{{Short description|Statistical area in France}}
[[File:FR-AAV-2020-simplified.png|thumb|upright=1.5|Functional areas (AAV) of Metropolitan France in 2020, broken down by communes (commune borders as of January 1, 2020): {{legend-table|lang=en|title= |#f23f00|Communes in the main population and employment centre of a functional area |#fc8054|Communes in a secondary population and employment centre of a functional area |#ffa600|Communes in the commuting zone of a functional area (functional areas with more than 700,000 inhabitants) |#fffa20|Communes in the commuting zone of a functional area (functional areas between 200,000 and 700,000 inhabitants) |#d5ef88|Communes in the commuting zone of a functional area (functional areas between 50,000 and 200,000 inhabitants) |#fbeea8|Communes in the commuting zone of a functional area (functional areas with less than 50,000 inhabitants) |#ffffff|Communes outside of functional areas }}]]
An '''''aire d'attraction d'une ville'''''{{refn|Plural: ''aires d'attraction des villes''.<ref name=AAV>{{cite web |url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/information/4808607 |title=Le nouveau zonage en aires d'attraction des villes |publisher=INSEE|access-date=2022-04-26}}</ref>|group=note}} (or '''AAV''', literally meaning "catchment area of a city") is a statistical area used by France's national statistics office INSEE since 2020, officially translated as '''functional area''' in English by INSEE,<ref name=FU>{{cite web |url=https://www.insee.fr/en/metadonnees/definition/c2173 |title=Functional areas - Definition |publisher=INSEE|access-date=2022-04-26}}</ref> which consists of a densely populated urban agglomeration and the surrounding exurbs, towns and intervening rural areas that are socioeconomically tied to the central urban agglomeration, as measured by commuting patterns.<ref name=AAV /> INSEE's functional area (AAV) is therefore akin to what is most often called metropolitan area in English.
==Definition== INSEE's AAV follows the same definition as the Functional Urban Area (FUA) used by Eurostat and the OECD, and the AAVs are thus strictly comparable to the FUAs.<ref name=FU /> Before 2020, INSEE used another metropolitan statistical area, the ''aire urbaine'' (AU), which was defined differently than the AAV, but the AU has now been discontinued and replaced with the AAV in order to facilitate international comparisons with Eurostat's FUAs.<ref name=FU />
The functional area is a grouping of communes comprising a 'population and employment centre' (''pôle de population et d'emploi'' in French),<ref name=FU /><ref name=French_definition>{{cite web |url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/metadonnees/definition/c2173 |title=Aire d'attraction des villes - Définition |publisher=INSEE|access-date=2022-04-26}}</ref> which Eurostat calls "city" or "greater city" (depending on the FUA),<ref name=Eurostat>{{cite web |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/cities/spatial-units |title=What is a city? - Spatial units |publisher=Eurostat|access-date=2022-04-26}}</ref> defined according to population and employment criteria, and an outlying 'commuting zone' (''couronne'' in French),<ref name=FU /><ref name=French_definition /> which Eurostats calls "commuting zone" in English,<ref name=Eurostat /> like INSEE, but ''zone de navettage'' in French<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/fr/web/cities/spatial-units |title=Qu'est-ce qu'une ville? — Unités spatiales |publisher=Eurostat|access-date=2022-04-26}}</ref> (unlike INSEE which calls it ''couronne''), in which at least 15% of the working population work in the population and employment centre.<ref name=FU />
==Table== {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Rank<br />(2021) !Rank<br />(2010) !Rank<br />(1990) !Functional area<br />(AAV) !Population<br />(2021)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://statistiques-locales.insee.fr/#c=indicator&i=pop_depuis_1876.pop&s=2021&t=A01&view=map13 |title=France par aire d'attraction des villes - Population municipale 2021 >> Tableau |author=INSEE |author-link=INSEE |access-date=2024-07-11}}</ref> !Population<br />(2010)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://statistiques-locales.insee.fr/#c=indicator&i=pop_depuis_1876.pop&s=2010&t=A01&view=map13 |title=France par aire d'attraction des villes - Population municipale (historique depuis 1876) 2010 >> Tableau |author=INSEE |author-link=INSEE |access-date=2024-07-11}}</ref> !Population<br />(1990)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://statistiques-locales.insee.fr/#c=indicator&i=pop_depuis_1876.pop&s=1990&t=A01&view=map13 |title=France par aire d'attraction des villes - Population municipale 1990 >> Tableau |author=INSEE |author-link=INSEE |access-date=2024-07-11}}</ref> !Yearly change<br />(2010-2021) !Yearly change<br />(1990-2010) !Land area<br />(km²)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/zones/1405599 |title=Comparateur de territoire |author=INSEE |author-link=INSEE |access-date=2022-04-27}}</ref> !Number of<br />communes<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/4803954/AAV2020_au_01-01-2022.zip |title=Base des aires d'attraction des villes 2020 au 1ᵉʳ janvier 2022 |author=INSEE |author-link=INSEE |access-date=2022-04-29}}</ref> |- |align=center|1 |align=center|1 |align=center|1 |align=left| Paris |align=right|13,171,056 |align=right|12,613,906 |align=right|11,392,740 |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.39% |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.52% |align=center|18,941 |align=center|1,929 |- |align=center|2 |align=center|2 |align=center|2 |align=left| Lyon |align=right|2,308,818 |align=right|2,091,488 |align=right|1,790,325 |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.90% |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.79% |align=center|4,606 |align=center|398 |- |align=center|3 |align=center|3 |align=center|3 |align=left| Marseille - Aix-en-Provence |align=right|1,888,788 |align=right|1,804,777 |align=right|1,594,849 |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.41% |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.63% |align=center|3,972 |align=center|115 |- |align=center|4 |align=center|4 |align=center|4 |align=left| Lille (French part) |align=right|1,521,660 |align=right|1,459,564 |align=right|1,390,191 |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.38% |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.25% |align=center|1,666 |align=center|201 |- |align=center|5 |align=center|5 |align=center|6 |align=left| Toulouse |align=right|1,490,640 |align=right|1,282,870 |align=right|935,009 |align=center font style="color:green"|+1.37% |align=center font style="color:green"|+1.61% |align=center|6,520 |align=center|527 |- |align=center|6 |align=center|6 |align=center|5 |align=left| Bordeaux |align=right|1,393,764 |align=right|1,196,972 |align=right|986,179 |align=center font style="color:green"|+1.39% |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.98% |align=center|6,316 |align=center|275 |- |align=center|7 |align=center|7 |align=center|7 |align=left| Nantes |align=right|1,031,953 |align=right|892,811 |align=right|722,234 |align=center font style="color:green"|+1.33% |align=center font style="color:green"|+1.08% |align=center|3,471 |align=center|116 |- |align=center|8 |align=center|8 |align=center|8 |align=left| Strasbourg (French part) |align=right|864,993 |align=right|809,529 |align=right|704,238 |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.60% |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.71% |align=center|2,227 |align=center|268 |- |align=center|9 |align=center|10 |align=center|13 |align=left| Montpellier |align=right|823,120 |align=right|698,392 |align=right|501,936 |align=center font style="color:green"|+1.51% |align=center font style="color:green"|+1.68% |align=center|2,414 |align=center|161 |- |align=center|10 |align=center|12 |align=center|12 |align=left| Rennes |align=right|771,320 |align=right|677,283 |align=right|521,255 |align=center font style="color:green"|+1.19% |align=center font style="color:green"|+1.33% |align=center|3,804 |align=center|183 |- |align=center|11 |align=center|9 |align=center|10 |align=left| Grenoble |align=right|722,904 |align=right|693,272 |align=right|614,455 |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.38% |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.61% |align=center|2,876 |align=center|204 |- |align=center|12 |align=center|11 |align=center|9 |align=left| Rouen |align=right|709,065 |align=right|685,241 |align=right|646,549 |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.31% |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.29% |align=center|2,792 |align=center|317 |- |align=center|13 |align=center|13 |align=center|11 |align=left| Nice{{refn|Does not include Cannes-Antibes, which is a considered by INSEE a separate AAV, contrary to the old aire urbaine of Nice which included Cannes and Antibes.|group=note}} |align=right|626,218 |align=right|603,522 |align=right|558,520 |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.34% |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.39% |align=center|2,073 |align=center|100 |- |align=center|14 |align=center|14 |align=center|16 |align=left| Toulon |align=right|581,948 |align=right|541,932 |align=right|481,466 |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.65% |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.60% |align=center|1,004 |align=center|35 |- |align=center|15 |align=center|16 |align=center|17 |align=left| Tours |align=right|522,597 |align=right|497,597 |align=right|437,547 |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.45% |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.65% |align=center|3,632 |align=center|162 |- |align=center|16 |align=center|15 |align=center|14 |align=left| Nancy |align=right|508,793 |align=right|511,234 |align=right|496,486 |align=center font style="color:red"|-0.04% |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.15% |align=center|3,121 |align=center|353 |- |align=center|17 |align=center|18 |align=center|18 |align=left| Clermont-Ferrand |align=right|508,699 |align=right|476,679 |align=right|432,862 |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.59% |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.49% |align=center|2,845 |align=center|209 |- |align=center|18 |align=center|17 |align=center|15 |align=left| Saint-Étienne |align=right|500,562 |align=right|484,881 |align=right|491,789 |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.29% |align=center font style="color:red"|-0.07% |align=center|1,636 |align=center|105 |-
|align=center|19 |align=center|19 |align=center|19 |align=left| Caen |align=right|478,105 |align=right|450,248 |align=right|399,635 |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.55% |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.60% |align=center|2,597 |align=center|296 |- |align=center|20 |align=center|20 |align=center|20 |align=left| Orléans |align=right|456,452 |align=right|428,397 |align=right|374,252 |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.58% |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.68% |align=center|3,422 |align=center|136 |- |align=center|21 |align=center|30 |align=center|41 |align=left| Geneva - Annemasse (French part){{refn|French part of the Geneva Functional Urban Area ({{convert|2292|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}})<ref>As of 2020, the Eurostat-defined Functional Urban Area of Geneva was made up of 93 Swiss communes and 158 French communes: [https://www.atlas.bfs.admin.ch/core/projects/13/xshared/xlsx/24193_132.xlsx Federal Statistical Office spreadsheet listing the Swiss and French communes of the Geneva Functional Urban Area].<br>Land area of the 93 Swiss communes: 555.1 km² (source: [https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/fr/home/statistiques/catalogues-banques-donnees/tableaux.assetdetail.19805706.html]).<br>Land area of the 158 French communes: 1737.1 km² (source: [https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=AAV2020-GEN]).</ref> which extends over Swiss and French territory, and had a population of 1,053,436 in Jan. 2021 (Swiss estimates and French census), 609,068 of them on Swiss territory and 444,368 on French territory.<ref name=FUA_pop>As of 2020, the Eurostat-defined Functional Urban Area of Geneva was made up of 93 Swiss communes and 158 French communes: [https://www.atlas.bfs.admin.ch/core/projects/13/xshared/xlsx/24193_132.xlsx Federal Statistical Office spreadsheet listing the Swiss and French communes of the Geneva Functional Urban Area].<br>Population of the 93 Swiss communes in January 2021: 609,068 (source: [https://www.bfs.admin.ch/asset/de/su-f-01.02.04.07]).<br>Population of the 158 French communes in January 2021: 444,368 (source: [https://statistiques-locales.insee.fr/#c=indicator&i=pop_depuis_1876.pop&s=2021&selcodgeo=GEN&t=A01&view=map13]).</ref>|group=note}} |align=right|444,368 |align=right|365,223 |align=right|258,475 |align=center font style="color:green"|+1.80% |align=center font style="color:green"|+1.76% |align=center|1,737 |align=center|158 |- |align=center|22 |align=center|22 |align=center|23 |align=left| Angers |align=right|441,234 |align=right|408,469 |align=right|355,626 |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.70% |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.70% |align=center|2,419 |align=center|81 |- |align=center|23 |align=center|26 |align=center|34 |align=left| Perpignan |align=right|422,786 |align=right|383,052 |align=right|301,619 |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.90% |align=center font style="color:green"|+1.21% |align=center|1,775 |align=center|118 |- |align=center|24 |align=center|23 |align=center|22 |align=left| Dijon |align=right|414,799 |align=right|397,025 |align=right|365,025 |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.40% |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.42% |align=center|3,896 |align=center|333 |- |align=center|25 |align=center|21 |align=center|21 |align=left| Mulhouse |align=right|408,968 |align=right|404,434 |align=right|370,251 |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.10% |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.45% |align=center|1,227 |align=center|132 |- |align=center|26 |align=center|24 |align=center|30 |align=left| Cannes - Antibes |align=right|393,687 |align=right|390,517 |align=right|332,735 |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.07% |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.81% |align=center|432 |align=center|24 |- |align=center|27 |align=center|28 |align=center|27 |align=left| Brest |align=right|375,744 |align=right|361,038 |align=right|335,795 |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.36% |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.37% |align=center|1,877 |align=center|245 |- |align=center|28 |align=center|27 |align=center|26 |align=left| Metz |align=right|375,059 |align=right|364,307 |align=right|338,432 |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.26% |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.37% |align=center|1,265 |align=center|68 |- |align=center|29 |align=center|29 |align=center|33 |align=left| Le Mans |align=right|369,998 |align=right|359,742 |align=right|326,702 |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.26% |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.49% |align=center|2,340 |align=center|144 |- |align=center|30 |align=center|32 |align=center|32 |align=left| Reims |align=right|355,889 |align=right|344,574 |align=right|329,208 |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.29% |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.23% |align=center|3,251 |align=center|294 |- |align=center|31 |align=center|31 |align=center|31 |align=left| Amiens |align=right|353,124 |align=right|348,557 |align=right|329,927 |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.12% |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.28% |align=center|3,076 |align=center|369 |- |align=center|32 |align=center|39 |align=center|40 |align=left| Nîmes |align=right|350,007 |align=right|322,844 |align=right|259,675 |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.74% |align=center font style="color:green"|+1.10% |align=center|1,468 |align=center|92 |- |align=center|33 |align=center|25 |align=center|25 |align=left| Fort-de-France |align=right|346,693 |align=right|377,739 |align=right|340,815 |align=center font style="color:red"|-0.78% |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.52% |align=center|974 |align=center|28 |- |align=center|34 |align=center|38 |align=center|38 |align=left| Avignon |align=right|339,324 |align=right|319,936 |align=right|272,025 |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.54% |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.82% |align=center|964 |align=center|48 |- |align=center|35 |align=center|34 |align=center|28 |align=left| Valenciennes (French part) |align=right|337,269 |align=right|335,871 |align=right|335,758 |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.04% |align=center font style="color:green"|+0.00% |align=center|725 |align=center|102 |}
==See also== * List of metropolitan areas in Europe by population * Larger Urban Zone * Demographics of France * Unité urbaine, a different statistical concept developed by INSEE, measuring contiguously built-up areas
==Notes== {{reflist|group=note}}
==References== {{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
Category:Populated places in France Category:Metropolitan areas of France Category:Demographics of France Category:Subdivisions of France Category:INSEE concepts