Carpet shark

{{Short description|Order of sharks}} {{Automatic taxobox | name = Carpet sharks | fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Toarcian|Recent|ref=<ref name=Akaimia>{{Cite journal|author1=Alex Srdic |author2=Christopher J. Duffin |author3=David M. Martill |year=2016 |title=First occurrence of the orectolobiform shark ''Akaimia'' in the Oxford Clay Formation (Jurassic, Callovian) of England |journal=Proceedings of the Geologists' Association |volume=127 |issue=4 |pages=506–513 |doi=10.1016/j.pgeola.2016.07.002 |url=https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/first-occurrence-of-the-orectolobiform-shark-akaimia-in-the-oxford-clay-formation-jurassic-callovian-of-england(dfc43ced-c714-4737-9a73-83277c51be7a).html}}</ref>}} | image = Orectolobus maculatus.jpg | image_caption = Spotted wobbegong (''Orectolobus maculatus'') | display_parents = 3 | taxon = Orectolobiformes | authority = Applegate, 1972 | subdivision_ranks = Families | subdivision = See text }}

'''Carpet sharks''' are sharks classified in the order '''Orectolobiformes''' {{IPAc-en|Q|r|E|k|'|t|Q|l|@|b|ᵻ|f|ɔr|m|iː|z}}. Sometimes the common name "carpet shark" (given because many species resemble ornately patterned carpets) is used interchangeably with "wobbegong", which is the common name of sharks in the family Orectolobidae. Carpet sharks have five gill slits, two spineless dorsal fins, and a small mouth that does not extend past the eyes. Many species have barbels.

==Characteristics== The carpet sharks are a diverse group of sharks with differing sizes, appearances, diets, and habits. They first appeared in the fossil record in the Early Jurassic; the oldest known orectolobiform genera are ''Folipistrix'' (known from Toarcian to Aalenian of Belgium and Germany), ''Palaeobrachaelurus'' (Aalenian to Barremian) and ''Annea'' (Toarcian to Bajocian of Europe).<ref name=Akaimia/> All species have two dorsal fins and a relatively short, transverse mouth that does not extend behind the eyes. Besides the nostrils are barbels, tactile sensory organs, and grooves known as nasoral grooves connect the nostrils to the mouth. Five short gill slits are just in front of the origin of the pectoral fin and the fifth slit tends to overlap the fourth one.<ref name=fishbase>{{cite web |url=http://www.fishbase.org/summary/OrdersSummary.php?order=Orectolobiformes |title=Order Summary for Orectolobiformes |author=Nelson, J. S. |year=1994 |work=Fishbase |access-date=2013-10-12}}</ref> A spiracle occurs beneath each eye which is used in respiration. The only exception to this rule is the whale shark, the spiracles of which are situated just behind the eyes.<ref name=Plessis>{{cite web |url=http://www.sharksinfo.com/orectolobiformes.html |title=Orectolobiformes |author=Du Plessis |author2=Amelia |work=Sharks |access-date=2013-10-11}}</ref> Carpet sharks derive their common name from the fact that many species have a mottled appearance with intricate patterns reminiscent of carpet designs. The patterning provides camouflage when the fish is lying on the seabed.<ref name=britannica>{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/96781/carpet-shark |title=Carpet shark |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica online |access-date=2013-10-13}}</ref> The largest carpet shark is the whale shark (''Rhincodon typus'') which can grow to a length of {{convert|14|m|abbr=on}} to {{Convert|18.8|m|ft}}.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=McClain |first=Craig R. |last2=Balk |first2=Meghan A. |last3=Benfield |first3=Mark C. |last4=Branch |first4=Trevor A. |last5=Chen |first5=Catherine |last6=Cosgrove |first6=James |last7=Dove |first7=Alistair D.M. |last8=Gaskins |first8=Leo |last9=Helm |first9=Rebecca R. |last10=Hochberg |first10=Frederick G. |last11=Lee |first11=Frank B. |last12=Marshall |first12=Andrea |last13=McMurray |first13=Steven E. |last14=Schanche |first14=Caroline |last15=Stone |first15=Shane N. |date=2015-01-13 |title=Sizing ocean giants: patterns of intraspecific size variation in marine megafauna |url=https://peerj.com/articles/715 |journal=PeerJ |language=en |volume=3 |pages=e715 |doi=10.7717/peerj.715 |issn=2167-8359|doi-access=free |pmc=4304853 }}</ref> It is the largest species of fish, but despite its size, is not dangerous, as it is a filter feeder, drawing in water through its wide mouth and sifting out the plankton. The smallest carpet shark, at up to about {{convert|30|cm|abbr=on}} long, is the barbelthroat carpet shark, (''Cirrhoscyllium expolitum'').<ref name=Plessis/> Some of the most spectacularly coloured members of the order are the necklace carpet shark (''Parascyllium variolatum''), the zebra shark (''Stegostoma fasciatum''), the Epaulette shark (''Hemiscyllium ocellatum''), and the ornate wobbegong (''Orectolobus ornatus''). Nurse sharks and whale sharks have a fringe of barbels on their snouts, and barbelthroat carpet sharks (''Cirrhoscyllium expolitum'') have barbels dangling from their throat regions.

==Behaviour== Most carpet sharks feed on the seabed in shallow to medium-depth waters, detecting and picking up molluscs, crustaceans, and other small creatures.<ref name=Plessis/> The wobbegongs tend to be ambush predators, lying hidden on the seabed until prey approaches. One has been observed swallowing a bamboo shark whole.<ref>{{cite news|title=Pictures: Shark Swallows Another Shark Whole |author=Scales, Helen |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.co.uk/news/2012/02/pictures/120213-sharks-swallows-whole-great-barrier-reef-animals-science/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131013132904/http://news.nationalgeographic.co.uk/news/2012/02/pictures/120213-sharks-swallows-whole-great-barrier-reef-animals-science/ |archive-date=2013-10-13 |newspaper=National Geographic: Daily News |date=2012-02-13 |access-date=2013-10-13 }}</ref>

The methods of reproduction of carpet sharks varies. Some species are oviparous and lay eggs which may be liberated directly into the water or may be enclosed in horny egg cases. Some female sharks have been observed to push egg cases into crevices and this would be an added protection for the developing embryos. Other species are ovoviviparous and the fertilised eggs are retained in the mother's oviduct. There, the developing embryos, which are usually few in number, feed on their yolk sacs at first and later hatch out and feed on nutrients secreted by the walls of the oviduct. The young are born in an advanced state, ready to live independent lives.<ref name=Plessis/>

==Distribution== Carpet sharks are found in all the oceans of the world but predominantly in tropical and temperate waters. They are most common in the western Indo-Pacific region and are usually found in relatively deep water.<ref name=Plessis/>

==Classification== The order is small, with seven families in 13 genera and with a total of around 43 species:

{| class="wikitable" |- ! Family ! Image ! Common name ! Genera ! Species ! Description |- ! style="background:rgb(110,110,170)" | Brachaeluridae | 160px | align=center | Blind sharks | align=center | 1 | align=center | 2 | valign=top | Blind sharks are found in shallow coastal waters up to {{convert|110|m|ft|abbr=on}} deep off the eastern coast of Australia.<ref name=FB>{{FishBase_family|family=Brachaeluridae|year=2009|month=January}}</ref> They are distinguished by the presence of long barbels, large spiracles, and grooves around the nostrils. They have two dorsal fins, placed close together on the back, and a relatively short tail. Blind sharks feed on small fish, cuttlefish, sea anemones, and crustaceans. The female retains the eggs in her body until they hatch (ovoviviparity), during which time the embryos feed solely on the egg yolk.<ref name=FB /> Despite their name, blind sharks are not blind; their name comes from their habit of closing their eyes when taken out of water.<ref name=FB/> There are only two species. |- ! style="background:rgb(110,110,170)" | Ginglymostomatidae | 160px | align=center | Nurse sharks | align=center | 3 | align=center | 4 | valign=top | Nurse sharks have long tails and distinctive mouths which are far ahead of the eyes and before the snout (subterminal), an indication of the bottom-dwelling (benthic) nature of these sharks. Also present on the lower jaw are two fleshy barbels, chemosensory organs which help the nurse sharks find prey hidden in the sediments. Common in shallow, tropical, and subtropical waters, these sharks are sluggish and docile bottom-dwellers. Nurse sharks typically attack humans only if directly threatened. The largest species can reach a length of {{convert|4.3|m|ft|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{FishBase_family|family=Ginglymostomatidae|year=2011|month=February}}</ref> |- ! style="background:rgb(110,110,170)" | Hemiscylliidae | 160px | align=center | Bamboo sharks | align=center | 2 extant 4 extinct | align=center | 16 extant 6 extinct | valign=top | Bamboo sharks, sometimes called longtail carpet sharks, are distinguished by a relatively long snout with subterminal nostrils.<ref name="compagno">{{cite book |author=Compagno, Leonard J.V. |year=1984 |title=Sharks of the World: An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date |place=Rome |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization |isbn=92-5-101384-5}}</ref> They are relatively small sharks, with the largest species reaching only {{convert|121|cm|in|abbr=on}} in length. They have elongated, cylindrical bodies, with short barbels and large spiracles. As their common name suggests, they have unusually long tails, exceeding the length of the rest of their bodies. They are found in shallow waters of the tropical Indo-Pacific. They are sluggish fish, feeding on bottom-dwelling invertebrates and smaller fish.<ref>{{FishBase family|family=Hemiscylliidae|year=2009|month=January}}</ref> |- ! style="background:rgb(110,110,170)" | Orectolobidae | 160px | align=center | Wobbegong sharks | align=center | 3 extant 1 extinct | align=center | 12 extant 1 extinct | valign=top | Wobbegong sharks are well camouflaged with symmetric, bold patterns resembling a carpet. The camouflage is improved by the presence of small weed-like whisker lobes surrounding the jaw, which help to camouflage it and act as sensory barbs.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au/cps/rde/dpi/hs.xsl/28_12484_ENA_HTML.htm |title=Wobbegongs - five species encountered in Queensland |date=2009-03-02 |publisher=Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries |access-date=2009-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090614190228/http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au/cps/rde/dpi/hs.xsl/28_12484_ENA_HTML.htm |archive-date=2009-06-14 }}</ref> Wobbegongs are bottom-dwelling and spend much time resting on the sea floor. They are found in shallow temperate and tropical waters of the western Pacific Ocean and eastern Indian Ocean, chiefly around Australia and Indonesia. Most species have a maximum length of {{convert|1.25|m|ft|abbr=on}} or less, and the largest reach about {{convert|3|m|ft|abbr=on}} in length. Wobbegongs are generally not dangerous to humans unless provoked.<ref>{{cite book |last=Kuiter |first=Rudie |title=Guide to Sea Fishes of Australia |page=12 |edition=amended |year=1999 |publisher=New Holland Publishers (Aust.) Pty Ltd. |isbn=1-86436-091-7}}</ref> |- ! style="background:rgb(110,110,170)" | Parascylliidae | 160px | align=center | Collared carpet sharks | align=center | 2 | align=center | 8 | valign=top | Collared carpet sharks have elongated, slender bodies, cat-like eyes, and barbels behind their chins. They are found only in the shallow waters of the western Pacific. They are relatively small sharks, with the largest species reaching no more than {{convert|91|cm|ft|abbr=on}} in adult length.<ref>{{FishBase family | family = Parascylliidae | month = February| year = 2011}}</ref> |- ! style="background:rgb(110,110,170)" | Rhincodontidae | 160px | align=center | Whale sharks | align=center | 1 | align=center | 1 | valign=top | The whale shark is the largest extant fish species, growing over 12 m (40 ft) long and weighing over 20 tonnes (45,000 lb). It is a slow-moving filter feeder with a very large mouth, feeding mainly, though not exclusively, on plankton. The whale shark is a pelagic species, living in the open sea in tropical and warm oceans with a lifespan around 70 years.<ref>{{cite web|editor-first1=Rainer |editor-last1=Froese |editor-first2=Daniel |editor-last2=Pauly |title=''Rhincodon typus'' |publisher=FishBase |access-date=17 September 2006 |url=http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2081}}</ref> The IUCN has assessed it as Endangered.<ref name="iucn">{{cite iucn |author=Pierce, S.J. |author2=Norman, B. |date=2016 |title=''Rhincodon typus'' |article-number=e.T19488A2365291 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T19488A2365291.en}}</ref> |- ! style="background:rgb(110,110,170)" | Stegostomatidae | 160px | align=center | Zebra sharks | align=center | 1 | align=center | 1 | valign=top | Zebra sharks are distinctive in appearance, with five longitudinal ridges on a cylindrical body, a low caudal fin comprising nearly half the total length, and a pattern of dark spots on a pale background. They grow to a length of 2.5 m (8.2 ft), and are found throughout the tropical Indo-Pacific, frequenting coral reefs and sandy flats to a depth of 62 m (210 ft). They are nocturnal and spend most of the day resting motionless on the sea floor. They are innocuous to humans. The IUCN has assessed them as endangered and their populations are likely in decline.<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Rigby, C.L. |author2=Dudgeon, C.L. |author3=Armstrong, A.O. |author4=Bateman, R. |author5=Jabado, R.W. |author6=Robinson, D. |author7=Rohner, C.A. |author8=Venables, S.K. |year=2024 |title=''Stegostoma tigrinum'' |article-number=e.T41878A124425292 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-1.RLTS.T41878A124425292.en}}</ref> |}

=== Extant species === '''Order Orectolobiformes''' * Family Brachaeluridae Applegate (blind sharks) ** Genus ''Brachaelurus'' Ogilby, 1908 *** ''Brachaelurus colcloughi'' (Ogilby, 1908) (bluegrey carpetshark) *** ''Brachaelurus waddi'' (Bloch & J. G. Schneider, 1801) (blind shark) * Family Ginglymostomatidae Gill, 1862 (nurse sharks) ** Genus ''Ginglymostoma'' J. P. Müller & Henle, 1837 *** ''Ginglymostoma cirratum'' Bonnaterre, 1788 (nurse shark) *** ''Ginglymostoma unami'' Del-Moral-Flores, Ramírez-Antonio, Angulo & Pérez-Ponce de León, 2015<ref name=Del-Moral-Flores2015>{{cite journal |author=Moral-Flores, L.F.D. |author2=Ramírez-Antonio, E. |author3=Angulo, A. |author4=Pérez-Ponce de León, G. |name-list-style=amp|year=2015 |title=''Ginglymostoma unami'' sp. nov. (Chondrichthyes: Orectolobiformes: Ginglymostomatidae): a new species of nurse shark from the Tropical Eastern Pacific |journal=Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad |volume=86 |pages=48–58 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274270842 |doi=10.7550/rmb.46192|doi-access=free }}</ref> ** Genus ''Nebrius'' Rüppell, 1837 *** ''Nebrius ferrugineus'' (Lesson, 1831) (tawny nurse shark) ** Genus ''Pseudoginglymostoma'' Dingerkus, 1986 *** ''Pseudoginglymostoma brevicaudatum'' (Günther, 1867) (short-tail nurse shark) * Family Hemiscylliidae Gill, 1862 (bamboo sharks) ** Genus ''Chiloscyllium'' J. P. Müller & Henle, 1837 *** ''Chiloscyllium arabicum'' Gubanov, 1980 (Arabian carpetshark) *** ''Chiloscyllium burmensis'' Dingerkus & DeFino, 1983 (Burmese bamboo shark) *** ''Chiloscyllium griseum'' J. P. Müller & Henle, 1838 (grey bamboo shark) *** ''Chiloscyllium hasselti'' Bleeker, 1852 (Hasselt's bamboo shark) *** ''Chiloscyllium indicum'' (J. F. Gmelin, 1789) (slender bamboo shark) *** ''Chiloscyllium plagiosum'' (Anonymous, referred to Bennett, 1830) (white-spotted bamboo shark) *** ''Chiloscyllium punctatum'' J. P. Müller & Henle, 1838 (brownbanded bamboo shark) ** Genus ''Hemiscyllium'' J. P. Müller & Henle, 1837 *** ''Hemiscyllium freycineti'' (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) (Indonesian speckled carpetshark) *** ''Hemiscyllium galei'' G. R. Allen & Erdmann, 2008<ref name=AE2008>{{cite journal |journal=Aqua (Miradolo Terme) |volume=13 |issue=3–4 |year=2008 |pages=93–108 |title=Two new species of bamboo sharks (Orectolobiformes: Hemiscylliidae) from Western New Guinea |author=Allen |author2=Erdmann |name-list-style=amp}}</ref> (Cenderwasih epaulette shark) *** ''Hemiscyllium hallstromi'' Whitley, 1967 (Papuan epaulette shark) *** ''Hemiscyllium halmahera'' G. R. Allen, Erdmann & Dudgeon, 2013<ref name=Allen2013>Allen, G.R., Erdmann, M.V. & Dudgeon, C.L. (2013): ''Hemiscyllium halmahera'', a new species of Bamboo Shark (Hemiscylliidae) from Indonesia. ''aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology, 19 (3): 123–136.''</ref> (Halmahera epaulette shark) *** ''Hemiscyllium henryi'' G. R. Allen & Erdmann, 2008<ref name=AE2008/> (Henry's epaulette shark) *** ''Hemiscyllium michaeli'' G. R. Allen & Dudgeon, 2010<ref>{{cite journal |journal=Aqua International Journal of Ichthyology |volume=16 |issue=1 |year=2010 |pages=19–30 |title=Hemiscyllium michaeli, a new species of Bamboo Shark (Hemiscyllidae) from Papua New Guinea |author=Allen |author2=Dudgeon |name-list-style=amp}}</ref> (Milne Bay epaulette shark) *** ''Hemiscyllium ocellatum'' (Bonnaterre, 1788) (epaulette shark) *** ''Hemiscyllium strahani'' Whitley, 1967 (hooded carpetshark) *** ''Hemiscyllium trispeculare'' J. Richardson, 1843 (speckled carpetshark) * Family Orectolobidae Gill, 1896 (wobbegong sharks) ** Genus ''Eucrossorhinus'' Regan, 1908 *** ''Eucrossorhinus dasypogon'' (Bleeker, 1867) (tasselled wobbegong) ** Genus ''Orectolobus'' Bonaparte, 1834 *** ''Orectolobus floridus'' Last & Chidlow, 2008 (floral banded wobbegong) *** ''Orectolobus halei'' Whitley, 1940.<ref>{{cite journal |journal=Zootaxa |url=http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2006f/z01284p051f.pdf |volume=1284 |year=2006 |pages=29–51 |title=Redescription of two species of wobbegongs (Chondrichthyes: Orectolobidae) with elevation of Orectolobus halei Whitley 1940 to species level |author=Huveneers}}</ref> *** ''Orectolobus hutchinsi'' Last, Chidlow & Compagno, 2006.<ref>{{cite journal |journal=Zootaxa |url=http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2006f/z01239p048f.pdf |volume=1239 |year=2006 |pages=35–48 |title=A new wobbegong shark, Orectolobus hutchinsi n. sp. (Orectolobiformes: Orectolobidae) from southwestern Australia |author=Last, Chidlow |author2=Compagno |name-list-style=amp|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.1239.1.3}}</ref> (western wobbegong) *** ''Orectolobus japonicus'' Regan, 1906 (Japanese wobbegong) *** ''Orectolobus leptolineatus'' Last, Pogonoski & W. T. White, 2010 (Indonesian wobbegong) *** ''Orectolobus maculatus'' (Bonnaterre, 1788) (spotted wobbegong) *** ''Orectolobus ornatus'' (De Vis, 1883) (ornate wobbegong) *** ''Orectolobus parvimaculatus'' Last & Chidlow, 2008 (dwarf spotted wobbegong) *** ''Orectolobus reticulatus'' Last, Pogonoski & W. T. White, 2008 (network wobbegong) *** ''Orectolobus wardi'' Whitley, 1939 (northern wobbegong) ** Genus ''Sutorectus'' Whitley, 1939 *** ''Sutorectus tentaculatus'' (W. K. H. Peters, 1864) (cobbler wobbegong) * Family Parascylliidae Gill, 1862 (collared carpet sharks) ** Genus ''Cirrhoscyllium'' H. M. Smith & Radcliffe, 1913 *** ''Cirrhoscyllium expolitum'' H. M. Smith & Radcliffe, 1913 (barbelthroat carpetshark) *** ''Cirrhoscyllium formosanum'' Teng, 1959 (Taiwan saddled carpetshark) *** ''Cirrhoscyllium japonicum'' Kamohara, 1943 (saddle carpetshark) ** Genus ''Parascyllium'' Gill, 1862 *** ''Parascyllium collare'' E. P. Ramsay & Ogilby, 1888 (collared carpetshark) *** ''Parascyllium elongatum'' Last & Stevens, 2008 (elongate carpetshark) *** ''Parascyllium ferrugineum'' McCulloch, 1911 (rusty carpetshark) *** ''Parascyllium sparsimaculatum'' T. Goto & Last, 2002 (ginger carpetshark) *** ''Parascyllium variolatum'' (A. H. A. Duméril, 1853) (necklace carpetshark) * Family Rhincodontidae (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839) (whale sharks) ** Genus ''Rhincodon'' A. Smith, 1828 *** ''Rhincodon typus'' A. Smith, 1828 (whale shark) * Family Stegostomatidae Gill, 1862 (zebra sharks) ** Genus ''Stegostoma'' J. P. Müller & Henle, 1837 *** ''Stegostoma fasciatum'' (Hermann, 1783) (zebra shark)

=== Fossil genera === [[File:Phorcynis catulina.jpg|thumb|Full body fossil of the Jurassic genus ''Phorcynis'']] The following fossil genera are recognized:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Extinct - valid species {{!}} Species {{!}} Shark-References |url=https://shark-references.com/species/listValidFossil/A |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=shark-references.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=PBDB |url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=34573 |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=paleobiodb.org}}</ref>

* '''Order Orectolobiformes''' ** Genus †''Akaimia'' Rees, 2010 ** Genus †''Annea'' Thies, 1982 ** Genus †''Dorsetoscyllium'' Underwood & Ward, 2004 ** Genus †''Galagadon'' Gates, Gorscak & Makovicky, 2019 ** Genus †''Heterophorcynus'' Underwood & Ward, 2004 ** Genus †''Folipistrix'' Kriwet, 2003 ** Genus †''Palaeorectolobus'' Kriwet, 2008 ** Genus †''Parasquatina'' Herman, 1982 ** Genus †''Phorcynis'' Thiollière, 1854 ** Genus †''Similiteroscyllium'' Fuchs, Engelbrecht, Lukeneder & Kriwet, 2017 ** Family Brachaeluridae *** Genus †''Eostegostoma'' Herman & Crochard, 1977 *** Genus †''Garrigascyllium'' Guinot ''et al''., 2014 *** Genus †''Magistrauia'' Guinot, Cappetta & Adnet, 2014 *** Genus †''Palaeobrachaelurus'' Thies, 1983 *** Genus †''Paraginglymostoma'' Thies, 1982 *** Genus †''Parahemiscyllium'' Guinot, Cappetta & Adnet, 2014 ** Family Ginglymostomatidae *** Genus †''Cantioscyllium'' Woodward, 1889 *** Genus †''Delpitoscyllium'' Noubhani & Cappetta, 1997 *** Genus †''Ganntouria'' Noubhani & Cappetta, 1997 *** Genus †''Hologinglymostoma'' Noubhani & Cappetta, 1997 *** Genus †''Plicatoscyllium'' Case & Cappetta, 1997 *** Genus †''Protoginglymostoma'' Herman & Crochard, 1977 ** Family Hemiscyllidae *** Genus †''Acanthoscyllium'' (Pictet & Humbert, 1966) *** Genus †''Adnetoscyllium'' Guinot, Underwood, Cappetta & Ward, 2013 *** Genus †''Almascyllium'' Cappetta, 1980 *** Genus †''Notaramphoscyllium'' Engelbrecht, Mörs, Reguero & Kriwet, 2017 *** Genus †''Pseudospinax'' Müller & Diedrich, 1991 ** Family †Mesiteiidae Pfeil, 2021 *** Genus †''Mesiteia'' Gorjanovic''-''Kramberger, 1885 ** Family Orectolobidae *** Genus †''Cederstroemia'' Siverson, 1995 *** Genus †''Coelometlaouia'' Engelbrecht, Mörs, Reguero & Kriwet, 2017 *** Genus †''Cretorectolobus'' Case, 1978 *** Genus †''Eometlaouia'' Noubhani & Cappetta, 2002 *** Genus †''Gryphodobatis'' Leidy, 1877 *** Genus †''Orectoloboides'' Cappetta, 1977 *** Genus †''Restesia'' Cook ''et al''., 2014 *** Genus †''Squatiscyllium'' Cappetta, 1980 ** Family Parascyllidae *** Genus †''Pararhincodon'' Herman ''in'' Cappetta, 1976 ** Family Rhincodontidae *** Genus †''Palaeorhincodon'' Herman, 1974

==See also== {{Portal|Sharks}} * List of sharks

==References== {{Reflist|33em}}

==Further reading== * Compagno, Leonard (2002) [http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/x9293e/x9293e00.htm ''Sharks of the World: Bullhead, mackerel and carpet sharks''] Volume 2, FAO Species Catalogue, Rome. {{ISBN|92-5-104543-7}}.

==External links== * [http://www.elasmo-research.org/education/shark_profiles/orectolobiformes.htm Reefquest page on carpet sharks] * [http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/OrdersSummary.cfm?order=Orectolobiformes FishBase page on Orectolobiformes] * http://www.elasmo-research.org/education/topics/d_checklist.htm

Category:Carpet sharks  Category:Extant Early Jurassic first appearances