Thai baht

{{Short description|Currency of Thailand}} {{Redirect|Baht}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}} {{Use British English|date=April 2026}} {{Infobox currency | local_name1 = บาทไทย | local_name_lang1 = th | image_1 = Thai money.jpg | image_title_1 = Banknotes and coins of the Thai baht issued by the Bank of Thailand (15th series) | iso_code = THB | no_plural = Y | symbol_comment = ฿ or บ | subunit_ratio_1 = {{frac|100}} | subunit_name_1 = satang | banknote_article = Banknotes of the Thai baht | coin_article = Thai baht#Coins | used_banknotes = ฿20, ฿50, ฿100, ฿500, ฿1000 | frequently_used_coins = 25, 50 satang, ฿1, ฿2, ฿5, ฿10 | rarely_used_coins = 1, 5, 10 satang (internal use in banks; not in circulation) | date_of_introduction = {{start date and age|1897|df=y}} | using_countries = {{flag|Thailand}} | unofficial_users = {{ubl|{{flag|Cambodia}}|{{flag|Laos}}|{{flag|Myanmar}}|{{flag|Vietnam}}}} | issuing_authority_website = {{URL|www.bot.or.th}} | issuing_authority = Bank of Thailand | printer = Note Printing Works of the {{nowrap|Bank of Thailand}} | mint_website = {{URL|www.royalthaimint.net}} | mint = Royal Thai Mint | inflation_source_date = {{URL|1=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.DEFL.KD.ZG?locations=TH|2=World Bank}} | inflation_rate = 1.2% (2023) | pegged_with = {{ubl|class=nowrap |Spanish dollar: 1856–1880 |Pound sterling: 1880–1942 |Japanese yen: 1942–1945 |United States dollar: 1956–1997 |Free floating: 1997–present }} }}

The '''baht''' ({{IPAc-en|b|ɑː|t}}; {{langx|th|บาท}}, {{IPA|th|bàːt̚|pron}}; sign: '''฿''' or '''บ.'''; code: '''THB''') is the official currency of Thailand. It is divided into 100 ''satang'' ({{lang|th|สตางค์}}, {{IPA|th|sà.tāːŋ|pron}}; sign: '''st.''' or '''สต.'''). The currency was officially adopted during the Sukhothai period (1238-1438 CE) and continuously issued since. Initially issued in the podduang form, King Rama IV decided to switch to flat coins in 1860. The baht was then decimalised in 1897, before which the baht was divided into 8 ''fueang'' ({{lang|th|เฟื้อง}}, {{IPA|th|fɯá̯ŋ|pron}}), each into 8 ''at'' ({{lang|th|อัฐ}}, {{IPA|th|ʔàt̚|pron}}), and each into 100 bia ({{lang|th|เบี้ย}}, {{IPA|th|bîa|pron}}). The issuance of currency is the responsibility of the Bank of Thailand. SWIFT ranked the Thai baht as the 10th-most-frequently used world payment currency as of December 2023.<ref>[https://www.swift.com/file/58686/download?token=4V_STiPJ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422163705/https://www.swift.com/file/58686/download?token=4V_STiPJ|date=2019-04-22}}[https://www.swift.com/file/56351/download?token=pg_59sd1 RMB Tracker February 2019] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422163642/https://www.swift.com/file/56351/download?token=pg_59sd1|date=2019-04-22}}</ref>

The baht was defined as 15.16 grams (0.4874 troy oz) of silver or gold, which was exchanged at 16:1 ratio. This was the case until the decree of June 29, 1874 which switched the Thai baht to the silver standard, and again in 1908, converting the baht to the gold standard before being completely debased in 1962 with the halt in production of the silver baht coin.

The baht was pegged to the Spanish dollar from 1856 at a ฿5 to $3 ratio. It was then pegged to the British pound sterling (£) at a ฿8 to £1 in 1880 and subsequently several re-pegging to a new ratio. The baht was then pegged to the US dollar at a ฿20 to US$1 ratio along with several re-peg. The baht was forced to float in 1997 causing the Asian financial crisis.

== History == {{Main|History of Thai money}}

{{See also|Tical (unit)}} {{Infobox currency | currency_name = Siamese tical {{small|(Predecimal Thai baht)}} | image_1 = Coin Museum Thailand by Trisorn Triboon 64.jpg | image_title_1 = Predecimal bullet coin issued by Rama III | image_2 = 1876 1 Baht O.png | image_title_2 = Predecimal tical coin issued by Rama V | plural = ticals (baht) | symbol_comment = None official. The abbreviations Tcs, Tcl, {{lang|zh-Hant|圓}}, or {{lang|zh-Hant|銖}} were used. | superunit_ratio_1 = 80 | superunit_name_1 = chang | superunit_ratio_2 = 4 | superunit_name_2 = tamlueng | subunit_ratio_1 = {{frac|1|8}} | subunit_name_1 = fueang | subunit_ratio_2 = {{frac|1|64}} | subunit_name_2 = at | symbol_subunit_1 = F or {{lang|zh-Hant|方}} | banknote_article = Banknotes of the Thai baht | coin_article = Thai baht#Coins | frequently_used_banknotes = {{cslist|1 Tcs|5 Tcs}} | rarely_used_banknotes = {{cslist|{{frac|1|8}} Tcs|{{frac|1|4}} Tcs|{{frac|3|8}} Tcs|{{frac|1|2}} Tcs|{{frac|5|8}} Tcs|{{frac|3|4}} Tcs|{{frac|7|8}} Tcs|8 Tcs|10 Tcs|12 Tcs|16 Tcs|20 Tcs|24 Tcs|28 Tcs|32 Tcs|40 Tcs|48 Tcs|60 Tcs|80 Tcs|100 Tcs|140 Tcs|400 Tcs|800 Tcs|1000 Tcs}} | frequently_used_coins = 1⁄16 F, 1⁄8 F, 1⁄4 F, 1⁄2 F, 1 F, 1⁄4 Tcs, 1⁄2 Tcs, 1 Tcs, 1⁄2 Tm, 1 Tm, 2 1⁄2 Tcs, 4 Tcs, 8 Tcs | date_of_introduction = {{end date and age|1238}} | date_of_withdrawal = {{end date and age|1910}} | using_countries = {{flag|Rattanakosin Kingdom|name=Siam}} | issuing_authority = Siamese government | printer = see {{section link|#Predecimal banknotes}} | mint = Royal Thai Mint | pegged_with = Pound sterling (from 1908) {{nowrap|(13 baht per £)}} | obsolete = yes | obsolete_notice = yes }}

The Thai baht, like the pound, originated from a traditional unit of mass. Its currency value was originally expressed as that of silver of corresponding weight (now defined as 15 grams), and was in use probably as early as the Sukhothai period in the form of bullet coins known in Thai as ''photduang''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Thailand Commemorative Bullet Coins (112) |url=https://coincoin.com/I112.htm |website=Scott Semans World Coins |access-date=25 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111111216/http://www.coincoin.com/I112.htm |archive-date=11 November 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> These were pieces of solid silver cast to various weights corresponding to a traditional system of units related by simple fractions and multiples, one of which is the ''baht''. These are listed in the following table:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chiangmai-chiangrai.com/siamese_money.html |title= The History of Siamese Money |access-date=2018-10-25|date=2010-06-16|website= Welcome to Chiangmai & Chiangrai |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110928105132/http://www.chiangmai-chiangrai.com/siamese_money.html |archive-date = September 28, 2011 |url-status= dead |df= mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |script-title=th:เหรียญกษาปณ์ของไทย |trans-title=Coins of Thailand |url=http://www1.mod.go.th/heritage/nation/krasab/index1.htm |website=Ministry of Defense of Thailand |access-date=15 October 2011 |language=th |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204133229/http://www1.mod.go.th/heritage/nation/krasab/index1.htm |archive-date=2012-02-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Though the coins themselves have names like: ''solot'', ''siao'','' sik'', etc., the formal division of the Thai baht (tical) is 1 baht = 8 ''fueang'' = 64 ''at''. This means that ''one baht'' is divided into ''eight fueang'', and each ''one fueang'' is divided into ''eigth at''. Currently, the Thai baht do not employ the ''at'' as a subunit, but the ''at'' is the current subunit of the Lao kip.

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=== Denominations === thumb|407x407px|Siamese predecimal tical system {| class="wikitable" |+ ! rowspan="2" |Unit ! rowspan="2" |Example ! colspan="2" |Value relative to ! rowspan="2" |Notes |- !Baht !Satang |- |'''{{lang|th-Latn|Bia|italic=no|}}''' {{lang|th|เบี้ย}} |frameless|150x150px |{{Fraction|1|6400}} |0.0156 |{{lang|th-Latn|Bia}} is Thai for cowry, the shell of which was used as a trade medium of the same value. ''The value fluxuate anywhere from 1 at = 60 to 1 at = 1200 depending on the era'' |- |'''{{lang|th-Latn|Solot|italic=no}}''' {{lang|th|โสฬส}} |frameless|150x150px |{{Fraction|1|128}} |0.78 |{{lang|th-Latn|Solot}} here literally means ''sixteen'' or ''sixteenth'', referring to the fractional amount relative to a {{lang|th-Latn|fueang}}. |- |'''Satang''' {{lang|th|สตางค์}} |frameless|150x150px |{{Fraction|1|100}} |1.00 |Means a hundredth of a cash |- |'''{{lang|th-Latn|At|italic=no}}''' {{lang|th|อัฐ}} |frameless|150x150px |{{Fraction|1|64}} |1.56 |Likewise, {{lang|th-Latn|at}} means ''eight''. |- |'''{{lang|th-Latn|Siao|italic=no}}'''/'''{{lang|th-Latn|Phai|italic=no}}''' {{lang|th|เสี้ยว}}/เสี้ยว/{{lang|th|ไพ}} |frameless|150x150px |{{Fraction|1|32}} |3.125 |{{lang|th-Latn|Siao}} means ''quarter''. |- |'''{{lang|th-Latn|Sik|italic=no}}''' {{lang|th|ซีก}}/สิ้ก |frameless|150x150px |{{Fraction|1|16}} |6.25 |{{lang|th-Latn|Sik}} means ''half''. |- |'''{{lang|th-Latn|Fueang|italic=no}}''' {{lang|th|เฟื้อง}} |frameless|150x150px |{{Fraction|1|8}} |12.5 |The smallest silver bullet coins available in the market. |- |'''{{lang|th-Latn|Salueng|italic=no}}''' {{lang|th|สลึง}} |frameless|150x150px |{{Fraction|1|4}} |25 |Thai version of the mace. It is also the equivalent of the Cambodian salong, and Burmese pya. |- |'''Baht''' {{lang|th|บาท}} |frameless|150x150px |1 |100 |It is also the equivalent of the Cambodian baat, and Burmese kyat. Its alternative name is the tical. |- |'''{{lang|th-Latn|Tamlueng|italic=no}}''' {{lang|th|ตำลึง}} |frameless|155x155px |4 |400 |Thai version of the tael. |- |'''{{lang|th-Latn|Chang|italic=no}}''' {{lang|th|ชั่ง}} |frameless|150x150px |80 |8000 |Thai version of the catty. |- |'''{{lang|th-Latn|Hap|italic=no}}''' {{lang|th|หาบ}} |''no example'' |6400 |640000 | |} This predecimal system was in use up until 1897, when the decimal system devised by Prince Jayanta Mongkol, in which one baht = 100 satang, was introduced by his half-brother King Chulalongkorn along with the demonetisation of silver bullet coins on 28 October 1904 after the end of silver bullet coin production by the opening of Sitthikarn Royal Mint in 1857.<ref>{{cite web |script-title=th:เงินตรา |trans-title=Money |url=http://www.royalthaimint.net/ewtadmin/ewt/mint_web/ewt_news.php?nid=46&filename=index |publisher=Royal Thai Mint |access-date=22 November 2020 |language=th |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304103729/http://www.royalthaimint.net/ewtadmin/ewt/mint_web/ewt_news.php?nid=46&filename=index |url-status=live }}</ref> However, coins denominated in the old units were issued until 1910, and the amount of 25 satang is still commonly referred to as a {{lang|th-Latn|salueng}}, as is the 25-satang coin.

Until 27 November 1902, the baht was fixed on a purely silver basis, with 15 grams of silver to the baht. This caused the value of the currency to vary relative to currencies on a gold standard. From 1856 to 1864, the values of certain foreign silver coins were fixed by law, with 5 baht = 3 Spanish dollar = 7 Indian rupees.<ref name=":9">{{cite web |script-title=th:รัชกาลที่ 4 รับสั่งทำ "เหรียญกระษาปณ์" รับมือการค้ากับต่างชาติ |trans-title=King Mongkut ordered the production of western style coins as the response to the rising trades with foreigners|url=https://www.silpa-mag.com/history/article_29937|website=Silpa Watthanatham Magazine|date=27 March 2019|access-date=22 November 2020|language=th|archive-date=21 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201121204620/https://www.silpa-mag.com/history/article_29937|url-status=live}}</ref> Before 1880 the exchange rate was fixed at 8 baht per £, falling to 10 to the £ during the 1880s.

In 1902, the government began to increase the value of the baht by following all increases in the value of silver against gold but not reducing it when the silver price fell. Beginning at 21.75 baht per British £, the currency rose in value until, in 1908, a fixed peg to the British pound sterling was established of 13 baht per £. This was revised to 12 baht in 1919 and then, after a period of instability, to 11 baht in 1923. During World War II, the baht was fixed at a value of one Japanese yen on 22 April 1942.<ref>{{cite web |script-title=th:กฎกระทรวงการคลัง ออกตามความในพระราชบัญญัติ เงินตราในภาวะฉุกเฉิน พุทธศักราช 2484 (ฉะบับที่ 3) |trans-title=Ministry of Finance Regulation issued according to Currency during the Emergency Situation of BE 2484 (Issue No. 3) |url=https://dl.parliament.go.th/handle/lirt/237846 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024193720/https://dl.parliament.go.th/handle/lirt/237846 |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 24, 2021 |website=Legislative Institutional Repository of Thailand |access-date=22 November 2020 |language=th }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Currency Before and During the War by Prince Vivadhanajaya 21 July BE 2488 (1945) |url=https://vajirayana.org/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%92%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2/currency-and-during-war |website={{lang|th|วชิรญาณ}} |access-date=23 November 2020 |language=en |archive-date=30 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130033417/https://vajirayana.org/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%92%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2/currency-and-during-war |url-status=live }}</ref>

From 1956 until 1973, the baht was pegged to the US dollar at an exchange rate of 20.8 baht = one US$ and at 20 baht = 1 US$ until 1978.<ref>{{cite journal |script-title=th:จากระบบอัตราแลกเปลี่ยนอิงตะกร้าเงินสู่ระบบอัตราแลกเปลี่ยนลอยตัว |trans-title=From Monetary FOREX system to floating FOREX |journal={{lang|th|เศรษฐสาร}} |volume=11 |issue=7 (July) |orig-date=BE 2540 |date=1997 |url=http://www.econ.tu.ac.th/oldweb/doc/article/fulltext/81.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307010248/http://www.econ.tu.ac.th/oldweb/doc/article/fulltext/81.pdf |archive-date=7 March 2020 |access-date=28 May 2012 |language=th }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://info.gotomanager.com/news/details.aspx?id=9460 |script-title=th:ลดค่าเงินบาทในภาษาที่ทุกคนเข้าใจ โดย เสรี ทรัพย์เจริญ นิตยสารผู้จัดการ พฤศจิกายน 2527 |language=th |access-date=22 November 2020 |archive-date=25 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151225104336/http://info.gotomanager.com/news/details.aspx?id=9460 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A strengthening US economy caused Thailand to re-peg its currency at 25 to the US$ from 1984 until 2 July 1997, when the country was affected by the 1997 Asian financial crisis. The baht was floated and halved in value, reaching its lowest rate of 56 to the US$ in January 1998. It rose to 30 per US$ in January 2021.

The baht was originally known to foreigners by the term ''tical'',<ref name="JSS_033_2c_Campos">{{cite journal |last=de Campos |first=J. J. |year=1941 |title=The Origin of the Tical |journal=Journal of the Siam Society |volume=33.2c |publisher=Siam Heritage Trust |url=http://www.siamese-heritage.org/jsspdf/1941/JSS_033_2c_Campos_OriginOfTical.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.siamese-heritage.org/jsspdf/1941/JSS_033_2c_Campos_OriginOfTical.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |access-date= June 23, 2013 |quote=From the earliest times in Southern Burma, the weight adopted were not the Chinese ''liang'' or ''tael'' or its variants, but the Indian ''bahur'' and the ''viss'', the latter being divided into 100 ticals. It is this Burmese ''tical'', which was and continues to be in Burma the designation of a definite weight of uncoined silver or its compound, that throws light on the problem of the Thai ''tical''. }}</ref> which was used in English language text on banknotes until the series 2 1925.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bot.or.th/English/Banknotes/HistoryANdSeriesOfBanknotes/Pages/Banknote_Series01.aspx |title=Banknotes, Series 1 |date=23 February 2012 |website=Bank of Thailand |access-date=9 May 2012 |quote=each denomination had many types which were printed by Thomas De La Rue & Company Limited, England. |archive-date=4 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404015111/https://www.bot.or.th/English/Banknotes/HistoryAndSeriesOfBanknotes/Pages/Banknote_Series01.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bot.or.th/English/Banknotes/HistoryANdSeriesOfBanknotes/Pages/Banknote_Series02.aspx |title=Banknotes, Series 2 |date=22 November 2020 |website=Bank of Thailand |access-date=22 November 2020 |archive-date=4 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120704102039/http://www.bot.or.th/English/Banknotes/HistoryANdSeriesOfBanknotes/Pages/Banknote_Series02.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Currency sub-unit equivalents === {| class="wikitable text-align: center" |+ !'''Thai Equiv. Subunits''' !Thailand (Siam) !India (British India) !Myanmar (Konbaung) !British pound !US dollar !Cambodia !Laos (Lan Xang & etc.) !Indochinese Union !Vietnam (Nguyen) !China (Qing) !Korea (Joseon) !Japan (Tokugawa) |- !4 Unit |'''Tamlung''' '''(55g~ silver)''' | | |Half-Sovereign (10s) (54g~ silver) | |Taal (60g~silver) |Lat (60g~ silver) | | | | |Kanmon (56g~ silver) |- !2 1/2 Unit |'''Paddung''' '''(35g~ silver)''' | | | | | colspan="3" |[https://en.numista.com/49612 Tael] (34g~ silver) |Chỉ (10錢/1兩) (37g~ silver) |Tael (10錢/1两) (37g~ silver) |Nyang (100錢/1兩) (37g~ silver) |Ryo (~12朱/1両) (37g~ silver) |- !2 Unit |'''Half-Tamlung''' '''(27g~ silver)''' | | |Crown (5s) (27g~ silver) |US dollar ($1) (24g~ silver) | colspan="3" |Piastre (27g~ silver) |Nguyên (1元) (27g~ silver) |Yuan (1元) (27g~ silver) |Won (1圓) (27g~ silver) |Yen (1圓) (27g~ silver) |- !1 Unit |'''Baht''' '''(14g~ silver)''' |Rupee (12g~ silver) |Kyat (12g~ silver) |Half-Crown (2½s) (13g~ silver) |Half-US dollar ($½) (12g~ silver) |Baat (15g~silver) | | | | | | |- !1/2 Unit |'''Two Salung''' '''(6.9g~ silver)''' |Athanni (6g~ silver) | |Shilling (1s) (5g~ silver) |Quarter (${{frac|1|4}}) (6g~ silver) | | | | | | |Bu (~3朱) (8.5g~ silver) |- !1/4 Unit |'''Salung''' '''(3.4g~ silver)''' |Chawanni (3g~ silver) |Mat (3g~ silver) |Sixpence (6d) (2.5g~ silver) |Dime (10¢) (2.3g~ silver) |Salong | | |Tiền (1錢) (3.7g~ silver) |Mace (1錢) (3.7g~ silver) |Yang ({{frac|1|5}}圓) (3.7g~ silver) |Shu (1朱) (2.6g~ silver) |- !1/8 Unit |'''Fuang''' '''(1.7g~ silver)''' |Duanni (1.5g~ silver) |Mu (1.5g~ silver) |Threepence (3d) (1.3g~ silver) |Nickel (5¢) (1.2g~ silver) |Fuang | | | | | | |- !1/16 Unit |'''Sik''' '''(0.85g~ silver)''' |Anna (0.75g~ silver) |Pe (0.75g~ silver) | | | | | | | | | |- !1/32 Unit |'''Pai / Siao''' '''(0.42g~ silver)''' |Taka (0.38g~ silver) | |Penny (1d) (0.43g~ silver) | |Pe | | | | | | |- !1/40 Unit | | | | | | | | |Phân ({{frac|1|10}}錢) (0.37g~ silver) |Candareen ({{frac|1|10}}錢) (0.37g~ silver) |Jeon (1錢) (0.37g~ silver) | |- !1/64 Unit |'''At''' '''(0.21g~ silver)''' |Pice (0.18g~ silver) |Pya |Halfpenny (½d) (0.21g~ silver) |Penny (1¢) (0.2g~ silver) |At |At (old) | | | | | |- !1/100 Unit |'''Satang''' '''(0.13g~silver)''' |(new) Paisa |(new) Pyas | | |Sen |Cent / At |Cent |(new) Văn ({{Fraction|100}}元) |(new) Fen ({{Fraction|100}}元) |(new) Jeon ({{Fraction|100}}圓) |(new) Sen ({{Fraction|100}}圓) |- !1/128 Unit |'''Solot''' '''(0.11g~silver)''' | | |Farthing ({{frac|1|4}}d) (0.11g~ silver) | | | | | | | | |- !1/256 Unit | |Pie | |Half-Farthing ({{frac|1|8}}d) (0.05g~ silver) | | | | | | | | |- !1/400 Unit |'''Bia''' | | | | | colspan="3" |Sapèque |Văn ({{Fraction|100}}錢) |Cash / Fen ({{Fraction|100}}錢) (0.037g~ silver) |Pun / Mun ({{frac|1|10}}錢) |Mon (~{{Fraction|333}}朱) |- | colspan="13" | * ''*Silver or silver equivalents'' * ''<nowiki>**</nowiki> Weights for the baht is based upon the 1908 weight standard'' |}

== On the topic of demonetization == Unlike many nations that periodically demonetize obsolete currency series to combat counterfeiting or financial crimes, Thailand maintains a policy of '''perpetual legal tender status''' for its paper currency. Under national monetary frameworks, all banknotes officially issued by the government since the central bank's establishment remain legally valid for circulation and exchange at face value. Though this is done through omission as per the ''Currency Act B.E. 2501.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thailand Currency Law |url=https://www.thailawforum.com/database1/currency-act.html |access-date=2026-05-17 |website=www.thailawforum.com}}</ref>

While older paper issues theoretically retain full purchasing power, their modern everyday use is virtually non-existent. This is due to a lack of public familiarity, compatibility limitations with modern automated banking systems, and the fact that their numismatic collector value often vastly exceeds face value. However, any obsolete or heavily worn banknote can still be exchanged for modern equivalents at any commercial bank or directly at the BOT without an expiration date.

=== Precedents for demonetization === There are only one occurrence for demonetization of a series. The first time is when the currecy transferred to the decimal system, eliminating denomination such as at, fuang, and etc. This occurred through a bunch of decrees from 1895 to 1909 when the old currency was phased out.

== Currency symbol == The currency symbol for the baht is <big>{{char|฿}}</big> (a Latin letter B with a vertical stroke). In 1986, this symbol was given a codepoint for computer use in the Thai Industrial Standard 620–2533 (Thailand's extension of ASCII), at position 0xDF. This national standard was subsequently subsumed into international standards as ISO/IEC 8859-11 ("ISO Latin-Thai"). In turn, the ISO 8859 series were transposed into the Unicode standard,<ref>{{cite report |url=https://unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/ISO8859/8859-11.TXT |title=ISO/IEC 8859-11:2001 to Unicode |publisher=Unicode Consortium |date=2015-12-02}}</ref> where the symbol was allocated the codepoint {{unichar|0E3F}}.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Unicode Standard, version 1.0 |chapter=Chapter 3/2 |chapter-url=https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode1.0.0/ch03_2.pdf |page=80 |date=October 1991}}</ref> The symbol is also used for the Panamanian balboa.<ref name="DPD">{{cite book |title=Diccionario panhispánico de dudas |publisher=Real Academia Española y Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española |edition=2.ª (versión provisional) |url=https://www.rae.es/dpd/ayuda/simbolos-o-signos-no-alfabetizables |access-date=16 July 2024 |language=es |chapter=Símbolos o signos no alfabetizables}}</ref>

=== Abbreviation === In Thai usage, the baht ({{lang|th|บาท}}) is legally abbreviated as {{lang|th|บ.}} according to Section 7 of the Currency Act, B.E. 2501.<ref>{{cite web |title=พระราชบัญญัติเงินตรา พ.ศ. 2501 (ฉบับประมวล) |url=https://www.bot.or.th/content/dam/bot/documents/th/laws-and-rules/laws-and-regulations/legal-department/2-currency-act/2-1-currency-act/2-1-1-Law-TH-CurrencyUpdated-2545.pdf |website=Bank of Thailand |access-date=6 June 2024 |language=th |date=2002}}</ref>

=== Bitcoin === For a time, the baht symbol was appropriated by some as a symbol for Bitcoin, a cryptocurrency. Following representations,<ref>{{cite web |title=Proposal for addition of bitcoin sign |first=Ken |last=Shirriff |date=October 2, 2015 |publisher=Unicode Consortium |url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2015/15229-bitcoin-sign.pdf}}</ref> a separate code point ({{unichar|20BF}}, a Latin letter B with two vertical strokes) was allocated in Unicode version 10.0.<ref name="unicode-10">{{cite web |date=20 June 2017 |title=Unicode 10.0.0 |url=https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode10.0.0/ |access-date=20 June 2017 |publisher=Unicode Consortium}}</ref>

=== Square katakana === {{contains special characters|section}}

In Unicode 1.0, two codepoints were allocated to the baht, one as the currency symbol in the Thai range and one in the CJK Compatibility block as a square version of the Japanese word for "baht", written in katakana script.<ref name="Lunde" /> The CJK codepoint, {{unichar|332C}}, is documented in subsequent versions of the standard as "a mistaken, unused representation" and users are directed to {{unichar|0E3F}} instead.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Unicode Standard, Version 15.1 |chapter=CJK compatibility 3300{{ndash}}33FF |chapter-url=https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U3300.pdf |page=3327{{ndash}}334C}}</ref> Consequently, only a few computer fonts have any content for this codepoint and its use is deprecated.<ref name="Lunde">{{cite web |title=CJK Type {{!}} CJK Fonts, Character Sets & Encodings. All CJK. All of the time. |first=Ken |last=Lunde |date= March 26, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160629215711/http://blogs.adobe.com/CCJKType/2016/03/bahts-is-parts.html |archive-date=29 June 2016 |url=https://blogs.adobe.com/CCJKType/2016/03/bahts-is-parts.html |url-status=dead |publisher=Adobe Inc.}}</ref>

(The Japanese for "baht" is {{lang|ja|{{big|'''バ'''}}ーツ}} ({{Transliteration|ja|'''bā'''tsu}}). However, the reference glyph {{angbr|㌬}} and the character name correspond to {{lang|ja|{{big|'''パ'''}}ーツ}} ({{Transliteration|ja|'''pā'''tsu}}, from English "parts").<ref name="Lunde" />)

=== Historical symbols used before decimalisation === Before decimalisation, the Siamese government employed Chinese, Latin, Jawi (Malay), Devanagari, Khmer and Khom, Lanna, and Burmese scripts in banknotes and coins, as seen. The reason is not clear, though it is a common understanding that it is to ease the facilicitation of trade within Siam. It could also be the case that at the time, the capital, Bangkok (Phra Nakhon) was still a multi-cultural city, so as to be more inclusive, the government added various other language onto the currency – though by the second series after the decimalisation in the 1900s, the currency was all but monolingual.

{{lang-zh|c=圓|p=yuán|labels=no}} ({{lang|th|บาท}}): This character was use during the times of Rama IV to represent baht, though this was phased out by another character which is in partially and informally used today. The only occurrence of this character was in Rama IV's banknote series.

{{lang-zh|t=銖|s=铢|p=zhū|labels=no|first=t}} ({{lang|th|บาท}}): This character was in use from 1868 to 1925 officially on banknotes to represent baht. It is still in use today unofficially to refer to the Thai baht in general, as in {{lang|zh|泰銖}} or {{lang|zh|泰铢}}.

{{lang-zh|t=錢|s=銭|p=qián|labels=no|first=t}} ({{lang|th|สลึง}}): This character was in use from 1851 to 1908 officially on banknotes and coins to represent salueng.

{{lang-zh|c=方|p=fāng|labels=no}} ({{lang|th|เฟื้อง}}): This character was in use from 1851 to 1908 officially on banknotes and coins to represent fueang.

The notation for these Chinese character are written like they are in Thai, though there is a caveat: it is written right to left, as was the convention back then, so one baht is written {{lang|zh|圓壹}} or {{lang|zh|銖壹}}, if there are smaller units involved the notation can write like such: {{lang|zh|方銭參圓壹}} for one baht, three salueng, and one fueang.

== Coins == === Summary === '''History''' {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align: center" ! colspan="13" |<big>Podduang Coinage</big> |- !Series/Value !1/800 Fueang (1 Bia) !1/8 Fueang (1 At) !1/4 Fueang (1 Siao) !1/2 Fueang (1 Sik) !1 Fueang (1 Fueang) !1/4 Ticals (1 Salueng) !1/2 Ticals (2 Salueng) !1 Tical (1 Baht) !2 Ticals (2 Baht) !4 Ticals (1 Tamlueng) !8 Ticals (2 Tamlueng) ! rowspan="2" |'''''goes up to''''' '''''80 ticals'''''

frameless|100x100px |frameless|100x100px |- !Issue 3 (1869) ''6 years'' |frameless|100x100px ! ! ! |frameless|100x100px |frameless|100x100px ! |frameless|100x100px ! ! ! ! |- !Issue 4 (1875) ''13 years'' |frameless|100x100px |frameless|100x100px |frameless|100x100px |frameless|100x100px |frameless|100x100px |frameless|100x100px ! |frameless|100x100px |frameless|100x100px ! ! ! |- !Issue 5 (1888–1908) ''20 years'' |frameless|100x100px |frameless|100x100px |frameless|100x100px ! |frameless|100x100px |frameless|100x100px ! |frameless|100x100px ! ! ! ! |- ! colspan="13" |<big>Decimal Coins [ 1 baht = 100 satang ]</big> |- !Series/Value !0.5 Satang !1 Satang !2.5 Satang !5 Satang !10 Satang !20 Satang !25 Satang !50 Satang !1 Baht !2 Baht !5 Baht !10 Baht |- !Issue 6 (1897) ''11 years'' ! ! |frameless|100x100px |frameless|100x100px |frameless|100x100px |frameless|100x100px ! |frameless|100x100px ! ! ! ! |- !Issue 7 (1908, 1939) '''''Rama V*'''''

{{time interval|1987|{{#time:Y-m-d}}|abbr=off}} ! |center|frameless|100x100px ! |center|frameless|100x100px |center|frameless|100x100px ! |center|frameless|100x100pxcenter|frameless|100x100px |center|frameless|100x100pxcenter|frameless|100x100px |center|frameless|100x100px |center|frameless|100x100pxcenter|frameless|100x100px |center|frameless|100x100pxcenter|frameless|100x100px |center|frameless|100x100px |- !Issue 17 (2018) {{time interval|2018|{{#time:Y-m-d}}|abbr=off}} ! | ! | | ! | | |frameless|76x76px |frameless|83x83px |frameless|92x92px |frameless|100x100px |} ''*actual year produced vs year in active use''

==== Events ==== thumb|475x475px * '''[Adoption of bimetallic standard] 1238''' – The baht was adopted as the national currency in the forms of Podduang. The currency used the bi-metallic standard at 1:16 gold to silver ratio. * '''1500''' – Modern pre-decimal denominations of the baht were fully in use, mainly: 1 att, 2 att, 4 att, 1 fuang, 2 fuang, 4 fuang, and 1 baht. * '''1835''' – Government moved toward the adoption of flat coins * '''1852''' – The first circulating banknotes were introduced * '''1862''' – The first circulating flat coins were introduced * '''1869''' – Adoption of 0.900 fineness standard for silver coins, prior to this, the mint used the "best silver available". * '''[Adoption of silver standard] 1875''' – The production of all coins above the 1 baht value and all gold coins was halted * '''1897''' – Government started the process of decimalisation, the introduction of 2.5 satang, 5 satang, 10 satang, and 20 satang coins. These coins co-circulated with the pre-decimal coins * '''1904''' – Demonetisation of the Podduang, * '''[Adoption of gold standard] 1908''' – Introduction of the 1 satang, 25 satang, abd 50 satang coins. The production of the 2.5-satang coins was halted. 1 baht coin is now 15g, and made of 13.7g silver at 0.900 purity. * '''[Decimalisation] 1910''' – Government finished the process of decimalisation, all non-decimal currency, including banknotes and coins, were demonetised. The new series of coins; consisting of 1 satang, 5 satang, 10 satang, 25 satang, 50 satang, and 1 baht coin; was introduced. * '''[Silver crisis] 1915''' – Debasement of silver standard to 0.800 fineness, worldwide silver price crisis starting a global trend towards fiat currency. * '''1916''' – Debasement of silver standard to 0.650 fineness * '''1918''' – Removal of 1 baht from circulation, silver became too expensive to use in coins - doubling in value. * '''1919''' – Debasement of silver standard to 0.500 fineness * '''1920''' – Re-establishment of silver standard to 0.650 fineness, coinciding with the lowering of silver price * '''1945''' – De facto move towards fiat currency and the abandonment of the silver standard due to coins no longer being made from silver. * '''1946''' – Removal of 20 satang from circulation * '''1950''' – Removal of 1 satang from circulation * '''1957''' – Debasement of silver standard to 0.030 fineness, re-introduction of the 1 silver baht coin * '''[Debasement] 1962''' – Adoption of the fiat currency, and the abandonment of the silver standard. Due to this, the production of the last silver coin (1 baht) was halted. * '''1972''' – Introduction of 5 baht coin. * '''1977''' – Removal of 5 satang and 10 satang from circulation. * '''1987''' – Introduction of 10 baht coin * '''2005''' – Re-introduction of 2 baht coin

=== Mint involved in producing Siamese and Thai coins === {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Mints<ref>Standard circulation coins from Thailand – Numista. Numista.com. Published 2025. Accessed January 3, 2025. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/index.php?e=thailande&r=&st=1&cat=y&im1=&im2=&ru=&ie=&ca=3&no=&v=&a=&dg=&i=&b=&m=&f=&t=&t2=&w=&mt=&u=&g=&se=&c=&wi=&sw=

‌</ref> !Name of the production facility !Alternative names !Start !End |- |Royal Thai Mint |'''สำนักกษาปณ์ ''' |1860 |''present'' |- |China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation |'''中国印钞造币总公司''' |2017 |2017 |- |Korea Minting and Security Printing Corporation |'''한국조폐공사''' |2017 |''present'' |- |South African Mint | |2016 |''present'' |- |Mint of Bavaria |'''Bayerisches Münzkontor''' |2011 |2016 |- |Mint of Finland |'''Suomen Rahapaja''' |1986 |2017 |- |Mint of Poland |'''Mennica Polska''' |2015 |2016 |- |Mint of Paris |'''Monnaie de Paris''' |1908 2017 |1925 2017 |- |Royal Canadian Mint |'''Monnaie Royale Canadienne''' |1986 |2007 |- |State Mint and Polygraphic Institute (Italian Mint) |'''Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato''' |1989 |1989 |- |Mint of Japan |'''独立行政法人造幣局''' |1926 |1937 |- |Heaton and Sons (Birmingham Mint Limited) | |1875 |1921 |- |Royal Mint of Belgium |'''La Monnaie Royale de Belgique/''' '''Koninklijke Munt van België''' |1908 |1935 |- |United States Mint of Philadelphia | |1919 |1919 |- |Mint of Hamburg |'''Hamburgische Münze''' |1887 |1905 |}

==== Mint history timeline ==== <timeline> ImageSize = width:1500 height:auto barincrement:25 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:30 right:130 left:20

AlignBars = justify

DateFormat = yyyy Period = from:1800 till:2026 Define $now = 2026 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal

ScaleMajor = gridcolor:grey1 unit:year increment:25 start:1800 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:grey2 unit:year increment:5 start:1800

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=== ''Photduang'' coinage === [[File:Tailandia.jpg|thumb|Example of the Spanish dollar which was marked with the Siamese government's emblem – marking that it is legal tender]] Cowrie shells from the Mekong River had been used as currency for small amounts since the Sukhothai period. Before 1860, Thailand did not produce coins using modern methods. Instead, a so-called "bullet" coinage was used, consisting of bars of metal, thicker in the middle, bent round to form a complete circle on which identifying marks were stamped.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.matichon.co.th/mtc-flv-window.php?newsid=1323259839 |script-title=th:อันซีน "พิพิธภัณฑ์มีชีวิต ธนบัตรมีเรื่องราว" แห่งเดียวในประเทศไทย [Unseen living museum - Banknotes have stories from the unique museum in Thailand]|language=th |work=Matichon |access-date=8 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222112321/http://www.matichon.co.th/mtc-flv-window.php?newsid=1323259839 |archive-date=2015-12-22 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=เบี้ย บาท กษาปณ์แบงค์ [Cowrie, Baht, Coins, and Bank] โดย นวรัตน์ เลขะกุล|first=Nawarat |last=Lekhakum|publisher= สำนักพิมพ์สารคดี [Sarakhadee Press]|language=th |date=2009}}</ref> Denominations issued included {{frac|128}}, {{frac|64}}, {{frac|32}}, {{frac|16}}, {{frac|8}}, {{frac|2}}, 1, {{frac|1|1|2}}, 2, {{frac|2|1|2}}, 4, {{frac|4|1|2}}, 8, 10, 20, 40 and 80 baht in silver and {{frac|32}}, {{frac|16}}, {{frac|8}}, {{frac|2}}, 1, {{frac|1|1|2}}, 2 and 4 baht in gold. One gold baht was generally worth 16 silver baht. Between 1858 and 1860, foreign trade coins were also stamped by the government for use in Thailand.

==== Sukhothai and Ayutthaya ''photduang'' ==== ''Photduang'', a form of currency used during the Sukhothai period, was characterised by its longer legs, which created a larger and wider hole in the middle. These coins were primarily made of silver and featured a cut across the front of each leg. This cut served a dual purpose: it authenticated the money and allowed for the quality of the silver to be tested. Over time, as the Sukhothai Kingdom declined and became a vassal state of Ayutthaya—which was established as the capital in 1350—the design of ''photduang'' evolved. The coins became rounder with shorter legs, and the central hole, while still present, grew smaller. By the end of this era, the hole disappeared completely. The cuts on the legs also reduced in size and were eventually replaced by a small elliptical nick, known as "Met Kao San," on one side of the coin.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=Watanalumleard |first=S. |title=The Story of Photduang |url=http://coinmuseum.treasury.go.th/en/news_view.php?nid=118 |access-date=August 7, 2024 |website=coinmuseum}}</ref>

==== Thonburi and Rattanakosin ''photduang'' ==== The Thonburi period (1767–1782) and the Rattanakosin period, beginning in 1782, adopted the ''photduang'' design from the late Ayutthaya period. The coins from these periods had no central hole, and the legs were even shorter. A key difference was that thumb|453x453px|Siam at the time of podduang issue 4 (1805) Thonburi ''photduang'' lacked the elliptical nick, whereas the Rattanakosin coins reintroduced this feature, similar to the Ayutthaya coins. ''Photduang'' from these later periods typically featured two stamped marks: the dynasty mark on top and the king's personal mark on the front part. The dynasty mark often symbolised the kingdom's ruling dynasty, while the king's personal mark represented the reigning monarch.<ref name=":02" />

==== Markings on the ''photduang'' ==== The markings on ''photduang'' coins varied across different periods. During the Sukhothai era, some coins bore no marks, while others had up to 11. This variation was because, at that time, individuals and merchants could produce their own money. However, from the Ayutthaya period onward, the production of ''photduang'' was monopolised by the government, making it easier to identify coins from each era. Ayutthaya ''photduang'' typically bore two marks: the dynasty mark, which could be a spoked wheel symbolising the "Wheel of Law" from Buddhist teachings or the Chakra (Vishnu's weapon), represented by a pattern of 8 dots surrounding a central dot. The king's personal mark varied with each ruler and included symbols such as a conch shell, a Garuda bird (''khrut''), an elephant, and an anchor, each symbolising different aspects of the king's reign or divine associations.<ref name=":02" />

==== ''Photduang'' timeline ==== <timeline> ImageSize = width:1500 height:auto barincrement:25 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:30 right:130 left:20

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from:1251 till:1400 color:o text:"Sukhothai Issue 1" from:1351 till:1767 color:o text:"Ayutthaya Issue 2" from:1767 till:1782 color:o text:"Thonburi Issue 3" from:1782 till:1809 color:o text:"Rattanakosin Issue 4 (Rama I)" from:1809 till:1824 color:o text:"Rattanakosin Issue 5 (Rama II)" from:1824 till:1851 color:o text:"Rattanakosin Issue 6 (Rama III)" from:1851 till:1870 color:o text:"Rattanakosin Issue 7 (Rama IV)"

from:1856 till:1862 color:p text:"vvv Flat coin issues vvv" from:1856 till:1862 color:p text:"Issue 1 (Rama IV, transitional)" from:1860 till:1870 color:r text:"Issue 2 (Rama IV)" from:1869 till:1870 color:r text:"Issue 3 (Rama IV)"

barset:skip </timeline><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wattanalumleard |first=S. |title=The Story of Photduang |url=http://coinmuseum.treasury.go.th/en/news_view.php?nid=118 |access-date=August 7, 2024 |website=coinmuseum}}</ref> ''*continues in the coin section*''

====List==== {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100% style=" text-align: center" ! colspan="10" |''Photduang'' of the Thai tical (Rama III & Rama IV)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |work=The Treasury Department |date=January 3, 2020 |title=ราคาประเมินมูลค่าเงินตราโบราณ |url=https://www.treasury.go.th/th/coin-valuation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608122100/https://www.treasury.go.th/th/coin-valuation/ |archive-date=June 8, 2023 |access-date=September 4, 2023 }}</ref> |- ! rowspan="2" |Image ! colspan="2" |Names ! colspan="2" |Value ! rowspan="2" |Width (mm) ! rowspan="2" |Weight (g) ! rowspan="2" |Composition ! rowspan="2" |Inscription, description ! rowspan="2" |Dates of issue |- !Primary !Secondary !in silver baht !in gold baht |- |frameless|150x150px |colspan="2" |Bia '''เบี้ย''' |{{Frac|1|6400}} |{{Frac|1|102400}} |25 |1.58 |Calcium carbonate |None |1238–1869 |- |frameless|150x150px |Half Phai '''กึ่งไพ''' |At '''อัฐ''' |1/64 |1/1024 |2 |0.25 | rowspan="7" |Silver |State ensign of Rattanakosin |1824–1851 |- |frameless|150x150px |colspan="2" |Phai '''ไพ''' |1/32 |1/512 |4 |0.5 | rowspan="6" |State ensign of Rattanakosin Castle | rowspan="6" |1824–1856 |- |frameless|150x150px |2 Phai '''สองไพ''' |Half Fueang '''กึ่งเฟื้อง''' |1/16 |1/256 |6 |1 |- |frameless|150x150px |colspan="2" |Fueang '''เฟื้อง''' |1/8 |1/128 |6.5 |1.98 |- |frameless|150x150px | colspan="2" |Salueng '''สลึง''' |1/4 |1/64 |9 |3.7 |- |frameless|150x150px |2 Salueng '''สองสลึง''' |Half Baht '''กึ่งบาท''' |1/2 |1/32 |11 |7.6 |- |frameless|150x150px |colspan="2" |Baht '''บาท''' | rowspan="2" |1 | rowspan="2" |1/16 |14.5 |15.14 |- |frameless|150x150px |Gold 2 Phai '''สองไพทอง''' |Gold Half Fueang '''กึ่งเฟื้องทอง''' |5 |1 |Gold |State ensign of Rattanakosin Phra Maha Mongkut seal |1851–1856 |- |frameless|150x150px |2 Baht '''สองบาท''' |Half Tamlueng '''กึ่งตำลึง''' | rowspan="2" |2 | rowspan="2" |1/8 |17.5 |30.30 |Silver |State ensign of Rattanakosin Castle |1824–1856 |- |frameless|150x150px |colspan="2" |Gold Fueang '''เฟื้องทอง''' |6 |1.5 |Gold |State ensign of Rattanakosin Phra Maha Mongkut seal |1851–1856 |- |frameless|150x150px |4 Baht '''สี่บาท''' |Tamlueng '''ตำลึง''' | rowspan="2" |4 | rowspan="2" |1/4 |23.5 |60.50 |Silver |State ensign of Rattanakosin Castle |1824–1856 |- |frameless|150x150px |colspan="2" |Gold Salueng '''สลึงทอง''' |8 |3.7 | rowspan="4" |Gold | rowspan="6" |State ensign of Rattanakosin Phra Maha Mongkut seal | rowspan="4" |1851–1856 |- |frameless|150x150px |Gold 2 Salueng '''สองสลึงทอง''' |Gold Half Baht '''กึ่งบาททอง''' |8 |1/2 |9.5 |7.56 |- |frameless|150x150px |colspan="2" |Gold Baht '''บาททอง''' |16 |1 |12 |15.14 |- |frameless|150x150px |Gold 2 Baht '''สองบาททอง''' |Gold Half Tamlueng '''กึ่งตำลึงทอง''' |32 |2 |16 |30.01 |- |frameless|150x150px |40 Baht '''สี่สิบบาท''' |Half Chang '''กึ่งชั่ง''' |40 |2.5 |48 |606.5 | rowspan="2" |Silver |1860 |- |frameless|150x150px |80 Baht '''แปดสิบบาท''' |Chang '''ชั่ง''' |80 |5 |59 |1216 |1859 |}

=== Predecimal coinage === Rama III (1824–1851) was the first king to consider the use of a flat coin. He did so not for the convenience of traders, but because he was disturbed that the creatures living in the cowrie shells were killed. When he learned of the use of flat copper coins in Singapore in 1835, he contacted a Scottish trader, who had two types of experimental coins struck in England. The king rejected both designs. The name of the country put on these first coins was ''Muang Thai'', not ''Siam''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://phila09-04.eurseree.com/cgi-bin/info/agora.cgi?cart_id=5286534.107769*KJ66o8&p_id=1196&xm=on&ppinc=search2|title=1835 Rama III unadopted design copper coin "Lotus - MuangThai"|access-date=2015-10-20|archive-date=2015-12-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222110629/http://phila09-04.eurseree.com/cgi-bin/info/agora.cgi?cart_id=5286534.107769*KJ66o8&p_id=1196&xm=on&ppinc=search2|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.royalthaimint.net/ewtadmin/ewt/mint_web/ewt_news.php?nid=46&filename=index|script-title=th:เงินตรา|website=Royal Thai Mint|language=th|access-date=20 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304103729/http://www.royalthaimint.net/ewtadmin/ewt/mint_web/ewt_news.php?nid=46&filename=index|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 1860, modern-style coins were introduced. These were silver 1 ''sik''; 1 ''fueang''; 1 and 2 ''salueng''; 1, 2, and 4 baht; with the baht weighing 15.244 grams and the others weight-related. Tin 1 ''solot'' and 1 ''at'' followed in 1862, with gold {{frac|2|1|2}}, 4, and 8 baht introduced in 1863 and copper 2 and 4 ''at'' in 1865. Copper replaced tin in the 1 ''solot'' and 1 ''at'' in 1874, with copper 4 at introduced in 1876. The last gold coins were struck in 1895. thumb|453x453px|Siam at the time of coin issue 1, 2, 3, and 4 (1856–1875)

==== Coin timeline ==== <timeline> ImageSize = width:1600 height:auto barincrement:15 PlotArea = top:3 bottom:30 right:80 left:20 AlignBars = justify

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==== Beginning the production of flatcoins ==== While the Thai diplomatic mission led by Phraya Montri Suriyawong was in England in 1857, King Mongkut sent a letter requesting assistance in acquiring coin-minting machinery. In the letter dated November 2, 1857, he wrote:<blockquote>"...I have obtained the tools to mint coins in the style of Thai coins as I have given to Chao Muen Sanphet Phakdi (Peng Penkul), the deputy envoy. Please take care of this matter and discuss it with Lord Clarendon (British Foreign Minister) so that he may help in devising a plan. This will help develop the country, as these are Thai-style coins that the people will trust and use like the Thai baht."</blockquote>The King explained his intention to mint coins in denominations of one baht, half-baht, salung, and fuang, emphasizing that they should be attractive, trustworthy, and easy to produce in large quantities. He also noted concern about neighboring rulers already issuing modern coins in their own realms.

The Siamese delegation visited the factory of Joseph Taylor in Birmingham on December 10, 1857, and ordered minting machinery worth about 3,000 pounds, including engraved dies and the services of two engineers.

The machinery arrived in Bangkok in late 1858 together with its foreman, Samuel Sanders, who died shortly after arriving. Two English engineers, Charles Wigley and Barringer, continued the installation. Wigley later died in 1868 after falling from his houseboat on the Chao Phraya River, while Barringer died of dysentery in 1869. Mod Amatyakul eventually oversaw the continuation of the project.

The minting machinery became operational in 1860 at the new mint near the Grand Palace, called the "Royal Mint of Sitthikan." An official proclamation described the new silver coins:<blockquote>"...Therefore, His Majesty has conceived the idea of establishing a new mint for silver coins and the coins by setting the price of Thai coins at one baht as the base, and denominate the silver coins into of two salung, one salung and etc"</blockquote>These coins featured the Great Victory Crown, royal umbrellas, wheel designs, and elephant emblems. Different denominations were identified by star patterns representing gears. Gold coins were also minted. The machine-struck silver and gold coins circulated from 1860 until the original machinery broke down in 1870.

To expand production, a second mint was built near the original site and completed in 1875. New machinery from England arrived in 1876, and King Chulalongkorn officially opened the mint on May 31, 1876. The proclamation stated:<blockquote>"...As His Majesty King Mongkut graciously ordered the establishment of machinery to mint baht, salung, and fuang coins to replace the previous reign's bullet money, this new mint shall continue to be used until the present reign."</blockquote>The new coins carried a portrait of King Chulalongkorn on one side and the Siamese national emblem on the other. The proclamation further declared:<blockquote>"These three types of money are to be used by the people normally, and the emblem bearing the image of the King should not be considered sacred or low-status. It may be placed in a basket or container. No one is allowed to misrepresent it or misuse it. Anyone who arrests the people and causes them distress will be punished according to the law..."</blockquote>In 1901, Siam built a third mint on Chao Fa Road equipped with electrically powered machinery capable of producing 80,000–100,000 baht worth of coins per day. The mint continued producing coins bearing the portrait of Rama V and the national coat of arms until 1972, when operations moved to the modern Royal Thai Mint on Pradiphat Road in Bangkok.

Modern coinage laws followed the expansion of machine minting. The Currency Act of 1902 and the Gold Standard Act of 1908 formally regulated Siamese currency. The Act defined:<blockquote>"Mint" means the government mint in Bangkok.</blockquote><blockquote>"Mint coin" means a metal block minted by any government for use as currency.</blockquote><blockquote>"Small coins" means mint coins with a value less than 1 baht, and one baht coin shall be divided into 100 satang.</blockquote>Older feung, att, and sot coins were gradually withdrawn and replaced with satang-denominated currency. The Thai term "กระษาปณ์" (krasaap), meaning currency or coinage, first appeared in early mint regulations. It derives from an ancient Indian copper currency term and is today officially written as "กษาปณ์".<ref name=":4">"เหรียญกษาปณ์ กรุงรัตนโกสินทร์ พ.ศ.2325-2525". 2525, ''PRT'', <nowiki>https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14156/462345</nowiki>.</ref>

==== Issue 0 – 1835 - Muang Thai Series (trial series) ==== During the reign of King Rama III (1824–1851), an initiative was made to introduce Thailand's first flat coinage, intended to replace the widely used cowrie shells. To aid in this modernisation of the monetary system, the king employed Robert Hunter, a Scottish merchant, to produce pattern coins.<ref>Elephant-Mueang Thai - Rama III, Thailand. Numista.com. Published 2025. Accessed May 9, 2025. <nowiki>https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces174244.html</nowiki></ref>

King Rama III had the idea to produce copper cowrie shells to replace cowrie shells, which were live animals. He ordered Phraya Phra Khlang (Dis) to design and make a sample for his inspection. Phraya Phra Khlang (Dis) contacted Mr. Robert Hunter, a Scottish merchant who had a trading post in Bangkok, to order a sample. Upon receiving it, it was presented to the King for inspection, but he did not approve of it. Therefore, no copper cowrie shells were produced during the reign of Rama III.<ref name=":4" />

The proposed designs featured an elephant motif, which bore resemblance to the coinage of Lanka (modern-day Sri Lanka). Concerned about the symbolic inappropriateness of the elephant, which could imply foreign influence or association, King Rama III ultimately rejected all of the submitted patterns. As a result, none of the proposed coins were officially adopted or denominated.

These pattern coins, though never circulated, represent an early attempt at modernisation of Siamese currency prior to the eventual adoption of machine-struck coinage in the reign of King Rama IV. {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align: center" |+ ! colspan="11" |<big>Table for Issue 0 - 1835 - Muang Thai Series</big> |- ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:15%" colspan="2" |Image ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" rowspan="2" |Denomination ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Weight ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Dimensions ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" rowspan="2" |Mintages ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" rowspan="2" |Compositions ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:30%" colspan="2" |Inscriptions ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:8%" rowspan="2" |Date of Issue !style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:10%" rowspan="2" |Designer / Sculptor |- ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Obverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82"| Reverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Obverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Reverse |- |center|frameless|150x150px |center|frameless|150x150px |'''non-denomionated''' |4.3g |23mm |500 |'''Copper''' |'''Elephant Seal''' ----๑๑๙๗ (CS. 1197) |'''A set of stars''' ----เมืองไทย (Land of the Thais) | rowspan="4" |1835 | rowspan="4" | '''Phraya Phra Khlang (Dis)''' สมเด็จเจ้าพระยาบรมมหาประยูรวงศ์ |- |center|frameless|150x150px |center|frameless|150x150px |'''non-denomionated''' |4.30g |23mm |500 |'''Copper''' |'''Lotus Seal''' ----๑๑๙๗ (CS. 1197) |'''A set of stars''' ----เมืองไทย (Land of the Thais) |- |center|frameless|150x150px |center|frameless|150x150px |'''non-denomionated''' |4.30g |23mm |500 |'''Silver''' |'''Elephant Seal''' ----๑๑๙๗ (CS. 1197) |'''A set of stars''' ----เมืองไทย (Land of the Thais) |- |center|frameless|150x150px |center|frameless|150x150px |'''non-denomionated''' |4.30g |23mm |500 |'''Silver''' |'''Lotus Seal''' ----๑๑๙๗ (CS. 1197) |'''A set of stars''' ----เมืองไทย (Land of the Thais) |}

==== Issue 1 – 1856 (transitional) - Mongkut Regalia - Krungthep Series ==== The first issue of coins were commissioned by Rama IV, though it was never brought into circulation. This was one of the first attempt to replace the bullet coins, but few were ever minted without making it into circulation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1 Fueang - Rama IV, Thailand |url=https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces176191.html |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=en.numista.com |language=en}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align: center" ! colspan="11" |<big>Table for Issue 1.1 - 1835 - Mongkut Regalia Series</big> |- ! colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:15%" |Image ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Denomination ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Weight ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Dimensions ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Mintages ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Compositions ! colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:30%" |Inscriptions ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:8%" |Date of Issue ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:10%" |Designer / Sculptor |- ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Obverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" | Reverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Obverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Reverse |- | rowspan="3" |frameless|150x150px | rowspan="3" |frameless|150x150px |Half-Fueang '''กึ่งเฟื้อง''' |1.00g |12.5mm | rowspan="3" |Unknown |'''Gold''' |'''Chakra Seal''' ----'''Great Crown of Victory Seal''' ----'''Sacred Water Vessel Seal''' |none | rowspan="3" |1856 | rowspan="3" |'''Unknown''' |- |Salueng '''สลึง''' |3.70g |16.0mm |'''Silver''' |'''Chakra Seal''' ----'''Great Crown of Victory Seal''' ----'''Sacred Water Vessel Seal''' |none |- |Fueang '''เฟื้อง''' |1.85g |12.5mm |'''Silver''' |'''Chakra Seal''' ----'''Great Crown of Victory Seal''' ----'''Sacred Water Vessel Seal''' |none |} {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align: center" ! colspan="11" |<big>Table for Issue 1.2 - 1835 - Krung Thep Series</big> |- ! colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:15%" |Image ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Denomination ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Weight ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Dimensions ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Mintages ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Compositions ! colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:30%" |Inscriptions ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:8%" |Date of Issue ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:10%" |Designer / Sculptor |- ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Obverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" | Reverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Obverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Reverse |- | rowspan="4" |frameless|150x150px | rowspan="4" |frameless|150x150px |Salueng '''สลึง''' |3.80g |20.0mm | rowspan="4" |Unknown |'''Gold''' |'''Great Crown of Victory Seal''' |'''กรุงเทพ (ฺBangkok)''' | rowspan="4" |1856 | rowspan="4" |'''Unknown''' |- |Fueang '''เฟื้อง''' |1.80g |15.0mm |'''Gold''' |'''Great Crown of Victory Seal''' |'''กรุงเทพ (ฺBangkok)''' |- |Salueng '''สลึง''' |3.80g |20.0mm |'''Silver''' |'''Great Crown of Victory Seal''' |'''กรุงเทพ (ฺBangkok)''' |- |Fueang '''เฟื้อง''' |1.80g |15.0mm |'''Silver''' |'''Great Crown of Victory Seal''' |'''กรุงเทพ (ฺBangkok)''' |}

==== Issue 2, 3 – 1860, 1869 – Tributary Series & Great Chula Seal Series ==== This series in thai is called: เหรียญบรรณาการ (Rian Bannakan) which means tributary coins or coin gifts. As this series of coins was produced using manually operated machinery that had been presented as a royal gift by Queen Victoria of England. Due to the limited production capacity of these machines, the coins could not be minted in sufficient quantities to meet the country's demand. Consequently, their use was discontinued. This coincided with the arrival of steam-powered machinery, which allowed for more efficient and larger-scale coin production.<ref>เหรียญเงินตราพระมหามงกุฏ-พระแสงจักร (บรรณาการ) | กรมธนารักษ์. กรมธนารักษ์ : The Treasury Department. Published 2024. Accessed December 20, 2024. <nowiki>https://www.treasury.go.th/th/coin-king4-tribute/‌</nowiki></ref> It is worth noting that coins of the half-fuang denomination were not mentioned in official announcements.<ref>เหรียญเงินตราพระมหามงกุฎ - พระแสงจักร | กรมธนารักษ์. กรมธนารักษ์ : The Treasury Department. Published 2024. Accessed December 20, 2024. <nowiki>https://www.treasury.go.th/th/coin-k4-1/‌</nowiki></ref>

Though the silver coins within issue 2 has three production date: 1857, 1860, and 1863 in which they differ slightly in design, they are nevertheless counted as a single issue.<ref name=":1">''เหรียญกษาปณ์ไทย'' (1st ed., Vol. 1). (2019). บริษัทอมรินทร์ บุ๊ค เซ็นเตอร์ จำกัด.</ref> 1857 issue was the original sets which were given by Queen Victoria.

The first circulating issue of the Siamese coins. This marked the start of the move away from using ''photduang'' currency. Though in this era, the ''photduang'' were still legal tender. In this series, the lower denominations were made of silver, and the higher ones were made of gold. These higher denominations were given nicknames: ''pot dueng'', ''pit'', and ''tot''. ''Pot dueng'' means thirty two, as in 1/32 of a ''chang''. The other nickname was the ''chinkang'' or one Chinese ''tamlueng''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2½ Baht |url=https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces24271.html |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=en.numista.com |language=en}}</ref> The pit means twenty, as in 1/20 of a chang, the other name is ekkang, or one thai tamlueng.<ref>{{Cite web |title=4 Baht |url=https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces135454.html |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=en.numista.com |language=en}}</ref> The ''tot'' means ten, as in 1/10 of a ''chang''. The coin was also called ''thukkang'', which means two ''tamlueng''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=8 Baht |url=https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces24453.html |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=en.numista.com |language=en}}</ref> In the lower denominations materials such as tin, copper and brass are used, since these are quite low value.

In 1857, a series of trial coins were produced. But due to the broken and rusted die pieces along with the rusted minting press, the coins of this trial series were not to the satisfaction of Rama IV, hence testing continued. The flawed coins of this series is noted to have an inconsistent and rough "sand-like" texture. In 1857–1860 small amounts of trial circulation coins were produced to circulate within the palace walls, so that the noblemen could give feedback and test the new system.<ref name=":1" />

According to the Thai Treasury, regarding the gold coins, they were minted during a period when large amounts of gold were entering Thailand. Inspired by the widespread use of gold coins in other countries, such as the gold coins of England, King Mongkut (Rama IV) ordered the production of gold coins for domestic use. These coins, with their higher value, facilitated trade as the silver coins in circulation at the time were of lower value. They were officially issued on October 29, 1863, and were withdrawn from use in 1908.<ref>เหรียญทองคำทศ พิศ พัดดึงส์ | กรมธนารักษ์. กรมธนารักษ์ : The Treasury Department. Published 2024. Accessed December 20, 2024. <nowiki>https://www.treasury.go.th/th/coin-king4-gold/</nowiki>‌</ref>

In 1863, following reports of an increase in gold reserves, Rama IV ordered the production of gold coins to supplement the existing silver series. Although intended for general circulation, the coins were unfamiliar to the public and consequently, many coins were converted into jewellery. Fully intact specimens without holes are considered rare today.<ref name=":1" />

In 1866, these thin copper coins, in sik (half-fuang) and siao (quarter-fuang) denominations, were produced to replace their thicker counterparts, which were heavier and had the same value. The decision to issue lighter, thinner coins was made after an incident where King Mongkut (Rama IV) distributed the thicker coins during a charitable event, and recipients were injured with head wounds and bruises. His Majesty considered that the copper coins already bore stamped marks and inscriptions (indicating that 2 coins equalled 1 fuang and 4 coins equalled 1 fuang), making them trustworthy. Therefore, thinner and lighter coins would still serve their purpose effectively without causing harm.<ref>เหรียญทองแดงตราพระมหามงกุฎ - พระแสงจักร แบบบาง | กรมธนารักษ์. กรมธนารักษ์ : The Treasury Department. Published 2024. Accessed December 20, 2024. <nowiki>https://www.treasury.go.th/th/coin-k4-6/‌</nowiki></ref>

With the crowning of King Rama 5 in 1868, his majesty decided to tackle the massive counterfeiting of base-metal coins in his era. His majesty decided to produce a new large solot (1/128 baht) coin so that the old smaller solot coin were rendered unusable and unprofitable to counterfeit. The large solot coins were only produced for a small period of time, but the coin fulfilled its duties and eliminated a huge portion of counterfeited productions.<ref name=":1" />

These tin coins were extensively counterfeited, and brought in from Hong Kong.<ref name=":2">LeMay J. Coinage of Siam. JSS 018_3b. The Siam Society; 2020. Accessed 10 December 2025. <nowiki>https://thesiamsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/JSS_018_3b_LeMay_CoinageOfSiam.pdf</nowiki></ref> {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align: center" ! colspan="11" |<big>Table for Issue 2 - 1860 - Tributary Series</big> |- ! colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:15%" |Image ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Denomination ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Weight ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Dimensions ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Mintages ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Compositions ! colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:30%" |Inscriptions ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:8%" |Date of Issue ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:10%" |Designer / Sculptor |- ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Obverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" | Reverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Obverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Reverse |- |frameless|150x150px |frameless|150x150px |Solot '''โสฬส''' 0 / 0 / ½ |3.62g |23mm × 2mm | rowspan="14" |Unknown |'''Tin''' ----'''Copper''' ----'''Tin Oxide Alloy''' |'''Great Mongkut Seal''' |'''Siamese State Ensign''' ----สิบ หก อัน เป็น เฟื้อง

''Land of Siam'' |1864 |- |frameless|150x150px |frameless|150x150px |Paddueng '''พัดดึงส์''' 2 / 4 / 0 |1.90g |16mm × 0.8mm |'''Gold''' 91.67% (1st circ.) ----'''Gold''' 99.97% (2nd circ.) |'''Great Mongkut Seal''' |'''Siamese State Ensign''' |1857 ----'''demonetized 1908<ref name=":4" />''' |- |frameless|150x150px |frameless|150x150px |Pit '''พิศ''' 4 / 0 / 0 |3.10g |17mm × 1mm |'''Gold''' 91.67% (1st circ.) ----'''Gold''' 99.97% (2nd circ.) |'''Great Mongkut Seal''' |'''Siamese State Ensign''' |1863 ----'''demonetized 1908<ref name=":4" />''' |- |frameless|150x150px |frameless|150x150px |Tot '''ทศ''' 8 / 0 / 0 |8.00g |22mm × 1mm |'''Gold''' 91.67% (1st circ.) ----'''Gold''' 99.97% (2nd circ.) |'''Great Mongkut Seal''' |'''Siamese State Ensign''' |1863 ----'''demonetized 1908<ref name=":4" />''' |- | colspan="11" |''*Baht / Fuang / At - nondecimal notation is used to convey value*'' |} {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align: center" ! colspan="11" |<big>Table for Issue 3 - 1868 - Great Chula Seal Series</big> |- ! colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:15%" |Image ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Denomination ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Weight ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Dimensions ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Mintages ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Compositions ! colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:30%" |Inscriptions ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:8%" |Date of Issue ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:10%" |Designer / Sculptor |- ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Obverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" | Reverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Obverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Reverse |- |frameless|150x150px |frameless|150x150px |Solot '''โสฬส''' 0 / 0 / ½ |7.50g |32mm × 2mm | rowspan="4" |Unknown |'''Tin''' ----'''Copper''' ----'''Tin Oxide Alloy''' |'''Great Chula Seal''' |'''Siamese State Ensign''' ----สิบ หก อัน เป็น เฟื้อง

''Sixteen makes a Fuang'' ----1/16 F. 方片六十 |November 16, 1868 ----'''demonetized April 14, 1875<ref name=":4" />''' | rowspan="4" |'''Bank of Siam''' |- |frameless|150x150px |frameless|150x150px |Fueang '''เฟื้อง''' 0 / 1 / 0 |1.89g |16mm × 1mm |'''Silver''' 90.00% |'''Great Chula Seal''' ----✶ ''8 stars'' |'''Siamese State Ensign''' ----✶ ''8 stars'' |1869 |- |frameless|150x150px |frameless|150x150px |Salueng '''สลึง''' 0 / 2 / 0 |3.82g |22mm × 1mm |'''Silver''' 90.00% |'''Great Chula Seal''' ----✶✶ ''8 stars'' |'''Siamese State Ensign''' ----✶✶ ''8 stars'' |1869 |- |frameless|150x150px |frameless|150x150px |Baht '''บาท''' 1 / 0 / 0 |15.10g |31mm × 1mm |'''Silver''' 90.00% |'''Great Chula Seal''' ----✶✶✶✶✶✶✶✶ ''8 stars'' |'''Siamese State Ensign''' ----✶✶✶✶✶✶✶✶ ''8 stars'' |1869 |}

==== Issue 4 – 1875 – Chulalongkorn Monogram Series ==== The first series to depict king Rama V, the coins of this issue were made of copper, silver, and gold. Though gold was strangely only used for the 1 ''fueang'' denomination.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1 Fuang - Rama V, Thailand |url=https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces33330.html |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=en.numista.com |language=en}}</ref> The new shield emblem was introduced in this issue. This shield was separated into three section. Drawing from western influences, symbols within these sections represented territories Siam was controlling. The tree-headed elephant represented Siamese territory, the bottom-left elephant represented Lan Xang, and the warangka represented Siamese Malaya.

Due to a malfunction in the minting machinery at the government mint, which prevented the production of circulating coinage, King Chulalongkorn ordered the design of this coin series and commissioned its production by a mint in Birmingham. This marked the first time that coins were minted abroad for circulation in Siam.<ref>เหรียญทองแดงตรา จ.ป.ร. - ช่อชัยพฤกษ์ | กรมธนารักษ์. กรมธนารักษ์ : The Treasury Department. Published 2024. Accessed December 20, 2024. <nowiki>https://www.treasury.go.th/th/coin-k5-2/</nowiki>

‌</ref> The copper coins in this issue were made in the same size as the coins of the United Kingdom, with the Solot being the same size as the Farthing, the Att being the same size as the Half-Penny, and the Siao being the same size as the Penny. The silver coins differ in size to the British counterpart due to the baht being pegged to a different unit of silver. The copper coin in this case were base metal and were not pegged to any standard metal, hence their size tend to differ more throughout history. These copper coins only represent a certain amount of silver.

These silver coins were minted when the Sathit Kuang machinery was put into use in 1889 at the Sathit Kuang Coin Mint, marking the beginning of a new coinage system. The year markings started to appear on the coins from R.S. 120 (1898) onwards.<ref>เหรียญเงิน พระบรมรูป - ตราแผ่นดิน | กรมธนารักษ์. กรมธนารักษ์ : The Treasury Department. Published 2024. Accessed December 20, 2024. <nowiki>https://www.treasury.go.th/th/coin-k5-5/</nowiki>

‌</ref>

===== On the use of the national emblem ===== The national coat of arms used during the reign of Chulalongkorn was designed in 1873 by Pravich Chumsai. The emblem consisted of several symbolic elements representing the monarchy, the Chakri dynasty, and the territories of Siam.

Symbolism of the Coat of Arms

# The '''Great Crown of Victory''', together with rays and royal umbrellas, represented the monarchy and royal authority. # The '''Chakra''' and '''Trident''' symbolized the Chakri Dynasty. # The central shield was divided into three sections: #* The '''three-headed elephant Airavata''' represented Northern, Central, and Southern Siam united as the Kingdom of Siam. #* The '''white elephant''' standing on a pedestal represented Laos, then a tributary state of Siam. #* The crossed curved and straight daggers represented the Malay tributary states. # Supporting figures on each side included: #* A '''lion''', symbolizing the supremacy of the Ministry of Interior in civil affairs. #* An '''elephant-lion''', symbolizing the supremacy of the Ministry of Defense in military affairs. # The '''Royal Order of the Nine Jewels''' represented Buddhism and indicated that recipients were required to be Buddhists according to the Royal Decorations Act. The '''Order of Chulalongkorn''' symbolized royal favor toward members of the royal family and individuals who had rendered distinguished service to the kingdom. # The motto:

<blockquote>"Sap Phes Song Phutan Samaggi Wutthisadhika"</blockquote>was composed by Sa and translates as:<blockquote>"The unity of the people brings about prosperity."</blockquote>A simplified version of the coat of arms was used on Siamese coinage. This abbreviated national emblem removed the lion, elephant-lion, royal necklaces, motto, and decorative ornaments, leaving only:

* The three-part shield * Airavata * The white elephant * Crossed daggers * The Chakra and Trident * The Great Crown of Victory * Royal umbrellas

This simplified emblem appeared especially on one-baht and two-baht coins. After Siam lost territories to European colonial powers, the emblem was gradually abandoned. These territorial losses included:Luang Prabang, Vientiane, and Champasak which were ceded to France in 1903, along with Burapha territories in 1906, and the four Malay states ceded to United Kingdom in 1909. Following these losses, the national coat of arms was replaced on coins by the '''Airavata emblem'''.

Near the end of the reign of King Rama V, coins were designed featuring the King's portrait together with the Airavata emblem, but they were not released into circulation before his death. The national emblem later reappeared on Thai coinage during the reign of Bhumibol Adulyadej. Coins bearing the emblem were issued in:

* 1950 (B.E. 2493) * 1957 (B.E. 2500)

and on the commemorative coin celebrating the King's return to Bangkok in 1961 (B.E. 2504). In 1962 (B.E. 2505), one-baht nickel circulation coins again used the national coat of arms, although the crown in this version no longer displayed the halo rays found in the earlier design.<ref name=":4" />

===== Decree of October 29th 1863: Proclaiming sizes and specification of denominations ===== {{Blockquote|text=2nd day of the waning moon of the 11th month in the year of the Pig (5th cycle), equivalent to Oct. 29th, 1863, King Mongkut announced the minting of three gold coins for general use as currency. After pointing out that all important countries issued a gold coinage, but that hitherto Siam had been without one, His Majesty stated that he had issued a Royal Command to the Mint to prepare 3 values of coins, of gold 8.5 fine ("thong kham neiá pát sétsong"), i.e., gold leaf of the Chop Ann Seng, the first equal in value to 8 Ticals silver, the second to 4 Ticals, and the third to 2½ Ticals, the last named to represent the weight of a Chinese "tael". He went on to say that the types of these coins had been borrowed from those of the English sovereign and half-sovereign; but that the latter coins were an alloy of gold and copper, containing of the latter 1 in 12 (i.e. 22 carat gold) for the purpose of hardening the coin. He was afraid, however, that the Siamese folk would askance at gold coins which were not pure.

....

On one side (the obverse) there is a picture of the Royal Crown in the centre. There are Royal Umbrellas supporting it on both sides. There are branches of trees, looking like flames, added to the background of the coin.

On the other side (the reverse) is a picture of the "Chakr". In the heart of the "Chakr" is a picture of an Elephant, symbolical of the Kingdom of Siam. On the outside of the circle round the "Chakr", in the case of the Tical value, are 8 stars, each star representing 1 Fuang; the 2 Salung piece has 4 stars, representing 4 Fuang; the Salung has two stars, and the Fuang 1 star.|author=Royal Siamese Government|title=Decree of October 29th, 1863}}

===== Decree of June 29th 1874: Proclaiming the use of temporary paper money, in order to transition into the new series of coins ===== {{Blockquote|text=The tin Atts and Solots which had been minted and put into circulation in the place of cowries in the last reign have been much counterfeited, and when the legal value of the Att was subsequently reduced to twenty cowries, a great many of these coins disappeared, while no more have been manufactured owing to the fact that copper ones could not be produced with the existing machinery. Bigger machines of greater power are being ordered, and as soon as they are installed and ready for working, the Mint will produce such copper coins as will challenge the ingenuity of counterfeiters. At present, however, the public are taxed with the token coins of the gaming house Farmers (Pee, q. v.), which are accepted only in their respective issuing districts and only during their issuers' tenure of the district monopoly. H. M. the King has now been pleased to command the printing of paper "atts", each sealed with the Royal Arms of two different sizes, and all numbered in consecutive order to differentiate them from each other. Should any note be found with the same number as another, the counterfeit note will probably be discovered after a careful examination of the seal-marks and the framework design. These paper "atts" shall be legal currency for the time being until copper coins can be issued after the installation of the new machinery. Anyone having more of them than he needs may present them for payment at the Treasury between 11 A. M. and 3 P. M., and their value will be paid him that same day. Should any of the notes presented be torn in two or more places, it will be accepted as long as the pieces can be formed into one and the same note, and no commission whatever will be charged on its payment.

By command of H. M. the King, therefore, Phya Rajbhakdi Sriratanarajsombat, Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown of Siam and Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Chula Chom Klao, hereby notifies to all, high and low, that, from the first day of the waxing moon in the second eighth month of the year of the Dog, sixth of the current cycle, the Treasury will issue paper "atts" instead of tin coins till the Mint is completely furnished (when copper coins will be manufactured to replace these paper "atts"), and that these paper "atts" may be freely used by the public without fear of loss.

Proclaimed on Monday, the first day of the waning moon in the first eight month of the year of the Dog, sixth of the current cycle, Chula Era 1234, being the seventh year of the present Reign.|author=Royal Siamese Government|title=Decree of June 29th, 1874}}<ref name=":2" /> {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align: center" ! colspan="11" |<big>Table for Issue 4 - 1875 - Chulalongkorn Monogram Series</big> |- ! colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:15%" |Image ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Denomination ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Weight ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Dimensions ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Mintages ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Compositions ! colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:30%" |Inscriptions ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:8%" |Date of Issue ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:10%" |Designer / Sculptor |- ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Obverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" | Reverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Obverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Reverse |- |frameless|150x150px |frameless|150x150px |Solot '''โสฬส''' 0 / 0 / ½ |2.5g |20mm × 1mm |'''2.56 million''' |'''Copper''' |'''กรุงสยาม ''(Kingdom of Siam)''''' ----'''Monogram of Rama V'''

จ.ป.ร. (มหาจุฬาลงกรณ์ ปรมราชาธิราช) ----'''รัชกาลที่ ๕ ''(5th Reign)''''' |'''Java Cassia Wreath''' ----โสลด ๑๖ อันเฟื้อง

จ.ป.ร. (มหาจุฬาลงกรณ์ ปรมราชาธิราช) ----'''รัชกาลที่ ๕ ''(5th Reign)''''' |'''Java Cassia Wreath''' ----อัฐ ๘ อันเฟื้อง

จ.ป.ร. (มหาจุฬาลงกรณ์ ปรมราชาธิราช) ----'''รัชกาลที่ ๕ ''(5th Reign)''''' |'''Java Cassia Wreath''' ----เสี้ยว ๔ อันเฟื้อง

จ.ป.ร. (มหาจุฬาลงกรณ์ ปรมราชาธิราช) ----'''รัชกาลที่ ๕ ''(5th Reign)''''' |'''Java Cassia Wreath''' ----สิ้ก ๒ อันเฟื้อง

''Siam'' ----รัชกาลที่๕

''5th Reign'' ----กึ่งตำลึง

''Half Tamlueng'' |1875 ----'''demonetized May 3, 1909''' |- |frameless|150x150px |'''3.8 million''' ''(dated)'' |๑๒๐

''Siam'' ----รัชกาลที่๕

''5th Reign'' ----เฟื้องหนึ่ง

''Siam'' ----รัชกาลที่๕

''5th Reign'' ----บาทหนึ่ง

''1 baht'' |1875 ----'''demonetized February 20 1913''' |- |frameless|150x150px |'''59.1 million''' ''(dated)'' |๑๒๐

''Siam'' ----รัชกาลที่๕

''5th Reign'' ----กึ่งตำลึง

''Half Tamlueng'' |1877 |}

==== Issue 5 – 1888 – Siam Devadhiraj Series ==== thumb|Siam at the time of coin issue 5 (1888) This was a minor issue (not all denominations were updated), in which the lower denominations' designs were updated to incorporate the three-parted shield into the design. This shield is a part of the national seal at the time. This copper coin was produced to replace previous versions and was minted in England, with additional production by the Royal Mint of Thailand.<ref>เหรียญทองแดง พระบรมรูป - ตราพระสยามเทวาธิราช | กรมธนารักษ์. กรมธนารักษ์ : The Treasury Department. Published 2024. Accessed December 20, 2024. <nowiki>https://www.treasury.go.th/th/coin-k5-3/</nowiki>‌</ref> In this issue, depending on where the coin was minted, the minting alignment was different. This means that in this specific series, the alignment will show at which mint the coin was minted.<ref>1 Siao / 2 Att - Rama V, Thailand. Numista.com. Published 2024. Accessed December 31, 2024. <nowiki>https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces11037.html</nowiki>‌</ref> For example, in this series there were four mints which contributed to the minting: Royal Mint of Belgium, Bangkok Mint, Heaton and Sons (Burmingham Mint), and Hamburgische Münze. For the 1 Solot coin, the coin minted in the year R.S. 109 was medal aligned and was minted in the Birmingham Mint, but R.S. 118 coins were minted in Hamburg had coin alignement.<ref>1 Solot / {{frac|1|16}} Fueang / {{frac|1|2}} Att - Rama V, Thailand. Numista.com. Published 2024. Accessed December 31, 2024. <nowiki>https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces13246.html</nowiki>‌</ref> Medal alignment is where the portrait of the king is facing up, with the back's design also facing up. Coin alignment is where the sides of the coins' designs are flipped.

<gallery widths="1050" heights="450" mode="nolines"> File:Minting alignment thai coin example.jpg File:Size inspiration of thai coins and british coins.png File:Size inspiration of thai coins and british silver coins.png File:Size inspiration of thai coins and british gold coins.png </gallery>

===== Excerpt on the sizes of these lower denominations ===== {{Blockquote|text=a new series modelled on the lines of the English copper money current at the time, and also minted in England. this was of 3 values, viz :~ 2 Atts (Sio or Pai), 1 Att, and 1/2 Att (Solot)|author=The Siam Society|title=The Coins of the Bangkok Dynasty, 1782-1924, page 212}} {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align: center" ! colspan="11" |<big>Table for Issue 5 - 1888 - Siam Devadhiraj Series</big> |- ! colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:15%" |Image ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Denomination ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Weight ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Dimensions ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Mintages ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Compositions ! colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:30%" |Inscriptions ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:8%" |Date of Issue ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:10%" |Designer / Sculptor |- ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Obverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" | Reverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Obverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Reverse |- |frameless|150x150px |frameless|150x150px |Solot '''โสฬส''' 0 / 0 / ½ |2.50 g |19mm × 2mm |'''10.24 million<ref name=":4" />''' |'''Copper''' 95% '''Tin''' 4% '''Zinc''' 1% |'''Rama V's 2nd Portrait''' ----'''Chulalongkorn Rex'''

จุฬาลงกรณ์ ป.ร. ----'''King Chula Chomklao of Siam''' พระจุลจอมเกล้าเจ้ากรุงสยาม |'''Guardian Deity of Siam's Portrait''' ----หนึ่งโสฬศ

จุฬาลงกรณ์ ป.ร. ----'''King Chula Chomklao of Siam''' พระจุลจอมเกล้าเจ้ากรุงสยาม |'''Guardian Deity of Siam's Portrait''' ----หนึ่งอัฐ

จุฬาลงกรณ์ ป.ร. ----'''King Chula Chomklao of Siam''' พระจุลจอมเกล้าเจ้ากรุงสยาม |'''Guardian Deity of Siam's Portrait''' ----หนึ่งเซียว

1 siao ----๑๒๒ (RS 122) |February 6 1888–1905 ----'''demonetized May 3, 1909''' |}

=== Decimal coinage === The decimalisation of the Thai baht came about at the end of the 19th century. The Minister of Treasury, Jayanta Mongkol, the Prince Mahisara Rajaharudaya, suggested to King Rama V that decimalisation would make counting easier and further modernise Siam. Initially, there would be one superunit, ''chang'', and one subunit, ''at''. with the baht being in the middle. In summary, 64 ''at'' = 1 baht = 1/80 ''chang''. In reality, this was just a simplification of the old system, which was scrapped.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2½ Satang - Rama V, Thailand |url=https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces27448.html |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=en.numista.com |language=en}}</ref> In which, during the period of 1902–1908, Siam went back to the old system. Though in comparison, ''at'' is used as the subunit in Laos, compared to the satang in the Thai baht. The second attempt came at the end of Rama V's reign, where it was more widely accepted and put into effective use.

In 1897, the first coins denominated in satang were introduced, cupronickel {{frac|2|1|2}}, 5, 10, and 20 satang. However, 1 ''solot'', 1, and 2 ''at'' coins were struck until 1905 and 1 ''fueang'' coins were struck until 1910. In 1908, holed 1, 5, and 10 satang coins were introduced, with the 1 satang in bronze and the 5 and 10 satang in nickel. The 1 and 2 ''salueng'' were replaced by 25 and 50 satang coins in 1915. In 1937, holed, bronze {{frac|2}} satang were issued.

In 1941, a series of silver coins was introduced in denominations of 5, 10, and 20 satang, due to a shortage of nickel caused by World War II. The next year, tin coins were introduced for 1, 5, and 10 satang, followed by 20 satang in 1945 and 25 and 50 satang in 1946. In 1950, aluminium bronze 5, 10, 25, and 50 satang were introduced whilst, in 1957, bronze 5 and 10 satang were issued, along with 1-baht coins struck in an unusual alloy of copper, nickel, silver and zinc. Several Thai coins were issued for many years without changing the date. These include the tin 1942 1 satang and the 1950 5 and 10 satang, struck until 1973, the tin 1946 25 satang struck until 1964, the tin 50 satang struck until 1957, and the aluminium bronze 1957 5, 10, 25, and 50 satang struck until the 1970s. Cupronickel 1-baht coins were introduced in 1962 and struck without date change until 1982.

In 1972, cupronickel 5-baht coins were introduced, switching to cupronickel-clad copper in 1977. Between 1986 and 1988, a new coinage was introduced, consisting of aluminium 1, 5 and 10 satang, aluminium bronze 25 and 50 satang, cupronickel 1 baht, cupronickel-clad copper 5 baht and bimetallic 10 baht. Cupronickel-clad steel 2 baht were introduced in 2005.

==== Issue 6 – 1897 – Siam Anachak Series (transitional) ==== The old monetary system of Siam was based on a binary system that proved challenging for accounting purposes. This system initially consisted of three main units of currency: '''Chang''', '''Baht''', and '''Att'''. Under this system, there were 64 Att to 1 Baht and 80 thumb|Siam at the time of coin issue 6 (1897) Baht to 1 Chang. Despite its widespread use, the system's complexity made it difficult to manage and calculate. Recognising the inefficiencies, the Minister of Treasury proposed to King Rama V that Siam's currency system should be decimalised. The proposal aimed to modernise the monetary system and align it with the decimal systems increasingly adopted by other countries at the time. King Rama V approved the transition to a decimal-based currency, which simplified accounting processes. The transition to a decimal currency system faced numerous challenges even before the new coins were issued. Notably, the word "Anachak" (อาณาจักร) was initially misspelled as "อานาจักร," causing controversy. King Rama V intervened, insisting that the most accurate phrasing should be "Siam Ratcha-Anachak" (สยามราชอาณาจักร; Kingdom of Siam). Despite the initial enthusiasm for the decimal system, the new coins struggled to gain popularity among the public. Many people were unfamiliar with the decimal system and preferred the traditional currency. Consequently, the new coins quickly faded from circulation, forcing the government to continue producing coins under the old system.

The production of coins from the old system persisted until '''RS 127 / BE 2451 / AD 1907'''. Ultimately, both pre-decimal coins and the early decimal coins were demonetised on '''May 17, RS 128 / BE 2452 / AD 1909'''. Citizens were given a grace period to exchange the demonetised coins for the new decimal currency, with the deadline set for '''May 16, RS 128 / BE 2452 / AD 1910'''. This gradual shift is shown in the fact that coins after the transition often switched between three calendar systems, the CS (Chulasakarat) system, the RS (Rattanakosin Sok) system, the BE (Buddhist Era / Phutthasakarat) system.<ref>2½ Satang - Rama V, Thailand. Numista.com. Published 2025. Accessed January 3, 2025. <nowiki>https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces27448.html</nowiki>

‌</ref>

During the year 1897, it is presumed that Rama V had arranged this series to be made during his tour in Europe.<ref name=":2" /> This series was demonetised in 1908.<ref name=":2" />

===== Royal Proclamation of 21st. August R. S. 117 (1898) : The proclamation of issuance of decimal currency ===== {{Blockquote|text=Formerly the subsidiary currency had the following values: 800 cowries equal one Fuang, 2 Fuang equal one Salung, 4 Salung equal one Tical. At present we are using the following copper coins as fractions of the Fuang: 4 Atts (Songpai), 2 Atts (pai), 1 Att, and ½ Att (Solot). These were struck on the obverse with the Royal Monogram ร.ป.ร. and the Little Crown above the letter ค, and also with the inscriptions Kingdom of Siam and Fifth Reign; on the reverse with a wreath of laurel leaves, in the middle of which appears the denomination of the particular coin and the date. Their issue was notified in the year of the Pig, Chula Era 1237, and the year of the Rat, Chula Era 1238.

There are also copper coins of another design for the 2 Atts (Pai), the Att, and the ½ Att (Solot) only. These have on the obverse His Majesty's effigy with the following inscription round the border: Chulalongkorn P. R. Phra Chula Chom Klao Chao Krung Siam, and on the reverse the figure representing 'Siam' holding a staff and seated on a shield. Their issue was notified in the year of the Pig, Chula Era 1249.

All these coins are valued in accordance with the original notation. In the accounts the figures of a sum are accordingly entered in three columns: Catties, Bahts, and Atts — 64 Atts, or 6,400 cowries, equalling one Tical and 80 Ticals one Catty, which is the unit. Now the system of keeping accounts is to be changed to a decimal one, reducing the number of columns to two only: Ticals and Satang. The value of a Satang is to be a hundredth part of a Tical, so that the summing up of a number of figures will be a much simpler task.

H. M. the King has therefore been pleased to command the mintage of subsidiary nickel coins of 4 denominations, all having on the obverse the image of the three-headed Elephant and the inscriptions Kingdom of Siam and Year 116, but on the reverse each denomination shall show its respective nominal value in letters and large numerals in the centre, thus twenty Satang, 20; ten Satang, 10; five Satang, 5; and two and a half Satang, 2½.

Being free from oxidisability and very portable, these nickel coins will form a more suitable currency than the copper ones. Both kinds of the latter will, however, still be legal token coins for their original nominal value, side by side with those of the Satang denominations, and the one may be freely demanded from the Treasury in exchange for the other at its full proportionate nominal value.

On and from the 21st. September R. S. 117 (1898), the nickel coins shall be current at their respective values mentioned above.

Proclaimed on 21st. August R. S. 117 (1898), being the 10,874th. day of the present Reign.|author=Royal Siamese Government|title=Royal Proclamation of 21st. August R. S. 117 (1898)}}<ref name=":2" /> {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align: center" ! colspan="11" |<big>Table for Issue 6 - 1897 - Siam Anachak Series</big> |- ! colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:15%" |Image ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Denomination ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Weight ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Dimensions ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Mintages ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Compositions ! colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:30%" |Inscriptions ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:8%" |Date of Issue ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:10%" |Designer / Sculptor |- ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Obverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" | Reverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Obverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Reverse |- |frameless|150x150px |frameless|150x150px |'''2.5 satang''' |2.06 g |16mm × 1.0mm |'''3.12 million''' |'''Cupronickel''' |'''Erawan (Airavata) Portrait in Wreath''' ----'''Kingdom of Siam''' สยามอานาจักร ----ศก๑๑๖ (RS 116) |'''สองสตางค์ครึ่ง''' two and a half satang ----๒ ๑/๒ 2½ ----H (Heaton Mint) |September 21, 1897 ----'''demonetized May 17, 1909''' | rowspan="4" |'''Bank of Siam''' |- |frameless|150x150px |frameless|150x150px |'''5 satang''' |3.02 g |20mm × 1.0mm |'''3.81 million''' |'''Cupronickel''' |'''Erawan (Airavata) Portrait in Wreath''' ----'''Kingdom of Siam''' สยามอานาจักร ----ศก๑๑๖ (RS 116) |'''ห้าสตางค์''' five satang ----๕ 5 ----H (Heaton Mint) |September 21, 1897 ----'''demonetized May 17, 1909''' |- |frameless|150x150px |frameless|150x150px |'''10 satang''' |4.00 g |22mm × 1.0mm |'''5.08 million''' |'''Cupronickel''' |'''Erawan (Airavata) Portrait in Wreath''' ----'''Kingdom of Siam''' สยามอานาจักร ----ศก๑๑๖ (RS 116) |'''สิบสตางค์ '''ten satang ----๑๐ 10 ----H (Heaton Mint) |September 21, 1897 ----'''demonetized May 17, 1909''' |- |frameless|150x150px |frameless|150x150px |'''20 satang''' |6.57 g |25mm × 1.5mm |'''5.08 million''' |'''Cupronickel''' |'''Erawan (Airavata) Portrait in Wreath''' ----'''Kingdom of Siam''' สยามอานาจักร ----ศก๑๑๖ (RS 116) |'''ยี่สิบสตางค์ '''twenty satang ----๒๐ 20 ----H (Heaton Mint) |September 21, 1897 ----'''demonetized May 17, 1909''' |} thumb|297x297px|Siam at the time of coin issue 7 (1900)

==== Issue 7, 8, 9 – 1908 to 1937 – Chakra Series ==== This series is a widely minted and used series during the era of Rama V to Rama VIII. This series is also notable for being minted in many countries, in which the Siamese government would commission mints around the world to produce Thai coins and repatriate them back into the country and subsequently into circulation.<ref name=":3">1 Satang - Rama V / Rama VI / Rama VII / Rama VIII, Thailand. Numista.com. Published 2017. Accessed January 30, 2026. <nowiki>https://en.numista.com/6582</nowiki>

‌</ref> The designs would vary between mints such as on the 1 satang coin, the font of the texts and the date would have slightly different positioning or texture.

===== On the Airavata emblem used in issue 7 to 9 ===== The Airavata Seal depicts a three-headed elephant adorned with royal regalia facing forward. Airavata is the mount of Indra. Originally, the seal was used as the emblem of the ruler known as Phra Indra Raja. Later, it became one of the royal seals of Siam. Some versions depicted Indra riding the elephant, while others showed only the elephant itself. The seal was used for stamping royal letters, proclamations, and official state documents.

The emblem was also associated with the Chakri Dynasty. During the reign of Mongkut, new Airavata royal seals were created for official use. Three versions were produced: a large seal, a medium seal, and a small seal.

According to the Royal Seal Act of 122 BE, the large royal seal was used for major royal proclamations and was placed between the Maha Ongkan royal seal and the Garuda royal seal. The medium royal seal was used for royal decrees and official accompanying documents, including the Suphannabat, Hiranyabat, and certificates. The Nine-Jewel Royal Seal was positioned between the Great Royal Decree seal and the Garuda seal.

The Airavata emblem later appeared on Siamese silver coins of the one-baht, two-salung, and one-salung denominations during the late reign of Chulalongkorn and continued into the reign of Vajiravudh.<ref name=":4" />

===== Mints Involved ===== Source:<ref name=":3" />

* Royal Thai Mint * Heaton and Sons (The Mint Birmingham Limited) * Japan Mint * Royal Mint of Belgium * United States Mint of Philadelphia

Following the issue of an earlier proclamation, accounts in Siam continued to be kept in ticals and att until after the enactment of the Gold Standard Act on 11 November 1908 (R.S. 127). After this date, the currency system was changed to a decimal system, and a new series of satang coins was introduced. At the same time, earlier nickel coins were withdrawn from circulation.<ref name=":2" />

A new series of satang coins, minted in Europe, entered circulation in 1908 (R.S. 127) in connection with the Gold Standard Act. The series consisted of three denominations: 1, 5, and 10 satang. All three coins had a round central hole. Two denominations were struck in nickel, and one in copper. In 1909 (R.S. 128), a modification was made to the obverse design. The letters indicating the Ratanakosin Era (R.S.) were removed, leaving only the numerals of the date. This form continued into 1910. In 1913, the Buddhist Era replaced the Ratanakosin Era in coin dating. Coins issued thereafter bore dates such as B.E. 2456, corresponding to A.D. 1913.<ref name=":2" /> The coins were minted until 1937. {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align: center" ! colspan="11" |<big>Table for Issue 7.1 - 1908 - Holed Coin Series</big> |- ! colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:15%" |Image ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Denomination ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Weight ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Dimensions ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Mintages ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Compositions ! colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:30%" |Inscriptions ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:8%" |Date of Issue ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:10%" |Designer / Sculptor |- ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Obverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" | Reverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Obverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Reverse |- | rowspan="2" |frameless|150x150px | rowspan="2" |frameless|150x150px | rowspan="2" |'''1 satang''' | rowspan="2" |5.00 g | rowspan="2" |22.5mm × 1mm |'''~ 200 million''' | rowspan="2" |'''Bronze-copper-zinc''' | rowspan="2" |'''Chakra''' ----พ.ศ. ๒๔๗๐ (B.E. 2470) |'''Unalom Symbol''' ----สยามรัฐ ๑ สตางค์ Siamese State 1 satang |November 11, 1908 – 1937 | rowspan="5" |'''Bank of Siam''' |- |'''~ 23 million''' |'''Unalom Symbol''' ----รัฐบารไทย ๑ สตางค์ Thai Government 1 satang |1939 |- |frameless|150x150px |frameless|150x150px |'''5 satang''' |2.00 g |17.5mm × 1mm |'''5.08 million''' |'''Nickel''' |'''Chakra''' ----พ.ศ. ๒๔๗๐ (B.E. 2470) |'''Unalom Symbol''' ----สยามรัฐ ๕ สตางค์ Siamese State 5 satang |November 11, 1908 – 1937 |- |frameless|150x150px |frameless|150x150px |'''10 satang''' |3.50 g |20mm × 1mm |'''5.08 million''' |'''Nickel''' |'''Chakra''' ----พ.ศ. ๒๔๗๐ (B.E. 2470) |'''Unalom Symbol''' ----สยามรัฐ ๑๐ สตางค์ Siamese State 10 satang |November 11, 1908 – 1937 |- |frameless|150x150px |150x150px |'''50 satang''' |7.68 g |25mm × 1mm |Unknown |'''Silver''' 90.00% |'''Rama V's 1st Portrait''' ----'''สมเด็จพระปรมินทรมหาจุฬาลงกรณ์''' ''(His Majesty King Chulalongkorn)'' ----'''พระจุลจอมเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว''' ''(King Chulalongkorn)'' |'''Siamese State Seal''' ----กรุงสยาม

Siam ----รัชกาลที่๕

5th Reign ----๕๐ สตางค์

50 satang |1908 |}

==== Issue 7 – 1908 – Mustache Series ==== In 1908, the Siamese government commissioned the Monnaie de Paris mint to produce a new series of coins for Rama V. These coins were engraved by A. Patey and became the most popular coins to collect amongst the collector today, though with massive conterfeit problems. The coins' shipment were delayed and were shipped to Siam around the time of the passing of Rama V, and so the coins were never put in to circulation. With this, the mint saw fit that the designs were to be adapted to depict Rama VI.<ref name=":1" /> {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align: center" ! colspan="11" |<big>Table for Issue 7.2 - 1908 - Mustache Series</big> |- ! colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:15%" |Image ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Denomination ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Weight ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Dimensions ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Mintages ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Compositions ! colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:30%" |Inscriptions ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:8%" |Date of Issue ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:10%" |Designer / Sculptor |- ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Obverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" | Reverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Obverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Reverse |- |frameless|150x150px |frameless|150x150px |'''25 satang''' |3.75 g |20mm × 1.3mm |Unknown |'''Silver''' 90.00% |'''Rama V's 3rd Portrait''' ----จุฬาลงกรณ์ สยามินทร์ Chulalongkorn, Lord of Siam |'''Erawan (Airavata) Portrait''' ----สยามรัฐ ร.ศ.๑๒๘ Siamese State RS 128 ----๔๒

42nd year of reign ----หนึ่ง สลึง

42nd year of reign ----สอง สลึง

41st year of reign ----หนึ่ง บาท

1 baht |1908 |}

==== Issue 8 – 1913 – Erawan Series ==== These coins were all produced abroad, and they feature changes in year formatting and design differences over time. The coins were initially produced with the R.S. year system but transitioned to using the B.E. system from 1913 onwards.<ref>เหรียญนิกเกิล ทองแดง ตราอุณาโลม - พระแสงจักร | กรมธนารักษ์. กรมธนารักษ์ : The Treasury Department. Published 2024. Accessed December 20, 2024. <nowiki>https://www.treasury.go.th/th/coin-k6-1/</nowiki>

‌</ref> The 1 Baht coins were replaced with banknotes starting in 1918 due to the high cost of silver. The 2 Salung and 1 Salung coins experienced changes in metal composition due to fluctuating silver prices during World War I, and these coins have slight design variations based on these changes.

During issue, there were also various debasements of the silver content of these coins. Initially, the composition was 80% silver and 20% copper. In 1918, during World War I, silver prices surged, leading to a change in the composition to 65% silver and 35% copper. In 1919, the silver percentage dropped further to 50% silver and 50% copper. After the war, in 1919, the composition returned to 65% silver and 35% copper.<ref>เหรียญเงิน พระบรมรูป - ตราไอราพต | กรมธนารักษ์. กรมธนารักษ์ : The Treasury Department. Published 2024. Accessed December 20, 2024. <nowiki>https://www.treasury.go.th/th/coin-k6-2/</nowiki>

‌</ref> In 1917, the price of silver rose and exceeded the face value of silver coins. The coins were then melted down and sold. The government solved this by changing the pure silver coin to alloy. Vajiravudh eventually forbade exports of Siamese coins. In 1918, the usage of 1-baht coins was nullified and 1-baht banknotes were introduced. Coins were recalled and kept as a national reserve. {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align: center" ! colspan="11" |<big>Table for Issue 8 - 1913 - Erawan Series</big> |- ! colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:15%" |Image ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Denomination ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Weight ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Dimensions ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Mintages ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Compositions ! colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:30%" |Inscriptions ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:8%" |Date of Issue ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:10%" |Designer / Sculptor |- ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Obverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" | Reverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Obverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Reverse |- |frameless|150x150px |frameless|150x150px |'''25 satang''' |3.75 g |20mm × 1.3mm |'''~ 18 million''' |'''Silver''' 80.00% 1915 ----'''Silver''' 65.0% 1916–1918 ----'''Silver''' 50.0% 1919 ----'''Silver''' 65.0% 1920–1921 |'''Rama VI's Portrait''' ----มหาวชิราวุธ สยามินทร์ Vajiravudh Lord of Siam |'''Erawan (Airavata) Portrait''' ----สยามรัฐ ๒๔๖๘ Siamese State BE 2468 ----หนึ่ง สลึง

1 baht |}

==== Issue 9 – 1929 – Regalia Elephant Series ==== Near the end of this issue of coins, the transition into decimal currency was completed. The Rama VII coin was produced in two denominations, 50 Satang and 25 Satang, and marked the transition from the old currency system of "สองสลึง" (two salung) and "หนึ่งสลึง" (one salung) to the new system using Satang as a unit of currency.<ref>เหรียญเงิน พระบรมรูป - ตราช้างทรงเครื่อง | กรมธนารักษ์. กรมธนารักษ์ : The Treasury Department. Published 2024. Accessed December 20, 2024. <nowiki>https://www.treasury.go.th/th/coin-k7-1/</nowiki>

‌</ref> Though, people today still refer to these denomination using the old terminology. {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align: center" ! colspan="11" |<big>Table for Issue 9 - 1929 - Regalia Elephant Series</big> |- ! colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:15%" |Image ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Denomination ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Weight ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Dimensions ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Mintages ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Compositions ! colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:30%" |Inscriptions ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:8%" |Date of Issue ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:10%" |Designer / Sculptor |- ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Obverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" | Reverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Obverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Reverse |- |frameless|150x150px |frameless|150x150px |'''25 satang''' |3.75 g |20mm × 1.3mm |Unknown |'''Silver''' 65.00% |'''Rama VII's Portrait''' ----ประชาธิปก สยามินทร์ Prajadipok, Lord of Siam |'''Elephant in Regalia''' ----สยามรัฐ ๒๔๗๒ Siamese State BE 2472 ----๒๕ ส.ต.

50 satang |March 11, 1930 |}

===== On the use of the Regalia Elephant seals ===== The White Elephant Seal standing on a pedestal appeared as the national emblem on Siamese silver coins of the 50 satang and 25 satang denominations during the reign of Prajadhipok in 1929 (B.E. 2472). This was the only time this emblem appeared on circulating coinage.

The emblem is believed to have originated from the Flag Act of Rattanakosin Era 118. One section of the law states"<blockquote>"...During the reign of His Majesty King Mongkut, it was considered that the plain red flag used by Siamese merchant ships was inappropriate because it resembled the flags of other nations and was difficult to distinguish. It was therefore deemed proper to use a flag bearing an emblem similar to those used by royal ships. However, the Chakra symbol was considered too sacred for common people to use. His Majesty therefore issued a royal command to remove the Chakra, leaving only the white elephant on a red background for use by both royal and civilian vessels..."</blockquote>This passage explains that during the reign of Mongkut, Siam adopted the white elephant emblem as a national symbol for maritime identification while reserving the sacred Chakra emblem for royal use only.<ref name=":4" />

==== Issue 10 – 1937, 1941, 1942, 1945 – Kranok-lotus Series ==== thumb|297x297px|Siam at the time of coin issue 10 (1945) This series of coins is distinctive as it lacks the royal insignia and the state seal, which were commonly featured in earlier designs. This series also includes a 20 satang denomination; thus at one point the 25-satang and the 20-satang circulated at the same time.<ref>เหรียญเงิน ทองแดง ตราลายกระหนก | กรมธนารักษ์. กรมธนารักษ์ : The Treasury Department. Published 2024. Accessed December 20, 2024. <nowiki>https://www.treasury.go.th/th/coin-k8-3/</nowiki>‌</ref> The half-satang was introduced in 1937 to address the issue of low-value currency units in Thailand. The value of 1 Satang was considered too high for certain low-priced items, causing economic hardship for the poor. Previously, 1 Baht could be exchanged for 128 Solot, but after the switch to Satang, 1 Baht was only equivalent to 100 Satang. The introduction of this coin aimed to make it easier for ordinary people to purchase items without the burden of inflated prices. The coin was produced only once and was discontinued soon afterwards. It was minted in Japan and first issued on July 12, 1937.<ref>เหรียญทองแดง ครึ่งสตางค์ ตราอุณาโลม - พระแสงจักร | กรมธนารักษ์. กรมธนารักษ์ : The Treasury Department. Published 2024. Accessed December 20, 2024. <nowiki>https://www.treasury.go.th/th/coin-k8-2/</nowiki>‌</ref>

In 1942, a group of denominations switched material due to the costs of World War II: the 1-satang coin lost its hole in the middle and was made smaller.<ref>เหรียญดีบุก ตราลายกระหนก พ.ศ. 2485 | กรมธนารักษ์. กรมธนารักษ์ : The Treasury Department. Published 2024. Accessed December 20, 2024. <nowiki>https://www.treasury.go.th/th/coin-k8-4/</nowiki>‌</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align: center" ! colspan="11" |<big>Table for Issue 10.1 - 1937, 1941 - Kranok-Lotus Series</big> |- ! colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:15%" |Image ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Denomination ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Weight ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Dimensions ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Mintages ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Compositions ! colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:30%" |Inscriptions ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:8%" |Date of Issue ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:10%" |Designer / Sculptor |- ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Obverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" | Reverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Obverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Reverse |- |frameless|150x150px |frameless|150x150px |'''0.5 satang''' |1.8 g |19mm × 1.3mm |'''12.09 million''' |'''Bronze''' |'''Chakra''' ----พ.ศ. ๒๔๘๐ (B.E. 2480) |'''Unalom Symbol''' ----๑/๒ สตางค์ 1 satang ----สยามรัฐ Siamese State |July 12, 1937 | rowspan="5" |'''Bank of Siam''' |- |frameless|150x150px |frameless|150x150px |'''1 satang''' |3.5 g |22.5mm × 1.3mm |'''23.37 million''' |'''Bronze''' |'''Lotus Flower''' ----พ.ศ.๒๔๘๔

(BE 2484) |'''Kranok pattern''' ----๑ สต.

1 satang ----รัฐบาลไทย

(BE 2484) |'''Kranok pattern''' ----๕ สต.

5 satang ----รัฐบาลไทย

(BE 2484) |'''Kranok pattern''' ----๑๐ สต.

10 satang ----รัฐบาลไทย

(BE 2484) |'''Kranok pattern''' ----๒๐ สต.

20 satang ----รัฐบาลไทย

Thai Government |June 20, 1942 |} {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align: center" ! colspan="11" |<big>Table for Issue 10.2 - 1942 - Kranok-Lotus Series</big> |- ! colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:15%" |Image ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Denomination ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Weight ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Dimensions ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Mintages ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Compositions ! colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:30%" |Inscriptions ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:8%" |Date of Issue ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:10%" |Designer / Sculptor |- ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Obverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" | Reverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Obverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Reverse |- |frameless|150x150px |frameless|150x150px |'''1 satang''' |1.5 g |15mm × 2mm |'''140 million''' |'''Tin''' |'''Lotus Flower''' ----พ.ศ.๒๔๘๔

(BE 2484) |'''Kranok pattern''' ----๑ สต.

1 satang ----รัฐบาลไทย

(BE 2484) |'''Kranok pattern''' ----๕ สต.

5 satang ----รัฐบาลไทย

(BE 2484) |'''Kranok pattern''' ----๑๐ สต.

10 satang ----รัฐบาลไทย

Thai Government |January 12, 1945 |} {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align: center" ! colspan="11" |<big>Table for Issue 10.3 - 1945 - Kranok-Lotus Series</big> |- ! colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:15%" |Image ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Denomination ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Weight ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Dimensions ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Mintages ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Compositions ! colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:30%" |Inscriptions ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:8%" |Date of Issue ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:10%" |Designer / Sculptor |- ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Obverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" | Reverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Obverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Reverse |- |frameless|150x150px |frameless|150x150px |'''1 satang''' |1.5 g |15mm × 2mm |'''11.9 million''' |'''Tin''' |'''Lotus Flower''' ----พ.ศ.๒๔๘๔

(BE 2484) |'''Kranok pattern''' ----๑ สต.

1 satang ----รัฐบาลไทย

(BE 2484) |'''Kranok pattern''' ----๕ สต.

5 satang ----รัฐบาลไทย

Thai Government |1944 |- |frameless|150x150px |frameless|150x150px |'''10 satang''' |5 g |20mm × 2mm |'''6.59 million''' |'''Tin''' |'''Lotus Flower''' ----พ.ศ.๒๔๘๔

(BE 2484) |'''Kranok pattern''' ----๑๐ สต.

10 satang ----รัฐบาลไทย

Thai Government |1944 |- |frameless|150x150px |frameless|150x150px |'''20 satang''' |6 g |22mm × 2mm |'''4.65 million''' |'''Tin''' |'''Lotus Flower''' ----พ.ศ.๒๔๘๔

(BE 2484) |'''Kranok pattern''' ----๒๐ สต.

20 satang ----รัฐบาลไทย

Thai Government |January 12, 1945 |}thumb|253x253px|Siam at the time of coin issue 11 (1946)

==== Issue 11 – 1946 – Ananda Garuda Series ==== This was the first series minted in the reign of King Ananda Mahidol (Rama VIII), and it marked the return of national symbols, such as the Garuda emblem, which had been used as the national seal since the Ayutthaya period. This emblem, created during

the reign of King Chulalongkorn (Rama V), became the national seal to be used permanently, avoiding the need for a new one with each reign. There are two versions of this series minted in the same year, the young portrait and the teen portrait.<ref>เหรียญดีบุก พระบรมรูป - ตราพระครุฑพ่าห์ (ทรงเจริญพระชนมพรรษา) | กรมธนารักษ์. กรมธนารักษ์ : The Treasury Department. Published 2024. Accessed December 20, 2024. <nowiki>https://www.treasury.go.th/th/coin-k8-6/</nowiki>

‌</ref>

After World War 2, the government instructed the mint to start the production of coins depicting Rama VIII, since prior to this coins with no royal portrait were minted. These coins were made with pure tin. These coins were made with particularly low quality tin. During circulation, a lot of the coins from this series were damaged, lost, or rendered unusable. Even so, after the death of Rama VIII, the mint continue to produce this series of coins until the burial of Rama VIII, a tradition seen in the latest series of coins where new series were not introduced until after the coronation. Thus, this series of coins were used for 4 years after the passing of King Ananda Mahidol (Rama VIII).<ref name=":1" />

While this series lacks a circulating 1 baht coin, a trial piece were produced but never released into circulation.,<ref name=":1" /> the coin was 30.5 mm in diameter and made with tin. As a reference, this is the size of 5 baht coin up until issue 16 coins, or the last Rama 9 series of coins. {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align: center" ! colspan="11" |<big>Table for Issue 11 - 1946 - Ananda Garuda Series</big> |- ! colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:15%" |Image ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Denomination ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Weight ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Dimensions ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Mintages ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Compositions ! colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:30%" |Inscriptions ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:8%" |Date of Issue ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:10%" |Designer / Sculptor |- ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Obverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" | Reverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Obverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Reverse |- |frameless|150x150px |frameless|150x150px |'''5 satang''' |1.3 |15 × 1.3 |'''28.6 million''' |'''Tin''' 90.00% '''Copper''' 10.00%

|'''Rama VIII's 1st Portrait''' ----อานันทมหิดล

Ananda Mahidol ----รัชกาลที่ ๘

8th Reign |'''Garuda''' ----รัฐบาลไทย

Thai Government ----๕ สต.

5 satang ----พ.ศ.๒๔๘๙

BE 2489 |1946 | rowspan="4" |'''Bank of Siam''' |- |frameless|150x150px |frameless|150x150px |'''10 satang''' |1.8 |17.7 × 1.3 |'''53.5 million''' |'''Tin''' 90.00% '''Copper''' 10.00%

|'''Rama VIII's 1st Portrait''' ----อานันทมหิดล

Ananda Mahidol ----รัชกาลที่ ๘

8th Reign |'''Garuda''' ----รัฐบาลไทย

Thai Government ----๑๐ สต.

10 satang ----พ.ศ.๒๔๘๙

BE 2489 |1946 |- |frameless|150x150px |frameless|150x150px |'''25 satang''' |2.8 |21 × 1.5 |'''235 million''' |'''Tin''' 90.00% '''Copper''' 10.00%

|'''Rama VIII's 1st Portrait''' ----อานันทมหิดล

Ananda Mahidol ----รัชกาลที่ ๘

8th Reign |'''Garuda''' ----รัฐบาลไทย

Thai Government ----๒๕ สต.

25 satang ----พ.ศ.๒๔๘๙

BE 2489 |1946 |- |frameless|150x150px |frameless|150x150px |'''50 satang''' |5 |25.5 × 1.5 |'''19.7 million''' |'''Tin''' 90.00% '''Copper''' 10.00% |'''Rama VIII's 1st Portrait''' ----อานันทมหิดล

Ananda Mahidol ----รัชกาลที่ ๘

8th Reign |'''''Garuda''''' ----''รัฐบาลไทย''

''Thai Government'' ----''๕๐ สต.''

''50 satang'' ----''พ.ศ.๒๔๘๙''

''BE 2489'' |1946 |} {| class="wikitable" |+ ! colspan="4" |<big>Alternative Posthumous 2nd Portrait of Rama 8 - 1946</big> |- |frameless|150x150px |frameless|150x150px |frameless|150x150px |frameless|150x150px |}

===== On the use of the Garuda emblem ===== Vajiravudh ordered the creation of the Garuda Seal (Phra Khrut Pha) as the national royal seal. He reasoned that the royal seal used for endorsing royal signatures on important state documents had to be recreated every time a new reign began. Since the Garuda seal had served as a royal seal since the Ayutthaya Kingdom period, he considered it appropriate to establish it permanently as the national seal so that it would no longer need to be changed with each reign. As a result, the Garuda Seal became the national emblem of Siam from 1911 onward and has remained so to the present day.

The Garuda Seal symbolizes Narayana, regarded in Brahmanic tradition as a supreme deity. The Siamese king was viewed as a divine incarnation, and the Garuda, the mount of Narayana, was therefore adopted as the royal emblem. The seal was used as the national seal and for sealing royal correspondence and international treaties.

Over time, both the appearance and use of the seal evolved. Originally, the design depicted Narayana riding the Garuda, while the Garuda grasped naga serpents. This form was used for proclamations and was positioned to the right of the Airavata royal seal. Later, during the reign of Chulalongkorn, the King wished to use the Garuda emblem instead of the royal coat of arms as the seal accompanying the royal signature. He therefore ordered Narisara Nuwattiwong to redesign the emblem. The new version removed the figure of Narayana and retained only the Garuda. This design became known as the "Central Garuda Seal" and was used to accompany the royal signature.

The Garuda Seal first appeared on Thai banknotes during the reign of Vajiravudh on the first one-baht banknote series issued on October 3, 1918, under the supplementary Banknote Act.

The national Garuda emblem first appeared on Siamese coinage during the reign of Ananda Mahidol, and later appeared again on certain coins issued during the reign of Bhumibol Adulyadej.<ref name=":4" />

==== Issue 12 – 1950 – State Ensign Series ==== {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align: center" ! colspan="11" |<big>Table for Issue 12 - 1950 - State Ensign Series</big> |- ! colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:15%" |Image ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Denomination ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Weight ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Dimensions ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Mintages ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:5%" |Compositions ! colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:30%" |Inscriptions ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:8%" |Date of Issue ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0DC82" width:10%" |Designer / Sculptor |- ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Obverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" | Reverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Obverse ! style="background-color:#F0DC82" |Reverse |- |frameless|150x150pxframeless|150x150pxframeless|150x150px |frameless|150x150pxframeless|150x150pxframeless|150x150px |'''5 satang''' |1.25 g |15mm × 1mm |'''21.8 million''' ----'''6.48 million''' ----'''46.44 million''' |'''Aluminium Bronze''' ----'''Tin''' ----'''Bronze''' |'''Rama IX's 1st Portrait''' ----ภูมิพลอดุลยเดช Bhumibol Adulyadej ----รัชกาลที่ ๙ 9th Reign |'''State Emblem''' ----รัฐบาลไทย

Thai Government ----๕ สต.

5 satang ----พ.ศ.๒๕๐๐

BE 2500 |March 18, 1957 (Al-Bz) ----December 8, 1954 (Sn) ----September 11, 1951 (Cu) |'''Obverse''' Fine Arts Department