{{short description|Pain due to bodily tubes contracting to force an obstruction out}} {{Redirect|Cholic|the acid|Cholic acid}} {{For|the condition of excessive crying in infants|Baby Colic}} {{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = Colic | synonyms = | image = Cruikshank - The Cholic.png | caption = The cholic (1819) George Cruikshank | pronounce = {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|ɒ|l|.|ɪ|k}}, {{Respell|KOL|ik}} | field = Gastroenterology, Urology | symptoms = | complications = | onset = | duration = | types = | causes = | risks = | diagnosis = | differential = | prevention = | treatment = | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }}
'''Colic''' or '''cholic''' ({{IPAc-en |'|k|ɒ|l|ɪ|k}})<ref>{{cite web |title=colic |url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/colic |work=Cambridge English Dictionary |accessdate=2022-05-08}}</ref> is a form of pain that starts and stops abruptly. Colic pain is usually caused by the obstruction of a smooth muscle passageway in the body (e.g. the small or large intestine, bile duct, or ureter). The obstruction triggers muscular contractions (peristalsis) to force the blockage out of the organ, resulting in episodic pain that fluctuates with the contractions.<ref name='srb'>{{cite book|author=Bhat, Sriram |date=2013|title= SRB's Manual of Surgery|page= 364|isbn=9789350259443}}</ref> Although the term primarily refers to pain caused by this mechanism, any pain which occurs in episodes or fluctuates in intensity may be termed colic or colicky pain.
Colic episodes can cause extreme pain, nausea, sweating, and vomiting.<ref name='srb'/> The blockage of important passageways in the body can lead to severe and potentially fatal complications if not cleared, such as cholecystitis in the case of biliary colic, or in kidney stone disease. Although the action of peristalsis can sometimes clear such blockages without medical intervention, surgery or other medical therapies designed to remove the obstruction may be necessary for treatment of the condition.<ref name=Preminger2007>{{cite journal | vauthors = Preminger GM, Tiselius HG, Assimos DG, Alken P, Buck C, Gallucci M, Knoll T, Lingeman JE, Nakada SY, Pearle MS, Sarica K, Türk C, Wolf JS | title = 2007 guideline for the management of ureteral calculi | journal = The Journal of Urology | volume = 178 | issue = 6 | pages = 2418–34 | date = December 2007 | pmid = 17993340 | doi = 10.1016/j.juro.2007.09.107 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors = Festi D, Reggiani ML, Attili AF |title=Natural history of gallstone disease: expectant management or active treatment? results from a population-based cohort study. |volume=25 |issue=4 |pages=719-724 |date=2010 |pmid=20492328 |doi=10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.06146.x |journal=J Gastroenterol Hepatol|hdl=11380/641728 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
==Terminology== The term is {{ety|grc|''κολικός'' (kolikos)|relative to the colon}} and was first used in the sense of an acute, episodic abdominal pain in the Promptorium Parvulorum, completed sometime around 1440.<ref>{{Cite OED|Colic, N. & Adj.|1091322387}}</ref> In the modern day, the term is more often used to refer to baby colic, a condition in infants of excessive crying which typically does not have an organic cause. The usage of the term colic in this latter sense became prevalent by the mid-20th century in pediatric journals.<ref>{{cite journal |journal=The Journal of Pediatrics |author=John G. Frohna |title=50 Years Ago in The Journal of Pediatrics |date=March 2007 |volume=250 |issue=3 |pages=228 |url=https://www.jpeds.com/article/S0022-3476(06)00887-0/fulltext}}</ref>
==Examples== *Baby colic, excess infant crying of unknown cause *Biliary colic, blockage by a gallstone of the common bile duct or cystic duct *Devon colic or painter's colic, a condition caused by lead poisoning *Horse colic, a potentially fatal condition experienced by horses, caused by intestinal displacement or blockage *Renal colic, a pain in the flank, characteristic of kidney stones
==References== {{Reflist}}
== External links == {{wiktionary|colic}}
{{Medical resources | DiseasesDB = | ICD10 = {{ICD10|R|10|4|r|10}} | ICD9 = | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = | eMedicineSubj = | eMedicineTopic = | MeshID = D003085 | ICD10CM = {{ICD10CM|R10.83}} }} {{Authority control}} {{Set index article}}
Category:Acute pain