eAx-acuCU&gl=US&hl=en |language=ja |access-date=2022-01-15 |archive-date=January 15, 2022 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Natsumi Saito ({{Lang|ja|斉藤夏海}}),<ref>{{Cite web |title=魔法のつけまDiamondLash（ダイヤモンドラッシュ） ピュアシリーズver | website=YouTube | date=August 23, 2010 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4si-InTWZLw |type=video |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116012217/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4si-InTWZLw |language=ja |access-date=2022-01-15 |archive-date=January 16, 2022 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Satomi Yakuwa ({{Lang|ja|八鍬里美}}), Kurotaki Maria ({{Lang|ja|黒瀧まりあ}}) and Muto Shizuka ({{Lang|ja|武藤静香}}).<ref>{{Cite web |title=魔法のつけまDiamondLash（ダイヤモンドラッシュ） ボリュームシリーズver | website=YouTube | date=August 23, 2010 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d7VL_FW0ATY |type=video |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115075853/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d7VL_FW0ATY |language=ja |access-date=2022-01-15 |archive-date=January 15, 2022 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
There are many advertisements for wigs from Japanese companies with endorsements by {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} models.
There are three notable wig brands: {{Nihongo|Aquadoll|アクアドール|Akuadōru}}, {{Nihongo|LOVES WIG|ラブズウィッグ|Rabuzuuwiggu}}, and {{Nihongo|Prisila|プリシラ|Purishira}}. Aquadoll made a commercial featuring many {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} models and actresses to promote their various wigs.<ref>{{Citation|title=AQUADOLL CM 【アクアドール CM】| date=November 29, 2011 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-lDSE8k5ObE|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815222251/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-lDSE8k5ObE|archive-date=August 15, 2021 |url-status=dead |type=video|language=ja|access-date=2021-08-15}}</ref> LOVES WIG made multiple commercials for wigs created with popteen model Kumiko Funayama's endorsement.<ref>{{Citation|title=くみっきープロデュースのウィッグ登場！| date=January 23, 2013 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SvmrjlQdRL4|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210825103118/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SvmrjlQdRL4|archive-date=August 25, 2021 |url-status=dead |type=video|language=ja|access-date=2021-08-25}}</ref> And Prisila made a commercial with the endorsement of popteen model Nana Suzuki for a smaller array of wigs such as clip-on bangs and clip-on extensions.<ref>{{Citation|title=【公式】鈴木奈々ちゃんとのコラボウィッグをご紹介♪/nana suzuki {{sic|colab|oration|nolink=y}} wig and hair piece by prisila【PRISILA(プリシラ)】| date=December 8, 2013 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kxO0ksnL2hY|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815222253/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kxO0ksnL2hY|archive-date=August 15, 2021 |url-status=dead |type=video|language=ja|access-date=2021-08-15}}</ref> Prisila is also known for its taglines that have appeared in Japanese television and {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} magazines as well, such as 'No wig, no life!'<ref>{{Citation|title=プリシラＣＭ| date=September 19, 2014 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bN3CefPwFeo|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815223740/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bN3CefPwFeo|archive-date=August 15, 2021 |url-status=dead |type=video|language=ja|access-date=2021-08-15}}</ref>
Japanese hair-dye products also had {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}}-based ads during that time that now appear on YouTube. There are two notable hair-dye brands noted in the {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} subculture: {{Nihongo|Palty|パルティー|Parutī}} and {{Nihongo|Beauteen|ビューティーン|Byūtīn}}.<ref>{{Citation|title=mihimaru GT 俄然Yeah! ダリヤ パルティ|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kQ5Qa0m2zg|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815234035/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kQ5Qa0m2zg|archive-date=August 15, 2021 |url-status=dead |type=video|language=ja|access-date=2021-08-15}}</ref> {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Gyaru}} models Tsubasa Masuwaka and Kumiko Funayama promoted Palty<ref>{{Citation|title=Palty CM (Full ver.)| date=October 11, 2009 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pu1uSwMx8og|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815234030/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pu1uSwMx8og|archive-date=August 15, 2021 |url-status=dead |type=video|language=ja|access-date=2021-08-15}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Palty（益若つばさ） CM 【HD】| date=November 9, 2009 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MIxjJgTkEs8|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815234028/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MIxjJgTkEs8|archive-date=August 15, 2021 |url-status=dead |type=video|language=ja|access-date=2021-08-15}}</ref> and Beauteen,<ref>{{Citation|title=いいなCM ホーユー Beauteen くみっきー 泡立つミルキーヘアカラー篇| date=April 15, 2012 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ucCHSJ1cRk|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815234030/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ucCHSJ1cRk|archive-date=August 15, 2021 |url-status=dead |type=video|language=ja|access-date=2021-08-15}}</ref> respectively. Tsubasa Masuwaka has even appeared in advertisements for its male hair-dye variant of Palty.<ref>{{Citation|title=CM 益若つばさ パルティー バックダンサーズ篇| date=March 16, 2012 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jglbYLMIeCg|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815234028/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jglbYLMIeCg|archive-date=August 15, 2021 |url-status=dead |type=video|language=ja|access-date=2021-08-15}}</ref> And South Korean Pop group KARA appeared in a 2011 commercial for the Palty brand with Tsubasa Masuwaka placing the dye on her hair while KARA sing their new song, {{Lang|ja|ガールズビーアンビシャス}} ({{Transliteration|en|Hepburn|Gāruzubīanbishasu}}, {{Literal translation|Girls be ambitious}}).<ref>{{Citation|title=[HD] KARA (カラ) - Palty CM 15s Ver. (BGM : Girl's be Ambitious)| date=March 27, 2011 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zA_lVEYRrHw|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926160104/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zA_lVEYRrHw|archive-date=September 26, 2021 |url-status=dead |type=video|language=ja|access-date=2021-09-26}}</ref>
During the movement's heyday, electronic hair tools and accessories were created for {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}}. Tsubasa Masuwaka endorsed the TsuyaGla Perfect portable hair straightener collection, which was produced by the brand {{Nihongo|CJ Prime Shopping|CJプライムショッピング|CJ puraimu shoppingu}}. It is a hair straightener including accessories such as plastic covers to create curls with them to almost the same effect as a hair curl with a hair curler. They were produced in candy pink, midnight navy, and virgin white.<ref>{{Citation|title=プライムショッピング ツヤグラパーフェクト| date=September 8, 2010 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MWl9fw_cNiY|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809123634/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MWl9fw_cNiY|archive-date=August 9, 2021 |url-status=dead |type=video|language=ja|access-date=2021-08-09}}</ref> CJ Prime shopping also made a professional version of the TsuyaGla Perfect hair straightener with the endorsement of Jun Komori as {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} model,<ref>{{Citation|title=ツヤグラプロ〜小森純ちゃんのお気に入り〜【CJプライムショッピング】| date=November 24, 2010 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-y6fJs9wkNU|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210825103116/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-y6fJs9wkNU|archive-date=August 25, 2021 |url-status=dead |type=video|language=ja|access-date=2021-08-25}}</ref> this version being simply called TsuyaGla Pro. The same Japanese company have also made a wave hair curling iron and regular curling iron with Kumiko Funayama as the endorser; this time the products were called TsuyaGla Wave and TsuyaGla Curl.<ref>{{Citation|title=ツヤグラウェーブ【CJプライムショッピング】| date=November 30, 2011 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fIaAqLMOx8k|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811102349/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fIaAqLMOx8k|archive-date=August 11, 2021 |url-status=dead |type=video|language=ja|access-date=2021-08-11}}</ref>
====Toys and mascot items==== [[File:West entrance of Shibuya 109 Harbour City Branch (20181121152832).jpg|thumb|The West entrance of Shibuya 109 in 2018; old 109 department logo present at the time]]
In 2021, a selection of gashapon were released to the market, made to resemble various folded origami paper cranes made by {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}}. Their poor appearance was noticed by the Japanese public. But these origami were made to have this appearance due to the artificial nails of the {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} who made them, and were sought after due to their rarity and handmade nature.<ref>{{cite web|date=2021-11-30|title=Low-quality paper cranes folded by young gyaru – Japan's newest weird capsule toys|url=https://soranews24.com/2021/11/30/low-quality-paper-cranes-folded-by-young-gyaru-japans-newest-weird-capsule-toys/|access-date=2021-12-03|website=SoraNews24 -Japan News-|language=en-US}}</ref> Each gashapon also came with a philosophical question or phrase.<ref>{{cite web |date=2022-04-26 |title=Origami folded by gyaru – The first capsule toy it's impossible to get a complete set of【Photos】 |url=https://soranews24.com/2022/04/27/origami-folded-by-gyaru-the-first-capsule-toy-its-impossible-to-get-a-complete-set-of%e3%80%90photos%e3%80%91/ |access-date=2022-04-28 |website=SoraNews24 -Japan News- |language=en-US}}</ref> In 2022, {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} magazine ''egg'' produced a series of capsule toys for both {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} and collectors. The selection of these capsule toys ranged from six different magazine covers made into keychains, plastic pins with {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} slang and new models from the magazine in metal pins with the added bonus of all of these variants having an added magazine logo as a sticker.<ref>{{cite web|title=Relive Japan's outrageous gyaru style with these capsule toys|url=https://grapee.jp/en/192636|access-date=2022-01-25|website=grape Japan}}</ref> On September 14, 2022, Sanrio made a collection of 17 items based on {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|kogyaru}} subculture, consisting of four mascots on keychains, accessory cases, and hair clips.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-13 |title=Sanrio Releases New Collection Inspired by Gyaru from the 90s and 2000s |url=https://www.moshimoshi-nippon.jp/636314 |access-date=2022-09-27 |website=MOSHI MOSHI NIPPON {{!}} もしもしにっぽん |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-14 |title=Hello Kitty goes back to the '90s for Sanrio's kogyaru schoolgirl collection【Photos】 |url=https://soranews24.com/2022/09/14/hello-kitty-goes-back-to-the-90s-for-sanrios-kogyaru-schoolgirl-collection%e3%80%90photos%e3%80%91/ |access-date=2022-09-27 |website=SoraNews24 -Japan News- |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sanrio characters channel Japan's high school gyaru fashion with new "Heisei retro" lineup |url=https://grapee.jp/en/211485 |access-date=2022-09-30 |website=grape Japan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-16 |title=Sanrio Creates "Gyaru" Style Hello Kitty Merchandise! {{!}} Around Akiba |url=https://aroundakiba.tv/news/sanrio-creates-gyaru-style-hello-kitty-merchandise/ |access-date=2023-04-02 |language=en-US}}</ref> A collaborative commercial between Russia and Japan was made with a photoshoot with model Natsuko Matsumoto the Russian mascot Cheburashka.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cheburaska being held by ''Natsuko Matsumoto''|url=https://78.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lhc0lrfr161qgbo51o1_1280.jpg|website=Tumblr}}</ref> The merchandise franchise {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|mameshiba}} made a short featuring {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|ganguro}} talking to each other, when the mascot character {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|mameshiba}} appears and gives worldly triva.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mameshiba 19 - Fava Bean [with English annotations] | website=YouTube | date=July 2011 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pmank2o4DOY |access-date=2024-03-26 |language=en}}</ref> The doll Jenny produced by the company Takara Tomy also had {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} influence, adding an entirely new doll to the Jenny line named Jessica with appropriate {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}}-influenced clothes that are based on the substyle {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|agejo}}, but are misclassified in the commercial as {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|hime gyaru}}.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W22dkbkHfIg |title=Jenny Fashionista Commercial - NEWS DOLLS - Takara Tomy - |date=2011-07-03 |last=Latte e Cartoni Time Machine |access-date=2024-09-25 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
====Electronics==== In a competition for the Japanese music company, AVEX Inc., Kumiko Funayama won a special background for Japanese flip phones with Sanrio and {{Nihongo|2=ミュゥモ|3=Myuumo}}, AVEX's digital music distribution company, to create a specific Hello Kitty character that resembles Kumiko Funayama herself.<ref>{{cite web|title=「Popteen」と新・オンガク生活【mu-mo】がスペシャル・コラボ！Hello Kitty×Popteen 2010きせかえキット独占配信中！|url=https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000001.000002481.html|access-date=2021-08-25|website=プレスリリース・ニュースリリース配信シェアNo.1｜PR TIMES|date=August 5, 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=「Popteen」と新・オンガク生活【mu-mo】がスペシャル・コラボ！Hello Kitty×Popteen 2010きせかえキット独占配信中！|url=https://japan.cnet.com/release/10461245/|access-date=2021-08-25|website=japan.cnet.com|language=ja|archive-date=August 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210825103120/https://japan.cnet.com/release/10461245/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=【mu-mo】くみっきー / 「LOVE うた ～ くみっきーLOVE PROJECT」きせかえキット|date=January 31, 2011|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jCYw8aa-J1w|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210825103120/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jCYw8aa-J1w|archive-date=August 25, 2021|url-status=dead|type=video|language=ja|access-date=2021-08-25}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=【mu-mo】 Hello Kitty×Popteen / くみっきー風キティちゃん きせかえキット| date=August 5, 2010|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VoswH-J7hyI|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210825103118/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VoswH-J7hyI|archive-date=August 25, 2021|url-status=dead|type=video|language=ja|access-date=2021-08-25}}</ref> Another Japanese electronic brand, Fujitsu, collaborated with both Kumiko Funayama and three brands from the Shibuya department store 109: Cecil McBee, COCO*LULU'','' and Pinky Girls.<ref>{{Citation|title=いいなCM 富士通 F-04C くみっきー 「盛りGIRLS」篇|date=September 11, 2012|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMxoEIEhSis|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110195105/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMxoEIEhSis&gl=US&hl=en|archive-date=November 10, 2021|url-status=dead|type=video|language=ja|access-date=2021-10-12}}</ref> This mutual effort was made through the use of their flip phone products from the line of NTT Docomo.<ref>{{cite web|last=FASHIONSNAP.COM|date=2011-01-18|title="盛る"ケータイ 渋谷109系3ブランドとコラボ|url=https://www.fashionsnap.com/article/2011-01-18/109-mobile-docomo/|access-date=2021-10-12|website=FASHIONSNAP.COM [ファッションスナップ・ドットコム]|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Docomo新機種紹介 SHIBUYA109 人気ブランド コラボレーション|date=November 8, 2010|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uBNBswWZFc0|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110203820/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uBNBswWZFc0&gl=US&hl=en|archive-date=November 10, 2021|url-status=dead|type=video|language=ja|access-date=2021-10-12}}</ref> In 2011, electronics company Panasonic produced the Panasonic Lumix FX77, a camera praised for its use of face-altering functions such as adding makeup onto a photographed bare face. This was commercialized in collaboration with then-{{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} model Yuka Obara, presented by the American news program CBS News on their YouTube channel.<ref>{{Citation|title=Camera adds makeup to photographs|date=March 2, 2011|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y8vHXKiQaZo|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220416235954/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y8vHXKiQaZo&gl=US&hl=en|archive-date=April 16, 2022|url-status=dead|type=video|language=en|access-date=2022-04-16}}</ref> The Japanese company FuRyu, which produces {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|purikura}} machines, collaborated with then-popteen model Tsubasa Masuwaka for their new machine in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|title=益若つばさ、新CMで愛犬と初共演 「可愛すぎる」の声 - モデルプレス|url=https://mdpr.jp/gal/detail/1147070|access-date=2021-09-26|website=モデルプレス - ライフスタイル・ファッションエンタメニュース|date=July 26, 2011|language=ja}}</ref> In 2011, an iOS 3 "no make-up" application "''The {{lang|ja|すっぴん。ギャル編}}''" or "''The {{lang|ja|スッピン。ギャル編}}'' ({{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Suppin. Gyaru-hen}}, {{Literal translation|The No make-up {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} edition}}) was released. It did the inverse of most photography filters for selfies, removing make-up instead of adding it.<ref>{{Cite web|title=iPhone「The スッピン。 キャバ嬢編」あなたが好きなキャバ嬢は実は・・！ {{!}} iPhone App Star|url=http://iphone0appli.blog.2nt.com/blog-entry-440.html|access-date=2022-10-07|website=iphone0appli.blog.2nt.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The スッピン。ギャル編: ギャルの顔を指でゴシゴシして素顔を見ちゃおう。1803|url=https://www.appbank.net/2010/07/06/iphone-application/140095.php|access-date=2022-10-07|website=AppBank|date=July 6, 2010|language=ja|archive-date=October 7, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007113047/https://www.appbank.net/2010/07/06/iphone-application/140095.php|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=大沢与一|title=【The スッピン。キャバ嬢編 ＆ ギャル編】真・みてはいけない|url=https://bonkura360.blog.fc2.com/blog-entry-9.html|access-date=2022-10-07|website=bonkura360.blog.fc2.com|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The スッピン。 ギャル編|url=https://yoyaku-top10.jp/apps/NTI1Nw?os=ios|access-date=2022-10-07|website=予約トップ10|language=ja}}</ref> There is a {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|kyabajō}} version as well. The corporation Heiwa, which produces {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|pachinko}} machines, has also had collaborations with {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} such as Muto Shizuka and Momoka Eri for making a {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|kyabajō}} {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|pachinko}} machine; called {{lang|ja|パチンコCRラブ嬢小悪魔}} ({{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Pachinko CR rabu jō shōakuma}}).<ref>{{Cite web|title=桃華絵里 ＆ 武藤静香 CR ラブ嬢 CM|website=YouTube|date=February 23, 2011|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wcAoVYB-28E|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007080806/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wcAoVYB-28E&gl=US&hl=en|language=en|access-date=2022-10-07|archive-date=October 7, 2022|url-status=dead }}</ref>
Naver corporation and Line corporation from their software application line of Line games being known as the free-to-play application Line Play featured {{Transliteration|en|Hepburn|''gyaru''}} models and singers, or characters from {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Official LINE PLAY {{!}} Official Site |url=https://play.game.line.me/en/ |access-date=2022-04-25 |website=play.game.line.me |language=en}}</ref> It is a social networking and avatar virtual community application that is not only used by {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} but has {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} influences within the game and commercial partnerships. The use of these would be through in-game gachapon machines through either in-game currency or by microtransactions where items of virtual furniture or clothes could be acquired by playing them. Those to note are from J-pop singers Ayumi Hamasaki and Koda Kumi;<ref name="倖田來未＆くみっきーのLINE公式アカウントが登場！">{{cite web|title=倖田來未＆くみっきーのLINE公式アカウントが登場！|url=https://official-blog-ja.line.me/archives/22545666.html|access-date=2022-04-25|website=LINE公式ブログ|date=January 22, 2013|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=【公式アバター】デビュー15周��を迎える倖田來未ルームがリニューアル！いままでリリースした曲やライブのアイテムが登場♪ : LINE PLAY（ラインプレイ）公式ブログ|url=https://blog.lineplay.jp/archives/42252190.html|access-date=2022-04-25|website=LINE PLAY（ラインプレイ）公式ブログ|date=December 8, 2014|language=ja|archive-date=April 25, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425214157/https://blog.lineplay.jp/archives/42252190.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=【公式アバター】「倖田來未」がLINE PLAYに登場！ 新曲コンセプトのマリンルックです！ : LINE PLAY（ラインプレイ）公式ブログ|url=https://blog.lineplay.jp/archives/37350002.html|access-date=2022-04-25|website=LINE PLAY（ラインプレイ）公式ブログ|date=February 27, 2014|language=ja|archive-date=April 25, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425002422/https://blog.lineplay.jp/archives/37350002.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=「LINE PLAY」にアーティスト公式アバターが登場！第１弾として浜崎あゆみや2NE1などが参加|url=https://official-blog-ja.line.me/archives/25593740.html|access-date=2022-04-25|website=LINE公式ブログ|date=April 12, 2013|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=倖田來未の公式ルームがリニューアル！15周年ライブを再現したアイテムが登場です☆ガチャ5回以上でアイテムプレゼント♪ : LINE PLAY（ラインプレイ）公式ブログ|url=https://blog.lineplay.jp/archives/47090256.html|access-date=2022-10-07|website=LINE PLAY（ラインプレイ）公式ブログ |date=December 3, 2015|language=ja|archive-date=October 7, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007195631/https://blog.lineplay.jp/archives/47090256.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=【公式アバター】アーティスト公式アバター『浜崎あゆみ』の第2弾ガチャ登場！ : LINE PLAY（ラインプレイ）公式ブログ|url=https://blog.lineplay.jp/archives/29822055.html|access-date=2022-04-25|website=LINE PLAY（ラインプレイ）公式ブログ |date=June 27, 2013|language=ja|archive-date=April 25, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425114158/https://blog.lineplay.jp/archives/29822055.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=【お知らせ】LINE PLAY公式アバター『浜崎あゆみ』第3弾登場！ : LINE PLAY（ラインプレイ）公式ブログ|url=https://blog.lineplay.jp/archives/35042605.html|access-date=2022-04-25|website=LINE PLAY（ラインプレイ）公式ブログ|date=November 27, 2013|language=ja|archive-date=April 25, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425002425/https://blog.lineplay.jp/archives/35042605.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=【公式アバター】浜崎あゆみの自宅をモチーフに、ルームが新しくなりました！ : LINE PLAY（ラインプレイ）公式ブログ|url=https://blog.lineplay.jp/archives/39667101.html|access-date=2022-04-25|website=LINE PLAY（ラインプレイ）公式ブログ|date=July 3, 2014|language=ja|archive-date=April 25, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425002419/https://blog.lineplay.jp/archives/39667101.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=浜崎あゆみ公式ルームがリニューアル！今年のアリーナツアー『ayumi hamasaki ARENA TOUR 2015 A Cirque de Minuit ～真夜中のサーカス～』をモチーフに登場♪ガチャ5回以上でアイテムプレゼント♡ : LINE PLAY（ラインプレイ）公式ブログ|url=https://blog.lineplay.jp/archives/46736029.html|access-date=2022-10-07|website=LINE PLAY（ラインプレイ）公式ブログ|date=October 29, 2015|language=ja|archive-date=October 7, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007194521/https://blog.lineplay.jp/archives/46736029.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> model Kumiko Funayama ({{Lang|ja|舟山久美子}}),<ref name="倖田來未＆くみっきーのLINE公式アカウントが登場！"/><ref>{{cite web|title=【お知らせ】LINE PLAY公式タレントアバターに『くみっきー』が登場！ : LINE PLAY（ラインプレイ）公式ブログ|url=https://blog.lineplay.jp/archives/30555950.html|access-date=2022-04-25|website=LINE PLAY（ラインプレイ）公式ブログ|date=July 18, 2013|language=ja|archive-date=April 25, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425002420/https://blog.lineplay.jp/archives/30555950.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=【お知らせ】大人気公式アバター『くみっきー』第2弾登場！ : LINE PLAY（ラインプレイ）公式ブログ|url=https://blog.lineplay.jp/archives/34210130.html|access-date=2022-04-25|website=LINE PLAY（ラインプレイ）公式ブログ|date=October 31, 2013|language=ja|archive-date=April 25, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425002421/https://blog.lineplay.jp/archives/34210130.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=【公式アバター】くみっきーのお部屋がリニューアル！ 今度は春服がたくさん追加です♪ : LINE PLAY（ラインプレイ）公式ブログ|url=https://blog.lineplay.jp/archives/38185455.html|access-date=2022-04-25|website=LINE PLAY（ラインプレイ）公式ブログ|date=April 10, 2014|language=ja|archive-date=April 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425002430/https://blog.lineplay.jp/archives/38185455.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=【公式アバター】くみっきーの新作冬アイテムが登場！ヴィンテージ調でレトロな冬コーデを楽しもう☆ : LINE PLAY（ラインプレイ）公式ブログ|url=https://blog.lineplay.jp/archives/42178173.html|access-date=2022-04-25|website=LINE PLAY（ラインプレイ）公式ブログ|date=December 2014|language=ja|archive-date=April 25, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425002429/https://blog.lineplay.jp/archives/42178173.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=公式アバターのくみっきーに夏の新作アイテムが登場！白を基調とした爽やかな上品可愛いコーデ♡ : LINE PLAY（ラインプレイ）公式ブログ|url=https://blog.lineplay.jp/archives/45949260.html|access-date=2022-04-26|website=LINE PLAY（ラインプレイ）公式ブログ|date=August 17, 2015|language=ja|archive-date=April 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426144045/https://blog.lineplay.jp/archives/45949260.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=【イベント】くみっきープロデュースのフェイスショップが期間限定OPEN！くみっきー直伝メイク術がパーツ単品から購入可能♪(セット特典あり！) : LINE PLAY（ラインプレイ）公式ブログ|url=https://blog.lineplay.jp/archives/46074106.html|access-date=2022-04-29|website=LINE PLAY（ラインプレイ）公式ブログ|date=August 28, 2015|language=ja|archive-date=April 29, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220429233539/https://blog.lineplay.jp/archives/46074106.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Hikari Shiina<ref>{{cite web|title=【イベントレポート】ぴかりん(椎名ひかり)さんインタビュー！イベント初登場の感想コメントを写真つきでご紹介～♪ : LINE PLAY（ラインプレイ）公式ブログ|url=https://blog.lineplay.jp/archives/46906311.html|access-date=2022-04-26|website=LINE PLAY（ラインプレイ）公式ブログ|date=November 14, 2015|language=ja|archive-date=April 26, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426134526/https://blog.lineplay.jp/archives/46906311.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=椎名ぴかりんの魔界ルームが出現！？公式アバターに椎名ぴかりんが登場！ : LINE PLAY（ラインプレイ）公式ブログ|url=https://blog.lineplay.jp/archives/43471595.html|access-date=2022-04-26|website=LINE PLAY（ラインプレイ）公式ブログ|date=February 23, 2015|language=ja|archive-date=April 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411221420/https://blog.lineplay.jp/archives/43471595.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=スポーツの秋！椎名ぴかりんが「魔界の運動会」テーマにリニューアル＆全プレイベント開催♪ドクロ眼帯をゲットしよう★ : LINE PLAY（ラインプレイ）公式ブログ|url=https://blog.lineplay.jp/archives/46438931.html|access-date=2022-04-30|website=LINE PLAY（ラインプレイ）公式ブログ|date=October 2015|language=ja|archive-date=April 30, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430000155/https://blog.lineplay.jp/archives/46438931.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=★イベント★ 椎名ぴかりん本人も登場！10/29はスクエアイベントを楽しもう～☆ : LINE PLAY（ラインプレイ）公式ブログ|url=https://blog.lineplay.jp/archives/46648808.html |access-date=2022-10-07|website=LINE PLAY（ラインプレイ）公式ブログ|date=October 28, 2015|language=ja|archive-date=October 7, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007194519/https://blog.lineplay.jp/archives/46648808.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=椎名ぴかりんが厳選！コミュニティイベント当選者発表★ : LINE PLAY（ラインプレイ）公式ブログ|url=https://blog.lineplay.jp/archives/46792066.html|access-date=2022-10-07|website=LINE PLAY（ラインプレイ）公式ブログ|date=November 3, 2015|language=ja|archive-date=October 7, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007195140/https://blog.lineplay.jp/archives/46792066.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=【イベントレポート】ぴかりん(椎名ひかり)さんインタビュー！イベント初登場の感想コメントを写真つきでご紹介～♪ : LINE PLAY（ラインプレイ）公式ブログ|url=https://blog.lineplay.jp/archives/46906311.html|access-date=2022-10-07|website=LINE PLAY（ラインプレイ）公式ブログ|date=November 14, 2015|language=ja|archive-date=April 26, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426134526/https://blog.lineplay.jp/archives/46906311.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=【イベント】椎名ぴかりんコミュニティイベント第2弾開催！土下座エピソードを投稿してココだけの限定アイテムをゲットしよう！ : LINE PLAY（ラインプレイ）公式ブログ|url=https://blog.lineplay.jp/archives/47151848.html|access-date=2022-10-07|website=LINE PLAY（ラインプレイ）公式ブログ|date=December 9, 2015|language=ja|archive-date=October 7, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007200810/https://blog.lineplay.jp/archives/47151848.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=椎名ぴかりん厳選！コミュニティイベント第2弾当選者発表★ : LINE PLAY（ラインプレイ）公式ブログ|url=https://blog.lineplay.jp/archives/47309083.html|access-date=2022-10-07|website=LINE PLAY（ラインプレイ）公式ブログ|date=December 24, 2015|language=ja|archive-date=October 7, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007200815/https://blog.lineplay.jp/archives/47309083.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> and characters from the Sanrio or San-X line or the character {{transliteration|en|Hepburn|Kumatan|italics=no}} by Chinatsu Wakatsuki.<ref>{{cite web|title=【お知らせ】LINE PLAY公式アバターに『クマタン』が登場！ : LINE PLAY（ラインプレイ）公式ブログ|url=https://blog.lineplay.jp/archives/31982712.html|access-date=2022-04-25|website=LINE PLAY（ラインプレイ）公式ブログ|date=August 29, 2013|language=ja|archive-date=April 25, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425002427/https://blog.lineplay.jp/archives/31982712.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=【お知らせ】LINE PLAY公式アバター『クマタン』第2弾が登場！ : LINE PLAY（ラインプレイ）公式ブログ|url=https://blog.lineplay.jp/archives/35069341.html|access-date=2022-04-25|website=LINE PLAY（ラインプレイ）公式ブログ|date=December 2, 2013|language=ja|archive-date=April 25, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425002427/https://blog.lineplay.jp/archives/35069341.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=【公式アバター】クマタン第3弾は「ハンバーガーショップ」！ 公式ルームがリニューアルしました～！ : LINE PLAY（ラインプレイ）公式ブログ|url=https://blog.lineplay.jp/archives/38127542.html|access-date=2022-04-25|website=LINE PLAY（ラインプレイ）公式ブログ|date=April 7, 2014|language=ja|archive-date=April 25, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425002422/https://blog.lineplay.jp/archives/38127542.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
==Gallery== <gallery> File:Classic-gyaru-ikebukuro2009.jpg|A photo shoot featuring Shibuya style {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyarus}} with both pale and tan skin at Ikebukuro in 2009 File:Japan08.07 Shibuya Mybestfriends.jpg|Shibuya style {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} File:Gyaru - misc historical images - 2007 7 1.jpg|Possible {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|agejō gyaru}} File:Gyaru-o misc historical image 2007-7-1.jpg|{{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Gyaruo}} walking around Tokyo File:Kawaii Fashion.jpg|A street snapshot of {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|hime gyaru}} influencer and ''koakuma ageha'' magazine model, Himena Ousaki; taken in 2012 File:Shibuya Gal (8).jpg|Shibuya 109 shop-staff File:Shibuya Gal (3).jpg|GOLDS Infinity shop-staff at Shibuya 109 during the 2010. She is wearing apparel which is an example of {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|agejō gyaru}} File:Shibuya Gal (5).jpg|COCOLULU shop-staff in Shibuya 109, an example of {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|amekaji gyaru}} during the 2010 File:Yamanba.jpg|A {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|yamanba}} taken in 2006 File:Shibuya Style 2006.jpg|Two {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|manba}} taken in 2006 doing the hand gesture of the V sign but can also be interpreted as {{Nihongo|2=エッグポーズ|3=egg pose}}; which is now (Reiwa era) known as the {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} pose File:Yamanba - tokyo area - 2016 7 30.JPG|A {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|yamanba}} at Tokyo taken in 2016 File:Yamanba de dos.jpg|A {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru}} in front of Shibuya 109 in 2006 </gallery>
==See also== {{div col|colwidth=23em}} * Cosplay restaurant * ''Ecchi'' * Gravure Idols * {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|gyaru-moji}}, a type of lettering used in Japanese mobile phone texting to secretly send messages * Host and hostess clubs * Materialism * {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Panchira}} * Sun tanning * {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Telekura}} * Uniform fetishism * {{Transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Zettai ryōiki}} {{Div col end}}
==References== {{reflist}}
==External links== {{commons category}} *[https://haenfler.sites.grinnell.edu/subcultures-and-scenes/gyaru/ ''Gyaru'' – Subcultures and Sociology] *[http://neojaponisme.com/2012/02/28/the-history-of-the-gyaru-part-one/ The History of the ''Gyaru'' – Part One:: Néojaponisme » Blog Archive] ({{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018131625/http://neojaponisme.com/2012/02/28/the-history-of-the-gyaru-part-one/|date=October 18, 2016 }}) *[http://neojaponisme.com/2012/05/08/the-history-of-the-gyaru-part-two/ The History of the ''Gyaru'' – Part Two:: Néojaponisme » Blog Archive] ({{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120615121750/http://neojaponisme.com/2012/05/08/the-history-of-the-gyaru-part-two/|date=June 15, 2012 }}) *[http://neojaponisme.com/2012/06/06/the-history-of-the-gyaru-part-three/ The History of the ''Gyaru'' – Part Three:: Néojaponisme » Blog Archive] ({{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120711154853/http://neojaponisme.com/2012/06/06/the-history-of-the-gyaru-part-three/|date=July 11, 2012 }}) *[http://yabai.com/p/2272 Defining The ''Gyaru'' Girl: A Look Into Japan's ''Gyaru'' Culture | YABAI - The Modern, Vibrant Face of Japan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190918032947/http://yabai.com/p/2272|date=September 18, 2019}} *[https://bookmeter.com/books/262674 Cultural Anthropology of ''Gyarus'' and ''Gyaru-os'' (Yusuke Arai)|bookmeter (in Japanese)] *[https://www.academia.edu/6375738/The_Japanese_Gyaru_Popular_Culture_Globalization_and_the_Reflection_of_a_Trend The Japanese ''Gyaru'': Popular Culture, Globalization and the Reflection of a Trend|academia] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=9UEfAAAAQBAJ&dq=gyaru&pg=PA53 Fashioning Japanese Subcultures] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=ExotJqDJ3ngC Think Global, Fear Local: Sex, Violence, and Anxiety in Contemporary Japan] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=9rzLDAAAQBAJ&q=gyaru Tokyo Fashion City: A Detailed Guide to Tokyo's Trendiest Fashion Districts] *[https://www.japankyo.com/2021/10/podcast-about-japan-gyaru-gyarugo-fashion-gal-slang/ What are ''gyaru''? (About the Slang, Fashion and History of Japan's ''Gyaru''/''Gal'')|Japankyo] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=AQTMCgAAQBAJ Global Asian American Popular Cultures] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=5KTWAAAAMAAJ&q=gyaru Fashion Theory, Volume 1 Berg Pub., 1997] *[https://www.jprime.jp/articles/-/14780 A look through the era of ''gyaru'' style for women|jprime (in Japanese)] *[https://oldsitecopy.haenfler.sites.grinnell.edu/subcultures-and-scenes/gyaru/ About ''gyaru'' subculture]
{{Japanese subcultures}}
Category:Gyaru Category:Japanese fashion Category:Japanese subcultures Category:Japanese words and phrases Category:Japanese youth culture Category:Fashion aesthetics Category:Slang terms for women Category:Wasei-eigo