Ginataan

{{Short description|Filipino dish made with coconut milk}} {{Use mdy dates|date=September 2022}} {{Use Philippine English|date=September 2022}} {{Infobox prepared food | name = Ginataan | image = 220px 220px | image_size = | caption = '''Top''': ''Ginataang kalabasa'' (calabaza and string beans in coconut milk) with shrimp;<br/>'''Bottom''': ''Ginataang mais'', a dessert rice gruel (''lugaw'') with sweet corn and coconut milk | alternate_name = | country = The Philippines | region = | creator = | course = Main course, dessert | served = Hot or cold | main_ingredient = Coconut milk (''gatâ'') | variations = | calories = | other = }} '''''Ginataan''''' (pronounced: {{respell|GHEE|nah|ta|AN}}), alternatively spelled '''''guinataan''''', is a Filipino term which refers to food cooked with ''gatâ'' (coconut milk).<ref name="a">{{cite web | title =Spanish Influence on Filipino Food | url =http://asiarecipe.com/phispanish.html | access-date =March 20, 2009 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20070214073452/http://asiarecipe.com/phispanish.html | archive-date =February 14, 2007 | url-status =dead }}</ref> Literally translated, ''ginataan'' means "done with coconut milk". Due to the general nature of the term, it may refer to a number of different dishes, each called ''ginataan'', but distinct from one another.

During the Spanish colonial era, ''ginataan'' was brought to Mexico through the Manila galleons which docked in Acapulco. Today, it has become naturalized in the regional cuisines of Guerrero and Colima, like the ''zambaripao'' or the ''tuba''. In Spanish it is called ''guinatán''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Muñoz Zurita|first=R.|title=Guinatán - Diccionario enciclopédico de la Gastronomía Mexicana|url=https://laroussecocina.mx/palabra/guinatan/|website=Larousse|language=es}}</ref><ref name="Machuca">{{cite journal |last1=Machuca |first1=Paulina |title=La herencia asiática en México: nuestra cuarta raíz |journal=El Universal |date=8 August 2021 |pages=2–3 |url=https://www.academia.edu/61090274}}</ref>

==Terminology== ''Ginataan'' is the affixed form of ''gatâ'' ("coconut milk"): ''g-'' + ''-in-'' + ''-atâ'' + ''-an'' ("done with coconut milk"). It usually refers to dishes which are eaten with rice during the major meals of the day. It normally follows the form "''ginataan na/ginataang'' + (whatever it is cooked with)" or "(dish name) + ''sa gatâ''". For example, ''ginataang hipon'' refers to shrimp cooked in coconut milk, ''ginataang gulay'' to an assortment of vegetables cooked in coconut milk, ''ginataang alimango'' is mud crab cooked in coconut milk, while ''ginataang manok'' is chicken cooked in coconut milk.<ref name="comst">{{cite book|author=Myke Sarthou|editor=Angelo Comsti|title =The Filipino Family Cookbook: Recipes and Stories From Our Home Kitchen|publisher =Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd|year =2014|page=92|isbn =9789814634946}}</ref><ref name="ibp">{{cite book|editor =IBP|title =Philippines Country Study Guide|publisher =International Business Publications|year =2007|page=112|isbn =9781433039706}}</ref><ref name="civ">{{cite book|author =Linda Civitello|title =Cuisine and Culture: A History of Food and People|url =https://archive.org/details/cuisineculturehi00civi|url-access =limited|publisher =John Wiley & Sons|year =2007|page=[https://archive.org/details/cuisineculturehi00civi/page/n262 240]|isbn =9780471741725}}</ref> Coconut milk may be added to existing dishes as in ''ginataang adobo'' (known more commonly in Tagalog as ''adobo sa gatâ'').<ref name="kawa">{{cite web|url=http://www.kawalingpinoy.com/2013/11/adobo-sa-gata-2/|title=Adobo sa Gata|date=November 5, 2013|publisher=Kawaling Pinoy|access-date=January 3, 2015}}</ref>

There are other dishes which are known by unique names including Bicol express, ''laing'' and variants of ''pinakbet'', which nonetheless fall under the ''ginataan'' category because they use coconut milk as one of the main ingredients.<ref name="be">{{cite web|url=http://panlasangpinoy.com/2009/05/25/bicol-express/|title=Bicol Express Recipe|publisher=Panlasang Pinoy|access-date=January 3, 2015}}</ref><ref name="fb">{{cite web|url=http://www.foodbatangas.com/2012/05/pinakbet-with-gata-vegetables-cooked.html|title=Pinakbet with Gata (Vegetables Cooked with Coconut Milk)|publisher=Food Batangas|access-date=January 3, 2015}}</ref>

===Sweet variants=== {{Main|Binignit}} Various sweet desserts may also simply be called ''ginataan'', especially in the northern Philippines.<ref name="a"/> For example, the Visayan ''binignit'', a soup made with coconut milk, glutinous rice, tubers, tapioca pearls, and sago is simply called ''ginataan'' in Tagalog (a shortened form of the proper name, ''ginataang halo-halo'').<ref name="eshii">{{cite web|url=http://www.essshiii.com/foods-holy-week-binignit/|title=Foods to Have During the Holy Week: BINIGNIT|date=April 16, 2014|publisher=Essshiii Food Blog|access-date=January 3, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103153054/http://www.essshiii.com/foods-holy-week-binignit/|archive-date=January 3, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> This soup is also called ''"giná-tan"'' in Bikolano, ''"ginettaán"'' in Ilokano, and ''"ginat-ang lugaw"'' in Hiligaynon. If gummy balls made of pounded glutinous rice are used instead of plain glutinous rice, it becomes a dish called ''ginataang bilo-bilo'' or simply ''bilo-bilo''.<ref name="bilo">{{cite web|url=http://www.pinoycookingrecipes.com/ginataang-bilo-bilo--sticky-rice-balls.html|title=Ginataang Bilo-Bilo (Sticky Rice Balls in Coconut milk)|publisher=Pinoy Cooking Recipes|access-date=January 3, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103154508/http://www.pinoycookingrecipes.com/ginataang-bilo-bilo--sticky-rice-balls.html|archive-date=January 3, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''Ginataang mais'' is another example of a dessert soup; a warm, sweet, thick gruel made with coconut milk, sweet corn, and glutinous rice.<ref name="mais">{{cite web|url=http://www.food.com/recipe/ginataang-mais-corn-in-coco-milk-496425|title=Ginataang Mais (Corn in Coco Milk)|date=March 2, 2013|publisher=Food.com|access-date=January 3, 2015}}</ref>

==List of ''ginataan'' dishes== Dishes considered under the ''ginataan'' category include:

===Main dishes=== [[File:Buffetjf9441 08.JPG|thumb|''Ginataang ampalaya'', bitter melon and ''tinapa'' in coconut milk]] [[File:Laing Pinangat.jpg|thumb|''Laing'', taro leaves with meat or seafood in coconut milk]] [[File:Binignit (Philippines).jpg|thumb|''Binignit'', a dessert soup of various root crops, fruits, tapioca pearls, and glutinous rice in coconut milk]] *Adobo sa gata *Beef kulma *Curacha Alavar *Ginataang ampalaya *Ginataang hipon *Ginataang isda *Ginataang kalabasa *Ginataang kuhol *Ginataang labong *Ginataang langka *Ginataang manok *Ginataang Puso ng Saging *Ginataang ubod *Ginisang munggo sa gata *Gising-gising (ginataang sigarilyas) *Inubarang manok *Inulukan *Kinilaw *Kinunot *Kulawo *Laing *Lawot-lawot *Linarang *Piaparan *Pininyahang hipon *Pininyahang manok *Piyanggang manok *Piyassak *Rendang *Sarsa na uyang *Sinanglay *Sinantolan *Sinilihan (Bicol express) *Sinina *Sorol *Tinumok *Tinumtuman *Tiyula itum

===Dessert=== *Bibingka *Bibingkang malagkit *Biko *Bilo-bilo *Binagol *Binaki *Binatog sa gata *Binignit *Biniribid *Biyaki *Binutong *Cassava cake *Coconut toffee (Balikutsa, Butong-butong, Tira-tira, Gináok, Pulot) **Matamís sa báo (Sundot kulangot) *Daral *Espasol *Ginataang mais *Ginataang munggo *Ginataang saba *Guinomis *Kalamay *Kaluko (Kinaluko) *Latik *Maja blanca *Minatamis na kurot/kayos/nami/namo/kolad *Moche *Morón *Nilupak ** Nilubyan *Panyalam *Pennato de Uno *Pinakro * Puto maya *Salukara *Sapin-sapin *Sayongsong (Balisungsong, Sarungsong) *Sinakol *Suman *Tupig *Ube halaya

==See also== {{Portal|Food}} *Coconut soup *Gulai *List of dishes using coconut milk *List of soups

==References== {{Reflist|32em}} {{Filipino food}}

Category:Philippine soups Category:Mexican soups Category:Cold soups Category:Foods containing coconut Category:Philippine desserts