{{Redirect2|Kitchen salt|coarse salt|other coarse salts|Rock salt|and|Brining salt}} {{about|generic coarse-grained salt|foods meeting Kosher dietary guidelines|Kashrut}} {{short description|Coarse additive-free edible salt}} {{use mdy dates |date=March 2023}} thumb|upright=1.6|Comparison of table salt (left) with kosher salt (right)
'''Kosher salt''' or '''kitchen salt'''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/kitchen-salt |title=Kitchen salt definition |publisher=Collins |date=2018}}</ref> (also called '''cooking salt''', '''rock salt''', '''kashering salt''', or '''koshering salt''') is an American English term for coarse edible salt usually without common additives such as iodine,<ref name="ghccb">{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/goodhousekeeping0000unse_d6d9/page/15 |title=The Good housekeeping cookbook |date=2001 |publisher=Hearst Books |isbn=1588163989 |location=New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/goodhousekeeping0000unse_d6d9/page/15 15] |oclc=54962450 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bader |first=Myles |title=The wizard of food presents 10,001 food facts, chef's secrets & household hints : more usable food facts and household hints than any single book ever published |date=1998 |publisher=Northstar Pub |isbn=0964674173 |location=Las Vegas, Nevada |oclc=40460309}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780740769764/page/67 |title=Things cooks love |last=Simmons |first=Marie |isbn=9780740769764 |edition=First |location=Kansas City |pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780740769764/page/67 67] |oclc=167764416 |date=April 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/giftscookslovere0000morg/page/14 |title=Gifts cooks love : recipes for giving |last=Morgan |first=Diane |date=2010 |publisher=Andrews McMeel Pub |isbn=9780740793509 |location=Kansas City |pages=[https://archive.org/details/giftscookslovere0000morg/page/14 14] |oclc=555648047 }}</ref> typically used in cooking and not at the table. It consists mainly of sodium chloride and may include anticaking agents.
==Etymology== Coarse edible salt is a kitchen staple, but its name varies widely in various cultures and countries. The term ''kosher salt'' gained common usage in the United States and refers to its use in the Jewish religious practice of dry brining meats, known as ''kashering'', e.g. a ''salt for kashering'', and not to the salt itself being manufactured under kosher guidelines. Some brands further identify ''kosher-certified'' salt as being approved by a religious body.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://seasalt.com/salt-101/about-salt/kosher-salt-guide |title=Kosher Salt Guide |publisher=SaltWorks |date=2010}}</ref>
== Culinary history == In cooking recipes published in the United States since about 2010, kosher salt has largely replaced the more fine-grained table salt as the kind of salt called for.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Cushing |first=Ellen |date=2025-03-08 |title=The Great Salt Shake-Up |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2025/04/kosher-salt-trend-cooking/681762/ |access-date=2025-03-08 |work=The Atlantic |language=en |issn=2151-9463}}</ref> This may be a public health concern, because kosher salt does not contain iodine, which is added to table salt to prevent iodine deficiency.<ref name=":0" />
The popularity of kosher salt in cooking began in the US during the 1980s with professional chefs, who preferred kosher salt because its coarser grains are easier to pick up and distribute with the fingers than table salt.<ref name=":0" /> In the 1990s, the Food Network television channel popularized kosher salt for home cooking. On television, kosher salt had the additional advantage that its grains were more easily visible and looked more attractive.<ref name=":0" /> Moreover, influential cookbooks such as ''The Food Lab'' by J. Kenji López-Alt and ''Salt, Fat, Acid, Heat'' by Samin Nosrat "devote[d] paragraphs to the benefits of kosher over table salt", making it "the lingua franca of restaurant kitchens" and a shibboleth for home cooks who wanted to demonstrate their seriousness about cooking.<ref name=":0" />
Another trend that made kosher salt more popular among nonprofessional cooks was recipes being increasingly published on the Internet, such as in blogs, where readers could interact with the authors through comments and often demanded more specific instructions than "salt to taste". This meant that authors who specified volume measurements of salt, such as teaspoons, had to specify the kind of salt to be used. They often chose kosher salt as the type of salt with which they themselves were most familiar.<ref name=":0" />
thumb|Grain of kosher salt taken at 60× magnification
==Use== ===General cooking=== Due to the lack of metallic or off-tasting additives such as iodine, fluoride or dextrose, it is often used in the kitchen instead of additive-containing common table salt.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VEMrAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA36 |title=Iodine Nutriture in the United States: Summary of a Conference, October 31, 1970 |date=October 31, 1970 |publisher=National Academies |isbn=978-0-309-35853-8 |pages=36– |id=NAP: 13984}}</ref><ref name="Organization2011">{{cite book|author=World Health Organization|title=Bulletin of the World Health Organization: Bulletin de L'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iB78fxDMeL0C|year=2011|publisher=World Health Organization}}</ref> Estimating the amount of salt when salting by hand can also be easier due to the larger grain size.<ref name="NYT2">{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/25/dining/how-to-season-food-with-salt.html |title=The Single Most Important Ingredient |author=Nosrat, Samin |date=April 25, 2017 |access-date=2018-04-07 |work=The New York Times}}</ref> Some recipes specifically call for volume measurement of kosher/kitchen salt, which for some brands weighs less per measure due to its lower density and is therefore less salty than an equal volume measurement of table salt; recipes which call for a specified weight of salt are more consistent.<ref name="NYT1">{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/02/25/dining/chefs-who-salt-early-if-not-often.html |title=Chefs Who Salt Early if Not Often |last1=Kaiser |first1=Emily |work=The New York Times |date=February 25, 2004 |access-date=2018-04-08}}</ref> Different brands of salt vary dramatically in density; for one brand the same volume measure may contain twice as much salt (by mass) as for another brand.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tastecooking.com/kosher-salt-question/|title=The Kosher Salt Question: What Box Does What? There's a Difference.|date=2017-10-11|website=TASTE|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-18}}</ref>
===Brining or kashering meat=== thumb|Kosher salt applied to chicken showing extracted moisture after one hour {{Main|Brining|Kashering}}
The coarse-grained salt is used to create a dry brine, which increases succulence and flavor and satisfies some religious requirements, sometimes with flavor additions such as herbs, spices or sugar.<ref name="WaPo1">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/11/13/AR2007111300427.html |title=Wet Brining vs. Dry: Give That Bird a Bath |author=Benwick, Bonnie S. |date=November 14, 2007 |access-date=2018-04-07 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> The meat is typically soaked in cool water and drained and then completely covered with a thin layer of salt—and then allowed to stand on a rack or board for an hour or more. The larger salt granules remain on the surface of the meat, for the most part undissolved, and absorb fluids from the meat, which are then partially reabsorbed with the salt and any added flavors, essentially brining the meat in its own juices. The salt rub is then rinsed off and discarded before cooking.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://oukosher.org/the-kosher-primer/ |title=Orthodox Union Kosher Primer |date=2010 |publisher=Orthodox Union |author=Luban, Yaakov}}</ref><ref name="WaPo1"/>
===Cleaning=== Due to its grain size, the salt is also used as an abrasive cleaner for cookware such as cast iron skillets. Mixed with oil, it retains its abrasiveness but can be easily dissolved with water after cleaning, unlike cleansers based on pumice or calcium carbonate, which can leave a gritty residue if not thoroughly rinsed away.<ref name="Bon1">{{cite web |url=https://www.bonappetit.com/test-kitchen/inside-our-kitchen/article/how-to-wash-your-cast-iron-skillet |title=How to Clean Your Cast-Iron Skillet |last1=Lewis |first1=Hunter |publisher=Bon Appetit |date=January 23, 2012 |access-date=2018-04-08}}</ref>
== Manufacturing == Rather than cubic crystals, kosher salt has a flat plate-like shape and for some brands may also have a hollow pyramidal shape. Morton Salt produces flat kosher salt while Diamond Crystal produces pyramidal. The flat form is usually made when cubic crystals are forced into this shape under pressure, usually between rollers. The pyramidal salt crystals are generally made by an evaporative process called the Alberger process. Kosher salt is usually manufactured with a grain size larger than table salt grains. Diamond Crystal salt is made by Cargill in St. Clair, Michigan, and Morton Salt is from Chicago, Illinois.<ref name="saltinstitute">{{cite web |title = Kosher Salt |url = http://www.saltinstitute.org/content/download/9458/51295/file/Kosher%20Salt.pdf |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240302222851/http://www.saltinstitute.org/content/download/9458/51295/file/Kosher%20Salt.pdf |url-status = dead |archive-date = March 2, 2024 |publisher = Salt Institute}}</ref>
== See also ==
* {{annotated link|Pickling salt}} * {{annotated link|Korean brining salt}} * {{annotated link|Pickling}} * {{annotated link|Curing (food preservation)}} * {{annotated link|Kosher foods}} * {{Annotated link|Shechita|Shechita}}
== References == <references/> {{Commons category}} {{Salt topics}} {{Portal bar|Food}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kosher Salt}} Category:Edible salt Category:Kosher food