{{Short description|Discrimination directed at the Palestinian people}} {{Protection padlock|small=yes}} {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}} '''Anti-Palestinian racism''' or '''anti-Palestinianism'''{{Sfn|Abu-Laban|Bakan|2021|pp=143–149}} is prejudice, collective hatred, or discrimination directed at the Palestinian people. Since the mid-20th century, the phenomenon has largely overlapped with anti-Arab racism and Islamophobia because the overwhelming majority of Palestinians today are Arabs and Muslims.{{Sfn|Abu-Laban|Bakan|2021|pp=143–149}}{{Sfn|Beinart|2021}} Historically, anti-Palestinianism was more closely identified with European antisemitism, as far-right Europeans detested the Jewish people as undesirable foreigners from Palestine.<ref name=":1">Kant, Immanuel (1974): ''Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View.'' Translated by Mary J. Gregor. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, cited in Chad Alan Goldberg, ''[http://www.ssc.wisc.edu/~cgoldber/Web%20Class/Goldberg2005a.pdf Politicide Revisited]''. University of Wisconsin-Madison</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Gelbin |first1=Cathy S. |title=Cosmopolitanisms and the Jews |last2=Gilman |first2=Sander L. |publisher=University of Michigan Press |date=2017 |isbn=978-0-4721-3041-2 |location=University of Michigan Press}}</ref> Modern anti-Palestinianism—that is, xenophobia or racism towards Palestinians—is most common in Israel,{{Efn|"For much of the 20th century, mainstream American and Israeli public discourse did not even tolerate the word 'Palestinian.' In The Question of Palestine, published in 1979, Edward Said observed that, 'merely to mention the Palestinians or Palestine in Israel, or to a convinced Zionist, is to name the unnameable.'{{thin space}}" {{Harv|Beinart|2021}}}}<ref>Riemer, Nick. ''Boycott Theory and the Struggle for Palestine: Universities, Intellectualism and Liberation''. Rowman & Littlefield, 2022. p. 76.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gendzier |first=Irene L. |date=1999-01-01 |title=Minority Alliances |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.2307/2537939 |journal=Journal of Palestine Studies |language=en |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=97–99 |doi=10.2307/2537939 |jstor=2537939 |issn=0377-919X|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Biddle |first=Alice Speri, Sam |date=2023-03-27 |title=Anti-Palestinian Hate on Social Media Is Growing, Says a Facebook Partner |url=https://theintercept.com/2023/03/27/anti-palestinian-hate-social-media |access-date=2024-11-06 |website=The Intercept |language=en-US}}</ref> the United States,{{Sfn|Beinart|2021}} Lebanon,{{Sfn|Moor|2010}} and Germany,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fekete |first=Liz |date=2024 |title=Anti-Palestinian racism and the criminalisation of international solidarity in Europe |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/03063968241253708 |journal=Race & Class |language=en |volume=66 |issue=1 |pages=99–120 |doi=10.1177/03063968241253708 |issn=0306-3968|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Jegić |first=Denijal |title=Why is Germany so viciously anti-Palestinian? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2024/1/7/why-is-germany-so-viciously-anti-palestinian |access-date=2024-11-06 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-22 |title=Geopolitics as anti-Palestinianism |url=https://mondoweiss.net/2022/08/geopolitics-as-anti-palestinianism |access-date=2024-11-06 |website=Mondoweiss |language=en-US}}</ref> among other countries.
Anti-Palestinian racism includes "erasing the human rights and equal dignity and worth of Palestinians"; defending acts of violence against Palestinians; and refusing "to acknowledge Palestinians as an Indigenous people with a collective identity".<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1093/ijtj/ijae012 |title=Palestine as a Litmus Test for Transitional Justice |date=2024 |last1=Sirleaf |first1=Matiangai V. S. |journal=The International Journal of Transitional Justice |volume=18 |pages=162–188|doi-access=free }}</ref> Pakistani author and professor Sunaina Maira,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Canary Mission |url=https://canarymission.org/professor/Sunaina_Maira |access-date=2022-04-17 |website=canarymission.org}}</ref> citing American professor of Islamic studies Shahzad Bashir in the context of labelling, states: "...an important aspect of anti-Palestinianism, that is, the moral panic whipped up about the 'radicalization' of Muslim and Arab American youth is often accompanied by the charge that they are automatically anti-Semites if they are critical of the Israeli state's policies."{{Sfn|Maira|2016|p=150}} According to Moustafa Bayoumi, anti-Palestinianism preceded the modern wave of Islamophobia and influenced the rise of the latter.<ref>Moustafa Bayoumi, [https://www.theguardian.com/news/article/2024/may/23/islamophobia-us-palestine-history Decades of spying and repression: the anti-Palestinian origins of American Islamophobia] The Guardian 23 May 2024</ref>
According to a United Nations special committee,<ref name="UNCommitteeHeadGenocide">{{Cite web |title=A genocide is unfolding before our eyes: History will not forgive our inaction, UN Special Committee warns General Assembly 4th Committee report |url=https://www.un.org/unispal/document/un-special-committee-press-release-19nov24/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250410202716/https://www.un.org/unispal/document/un-special-committee-press-release-19nov24/ |archive-date=10 April 2025 |access-date=9 April 2025 |website=Question of Palestine |language=en-US |quote=Our report leaves no room for ambiguity. A genocide is unfolding before our eyes. Failing to act now—failing to put an end to this atrocity crime — will tear apart the very foundation of the international rule of law we have collectively built to protect peace, security, and the well-being of all. Our inaction today is setting a perilous precedent for tomorrow. Think about it.}}</ref> Amnesty International, the International Association of Genocide Scholars,<ref name="IAGSReuters">{{cite news |last=van den Berg |first=Stephanie |date=1 September 2025 |title=Israel is committing genocide in Gaza, scholars' association says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israel-is-committing-genocide-gaza-scholars-association-says-2025-09-01/ |access-date=1 September 2025 |work=Reuters }}</ref><ref name="IAGS">{{cite web |date=31 August 2025 |title=IAGS Resolution on the Situation in Gaza |url=https://genocidescholars.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/IAGS-Resolution-on-Gaza-FINAL.pdf |access-date=1 September 2025 |website=International Association of Genocide Scholars |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250902042359/https://genocidescholars.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/IAGS-Resolution-on-Gaza-FINAL.pdf |archive-date=2 September 2025}}</ref> and other experts and human rights organisations, Israel has committed genocide against the Palestinian people during its ongoing invasion and bombing of the Gaza Strip.<ref name="genocide"> * {{cite book |chapter=Introduction |last1=Dumper |first1=Michael |last2=Badran |first2=Amneh |doi=10.4324/9781003031994 |title=Routledge Handbook on Palestine |date=2024 |editor-last1=Dumper |editor-first1=Michael |editor-last2=Badran |editor-first2=Amneh |isbn=9781003031994 |edition=1st |publisher=Routledge |page=2 |quote=In this context we should not overlook the latest turning point in the history of Palestine – the attack by Hamas on 7th October 2023 on Israeli settlements adjacent to Gaza and the subsequent genocidal war that the state of Israel has carried out in the Gaza strip}} * {{cite news |last=Speri |first=Alice |date=20 December 2024 |title=Defining genocide: how a rift over Gaza sparked a crisis among scholars |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/dec/20/genocide-definition-mass-violence-scholars-gaza |work=Guardian |access-date=23 December 2024}} * {{cite news |last1=Narea |first1=Nicole |date=25 October 2024 |title=Is Israel committing genocide? Reexamining the question, a year later. |url=https://www.vox.com/politics/378913/israel-gaza-genocide-icj |work=Vox |access-date=28 October 2024 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241027004251/https://www.vox.com/politics/378913/israel-gaza-genocide-icj |archive-date=27 October 2024}} * {{cite report |last1=Albanese |first1=Francesca |title=Anatomy of a Genocide: Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967, Francesca Albanese |url=https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/g24/046/11/pdf/g2404611.pdf |date=25 March 2024 |publisher=United Nations Special Rapporteur on the occupied Palestinian territories |author-link1=Francesca Albanese |page=1 |quote=By analysing the patterns of violence and Israeli policies in its onslaught on Gaza, the present report concludes that there are reasonable grounds to believe that the threshold indicating that Israel has committed genocide has been met}} * {{cite report |author=Amnesty International |author-link=Amnesty International |year=2024 |title='You Feel Like You Are Subhuman': Israel's Genocide Against Palestinians In Gaza |url=https://amnesty.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Amnesty-International-Gaza-Genocide-Report-December-4-2024.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241205121850/https://amnesty.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Amnesty-International-Gaza-Genocide-Report-December-4-2024.pdf |archive-date=5 December 2024 |url-status=live |page=13 |quote=This report focuses on the Israeli authorities' policies and actions in Gaza as part of the military offensive they launched in the wake of the Hamas-led attacks on 7 October 2023 while situating them within the broader context of Israel's unlawful occupation, and system of apartheid against Palestinians in Gaza, the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and Israel. It assesses allegations of violations and crimes under international law by Israel in Gaza within the framework of genocide under international law, concluding that there is sufficient evidence to believe that Israel's conduct in Gaza following 7 October 2023 amounts to genocide.}} * {{cite book |last1=Traverso |first1=Enzo |author-link=Enzo Traverso |year=2024 |title=Gaza Faces History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7-8PEQAAQBAJ |isbn=978-1-63542-555-0 |publisher=Other Press |page=8 |quote=The only normative definition we have, codified at the United Nations Genocide Convention of 1948, accurately describes the current situation in Palestine ... describes exactly what is happening in Gaza today}} * {{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=12 December 2024 |title=One year of denouncing the genocide of Palestinians in Gaza |url=https://www.fidh.org/en/region/north-africa-middle-east/israel-palestine/one-year-of-denouncing-the-genocide-of-palestinians-in-gaza |website=International Federation for Human Rights |access-date=4 June 2025 |quote=One year ago, the FIDH International Board, its governing body elected by all its member organisations, recognised, after extensive debate and examination, that Israel was carrying out genocide against the Palestinian people in Gaza}} * {{Cite report |author=B'Tselem |author-link1=B'Tselem |date=July 2025 |title=Our Genocide |url=https://www.btselem.org/sites/default/files/publications/202507_our_genocide_eng.pdf |page=86 |quote=The review presented in this report leaves no room for doubt: since October 2023, the Israeli regime has been responsible for carrying out genocide against the Palestinians in the Gaza Strip. Killing tens of thousands of people; causing bodily or mental harm to hundreds of thousands more; destroying homes and civilian infrastructure on a massive scale; starvation, displacement, and denying humanitarian aid — all this is being perpetrated systematically, as part of a coordinated attack aimed at annihilating all facets of life in the Gaza Strip.}}</ref><ref name="genocide_int_law_scholars">{{bulleted list | {{Cite news |last1=Mohyeldin |first1=Ayman |last2=Hamdan |first2=Basel |date=10 December 2024 |url=https://www.msnbc.com/top-stories/latest/israel-gaza-genocide-netanyahu-rcna183485 |title=Why Amnesty International and other experts say Israel is committing genocide in Gaza |work=MSNBC |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250703062158/https://www.msnbc.com/top-stories/latest/israel-gaza-genocide-netanyahu-rcna183485 |archive-date=3 July 2025}} | {{Cite journal |last1=De Vogli |first1=Roberto |last2=Montomoli |first2=Jonathan |last3=Abu-Sittah |first3=Ghassan |last4=Pappé |first4=Ilan |author4-link=Ilan Pappé |date=2025 |title=Break the selective silence on the genocide in Gaza |journal=The Lancet |volume=406 |issue=10504 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01541-7 |at=[https://www.thelancet.com/cms/10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01541-7/attachment/e415fdee-02dc-4495-8515-f587976a5bb3/mmc1.pdf Supplementary appendix pp. 3–4] |pmid=40752501 }} | {{cite news|last1=van Laarhoven |first1=Kasper |last2=Peek |first2=Eva |last3=Walters |first3=Derk |date=14 May 2025 |title=Zeven gerenommeerde wetenschappers vrijwel eensgezind: Israël pleegt in Gaza genocide |trans-title= |url=https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2025/05/14/zeven-gerenommeerde-wetenschappers-vrijwel-eensgezind-israel-pleegt-in-gaza-genocide-a4893293 |access-date=27 May 2025 |newspaper=NRC |language=nl |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250515114020/https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2025/05/14/zeven-gerenommeerde-wetenschappers-vrijwel-eensgezind-israel-pleegt-in-gaza-genocide-a4893293 |archive-date=15 May 2025}} | {{Cite news |last1=Tharoor |first1=Ishaan |date=30 July 2025 |title=Leading genocide scholars see a genocide happening in Gaza |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2025/07/30/israel-genocide-gaza-scholars-historians |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=2 August 2025}} }}</ref> Anti-Palestinian racism may have played a role in this genocide.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bakan |first1=Abigail B. |last2=Abu-Laban |first2=Yasmeen |title=Anti-Palestinian racism, antisemitism, and solidarity: Considerations towards an analytic of praxis |journal=Studies in Political Economy |date=2024 |volume=105 |pages=107–122 |doi=10.1080/07078552.2024.2325300 |quote=These examples indicate how the dehumanizing logic of anti-Palestinian racism—replete with denial of atrocity, masking of inequities, and victim blaming—has intensified in the context of Israel’s war on Gaza. Indeed, in Israel/Palestine, racism has contributed to genocide.}}</ref>
==Prevalence by country== ===Canada=== In 2018, author and political activist Yves Engler criticized the New Democratic Party (NDP) for its conduct in respect of the ''Palestine Resolution'' that called for support of efforts to ban "settlement products from Canadian markets, and using other forms of diplomatic and economic pressure to end the [Israeli] occupation."{{Sfn|O'Keefe|2018}} Engler said it "demonstrated the need to directly confront anti-Palestinianism within the party."{{Sfn|Engler|2018}}{{Efn|The 2021 NDP convention passed a resolution which made it official NDP policy to require "An end to Canada's support for illegal settlements" and "Suspending the flow of weapons to and from Israel until Palestinians are free"{{Sfn|Aivalis|2021}}{{Sfn|NDP Palestine Res 2021}}}}
In 2020, the University of Toronto allegedly blocked the hiring of Valentina Azarova as director of the International Human Rights Program (IHRP) due to her pro-Palestinian activism. Dania Majid, president of the Arab Canadian Lawyers Association (ACLA), described this as an example that "anti-Palestinian racism is alive and well" in Canada.{{Sfn|Gadzo|2020}}
In 2023, the principal of Park West School in Halifax, Nova Scotia, apologized after Palestinian students were told they could not wear the keffiyeh during the school's culture day. Palestinian and pro-Palestinian activists protested the banning of the keffiyeh as an act of anti-Palestinian racism in front of the Department of Education building in Halifax.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Apology following dispute during school's culture day falls short, say protesters |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/apology-school-culture-day-nova-scotia-1.6769721 |access-date=2023-05-04 |publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Palestinian scarves controversy at Nova Scotia school prompts calls for public apology |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/9530812/halifax-education-protest-palestinian-keffiyeh |access-date=2023-05-04 |publisher=Global News}}</ref>
In November 2024, HonestReporting Canada's assistant director, Robert Walker, was criminally charged with 17 counts of mischief for allegedly vandalizing several properties in a Toronto neighborhood by spray painting anti-Palestinian graffiti.<ref>{{cite news |title=Assistant director of Honest Reporting facing charges in connection with Riverdale graffiti|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/assistant-director-of-honest-reporting-facing-charges-in-connection-with-riverdale-graffiti/article_465e84d2-d4f2-11ef-9abb-076ea5266a8e.htmld2-d4f2-11ef-9abb-076ea5266a8e.html|access-date=January 29, 2025|work=Toronto Star|date=January 24, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Lapin|first1=Andrew|title=Senior employee of Canadian pro-Israel media watchdog charged for anti-Palestinian graffiti|url=https://www.jta.org/2025/01/28/global/senior-employee-of-canadian-pro-israel-media-watchdog-charged-for-anti-palestinian-graffiti|access-date=January 31, 2025|work=Jewish Telegraphic Agency|date=January 28, 2025}}</ref> The charges were withdrawn on March 5, 2025, in recognition of a $1,000 charitable donation by Walker to the Sick Kids Foundation.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Powell|first1=Betsy|title=Crown withdraws charges against Honest Reporting staffer over anti-Palestinian graffiti|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/crime/crown-withdraws-charges-against-honest-reporting-staffer-over-anti-palestinian-graffiti/article_31e9f58c-f909-11ef-8b13-f712e169b30e.html|publisher=Toronto Star|access-date=March 28, 2025|date=March 5, 2025}}</ref>
===France=== In May 2021, the French interior minister Gérald Darmanin requested that the police ban a pro-Palestinian protest in Paris. The Parisian journalist Sihame Assbague described the decision as an expression of "French colonial solidarity with the Israeli occupation forces."{{Sfn|AJE: French ban|2021}}
===Germany=== {{see also|Anti-Palestinianism during the Gaza war#Germany}} Palestinians in Germany have described a "crackdown and criminalisation" of Palestinians which has included police violence at protests, racial profiling, censorship, and violations of their human rights.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Gouri |title='Complete censorship': Germany's Palestinian diaspora fights crackdown |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2023/10/26/complete-censorship-germanys-palestinian-diaspora-fights-crackdown |access-date=2024-11-06 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4"/> Majed Abusalama, co-founder of Palestine Speaks in Germany, suggests German anti-Palestinianism is increasing.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Abusalama |first=Majed |title=Germany's anti-Palestinianism is escalating |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2023/6/10/palestinians-should-not-have-to-pay-for-german-sins |access-date=2024-11-06 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref>
In 2019, the Bundestag declared the BDS movement to be a form of antisemitism. In response, the BDS movement condemned the motion as anti-Palestinian. The Palestinian B.D.S. National Committee issued a statement declaring the motion an "anti-Palestinian...McCarthyite and unconstitutional resolution passed by the German Parliament."{{Sfn|Nasr|Alkousaa|2019}}{{Sfn|Bennhold|2019}} British musician Brian Eno has argued that pro-Palestinian artists are subjected to "censorship and inquisitorial McCarthyism" due to the actions of the German government and anti-Palestinian groups.{{Sfn|Eno|2021}}
On 27 April 2023, ahead of the 75th anniversary of Israel's independence, or for Palestinians the 75th anniversary of the Nakba, prominent German politician and president of the European Commission Ursula von der Leyen referred to Israel as a "vibrant democracy" in the Middle East that "made the desert bloom" in remarks criticized by the foreign ministry of the Palestinian Authority as a "propagandist discourse" propagating an "anti-Palestinian racist trope" and a "whitewashing" of Israeli occupation.<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 April 2023 |title=EU's 'Israeli independence' message rebuked in Palestine |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/27/eus-israeli-independence-message-rebuked-in-palestine |work=Al Jazeera}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Knell |first=Yolande |date=27 April 2023 |title=Palestinians condemn EU's von der Leyen for 'racist trope' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-65413810 |work=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Lynch |first=Suzanne |date=27 April 2023 |title=Von der Leyen's Israel comments provoke Palestinian ire |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/von-der-leyen-israeli-comments-provoke-palestinian-ire-palestinian-foreign-ministry-75th-anniversary-of-israel |work=Politico}}</ref>
Germany's relationship with Palestine has been described as "complex". At present, Germany's political class exhibits a "zealous identification with Israel" that is "often explained in terms of the country's past". Alternative readings, however, view this trend as a "qualitatively new phenomenon in Germany largely unrelated to moral considerations pertaining to the Nazi era".<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fischer |first=L. |date=2019 |title=Deciphering Germany's Pro-Israel Consensus |journal=Journal of Palestine Studies |volume=48 |issue=2 |pages=26–42 |doi=10.1525/jps.2019.48.2.26 |s2cid=159195502}}</ref> Hannah C. Tzuberi argues that German manifestations of "anti-antisemitism" (which has been described as "a defining marker of post-war German identity")<ref>{{Cite book |last=Judith Gruber |title=Answerable for our Beliefs |date=2021 |publisher=Peeters |isbn=978-9-0429-4742-9 |chapter=At the Intersection of Racial and Religious Othering: Theologies of Interreligious Dialogue as a Performance of White Christian Innocence? |chapter-url=https://lirias.kuleuven.be/retrieve/633887}}</ref> can go beyond the identification of Germans with Jews, sometimes leading to the identification of German gentiles as Jews, and the identification of Germany as Israel.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tzuberi |first=Hannah C. |url=https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/49467 |title=The Future of the German-Jewish Past: Memory and the Question of Antisemitism |date=2020 |publisher=Purdue University Press |editor-last=Reuveni |editor-first=Gideon |language=English |chapter="The Sun Does Not Shine, It Radiates": On National(ist) Mergings in German Philosemitic Imagery of Tel Aviv |hdl=20.500.12657/49467 |editor-last2=Franklin |editor-first2=Diana}}</ref>
A 2024 study examined the influence of the 2009 proclamation of a German "reason of state" ({{Lang|de|Staatsräson}}) regarding Israel, on the perception of Palestinians. The authors documented a removal of Palestine-related content from educational curricula, a narrowing of the range of opinions, and the criminalization of Palestinian voices.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Younes |first1=Anna |last2=Al-Taher |first2=Hanna |date=2024-07-02 |title=Erasing Palestine in Germany's Educational System: The Racial Frontiers of Liberal Freedom |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/19436149.2024.2383444 |journal=Middle East Critique |volume=33 |issue=3 |pages=397–417 |doi=10.1080/19436149.2024.2383444 |issn=1943-6149|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
In 2020, scholars and artists began accusing Germany of a "witch hunt" against those who express pro-Palestinian solidarity.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Mashiach |first=Itay |date=2020-12-10 |title=In Germany, a Witch Hunt Is Raging Against Critics of Israel. Cultural Leaders Have Had Enough |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2020-12-10/ty-article-magazine/.highlight/in-germany-a-witch-hunt-rages-against-israel-critics-many-have-had-enough/0000017f-db0d-df0f-a17f-df4fa21b0000 |access-date=2024-11-06 |website=Haaretz}}</ref> The European Legal Support Center (ELSC) has also accused Germany of human rights violations for laws which it says amount to suppression of pro-Palestinian activism, which it says particularly affects Jews and Palestinians.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-06 |title=BREAKING-New Report Reveals Human Rights Violations Resulting from IHRA Definition of Antisemitism |url=https://elsc.support/news/breaking-new-report-reveals-human-rights-violations-resulting-from-ihra-definition-of-antisemitism |access-date=2024-11-06 |website=European Legal Support Center |language=en-GB}}</ref> Artists for Palestine says Germany has censured a number of artists for expressing pro-Palestinian sentiment, include Kamila Shamsie,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |date=2019-09-23 |title=Hundreds of authors protest after Kamila Shamsie's book award is revoked |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/sep/23/hundreds-of-authors-protest-after-kamila-shamsies-book-award-is-revoked |access-date=2024-11-06 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Kae Tempest, Young Fathers, Talib Kwelli, Walid Raad and Nirit Sommerfeld.{{Sfn|Eno|2021}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-08 |title=Brian Eno: Artists must call out Germany's anti-Palestinian witch-hunt |url=https://artistsforpalestine.org.uk/2021/02/08/brian-eno-artists-must-call-out-germanys-anti-palestinian-witch-hunt |access-date=2024-11-06 |website=Artists for Palestine UK |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3"/>
===Israel=== {{Further|Israel and apartheid|Israeli demolition of Palestinian property|Palestinian enclaves}} {{See also|Roof knocking}} [[File:201805 defenseless against settlers violence photoblog12.jpg|thumb|Graffito in Turmus Ayya, left by Israeli settlers: "Take revenge against the ''goyim''."]] Palestinians are the target of violence by Israeli settlers and their supporters, predominantly in the West Bank. In November 2021, Israeli Defense Minister Benny Gantz discussed the steep rise in the number of incidents between settlers and Palestinians in the West Bank, many of which result from attacks by residents of illegal settler outposts on Palestinians from neighboring villages.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Harel |first=Amos |date=19 November 2021 |title=Settler Attacks on Palestinian Spike, Reflecting Israel's Systemic Failure |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2021-11-19/ty-article/.premium/settler-attacks-on-palestinian-spike-reflecting-israels-systemic-failure/0000017f-e228-d38f-a57f-e67aa5090000 |access-date=21 November 2023 |work=Haaretz}}</ref> Settler violence also includes acts known as price tag attacks that are in response to actions by the Israeli government, usually against Palestinian targets and occasionally against Israeli security forces in the West Bank.<ref name="bbcrising">{{Cite news |last=Donnison |first=Jon |date=17 November 2011 |title=Concerns over rising settler violence in the West Bank |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-15753945 |access-date=March 25, 2012 |publisher=BBC}}</ref>
Palestinian police are forbidden from reacting to acts of violence by Israeli settlers, a fact which diminishes their credibility among Palestinians.<ref>Daniel Byman, [https://archive.org/details/highpricetriumph0000byma/page/290 ''A High Price: The Triumphs and Failures of Israeli Counterterrorism,''] Oxford University Press/Saban Center, Brookings Institution, 2011 p. 292: 'Palestinian police are barred from responding to settler violence. This policy reduces friction between settlers and Palestinian authorities, but it decreases the overall credibility of the PA, which cannot defend its people from settler harassment and violence.'</ref> Between January and November 2008, 515 criminal suits were opened by Israel against settlers for violence against Arabs or Israeli security forces; 502 of these involved "right wing radicals" while 13 involved "left wing anarchists".<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 25, 2008 |title=Violence by Extremists in the Jewish Settler Movement: A Rising Challenge |url=https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/violence-extremists-jewish-settler-movement-rising-challenge |access-date=March 26, 2012 |publisher=The Washington Institute for Near East Policy}}</ref><ref>Constance B. Hilliard'', Does Israel have a future?: the case for a post-Zionist state'', Potomac Books, Inc., 2009 p. 59.</ref> In 2008, the senior Israeli commander in the West Bank said that a hard core of a few hundred activists were involved in violence against the Palestinians and Israeli soldiers.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2008-10-02 |title='Hundreds join' settler violence |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7647991.stm |access-date=2024-02-27 |work=BBC |language=en-GB}}</ref> Some prominent Jewish religious figures living in the occupied territories, as well as Israeli government officials, have condemned and expressed outrage over such behavior,<ref name="ynetnews.com">{{Cite news |last=Weiss |first=Efrat |date=1995-06-20 |title=Rabbi slams Jewish 'hooligans' - Israel News, Ynetnews |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3725186,00.html |access-date=2012-09-14 |work=Ynetnews |publisher=Ynetnews.com}}</ref> while religious justifications for settler killings have also been given.<ref>Amitai Etzioni, [https://books.google.com/books?id=LijhctYIPQQC&pg=PA119 ''Security First: For a Muscular, Moral Foreign Policy,''] Yale University Press, 2008 p. 119.:'Others have justified violence against Arabs by citing the rule from the Talmud: "If a man comes to kill you, rise early, and kill him first."</ref> Israeli media said the defense establishment began taking a harder line against unruly settlers starting in 2008.<ref name="Pfeffer"/> In 2011 the BBC reported that "vast majority of settlers are non-violent but some within the Israeli government acknowledge a growing problem with extremists."<ref name="bbcrising"/> UN figures from 2011 showed that 90% of complaints filed against settlers by Palestinians with the Israeli police never led to indictment.<ref name="bbcrising"/>
In the 21st century, there has been a steady increase in violence and terror perpetrated by Israeli settlers against Palestinians.<ref name="Pfeffer">Anshel Pfeffer,[https://web.archive.org/web/20120130200347/http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/top-idf-officer-warns-settlers-radical-fringe-growing-1.5787 Top IDF officer warns: Settlers' radical fringe growing], Haaretz 20 October 2009.</ref> In 2012, an EU heads of mission report found that settler violence had more than tripled in the three years up to 2011.<ref name="GnIT">{{Cite news |last=Hider |first=James |date=March 21, 2012 |title=Israel 'turning blind eye' to West Bank settlers' attacks on Palestinians |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/mar/21/israel-settlers-violence-palestinians-europe |access-date=March 23, 2012 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) figures state that the annual rate of settler attacks (2,100 attacks in 8 years) has almost quadrupled between 2006 and 2014.<ref>Chaim Levinson, Gili Cohen and Jack Khoury, [https://web.archive.org/web/20140115131417/http://www.haaretz.com/news/national/1.568700 'Palestinian mosque set on fire in suspected hate crime,'] at Haaretz, 15 January 2014. 'The annual totals are up from 115 in 2006 to 399 in 2013..'</ref> In 2021, there was yet another wave of settler violence which erupted after a 16-year-old settler died in a car chase with Israeli police after having hurled rocks at Palestinians. So far it has resulted in 44 incidents in the span of a few weeks, injuring two Palestinian children.<ref>Times of Israel Staff. "5-Year-Old Palestinian Boy Hurt by Rock Thrown at Car in Reported Settler Attack." The Times of Israel, January 22, 2021. [https://www.timesofisrael.com/5-year-old-palestinian-boy-hurt-by-rock-thrown-at-car-in-reported-settler-attack/. Times of Israel]</ref> In the latter parts of 2021, there has been a marked increase in settler violence toward Palestinians, condemned at the United Nations Security Council.
This violence increased further following the election of a far-right government in 2022 which proposed to expand Israeli settlements in Palestinian territories, as well as the Hamas attack on Israel on 7 October 2023. {{Excerpt|Racism in Israel|Incidents|paragraphs=1|files=0}} {{Excerpt|Textbooks in Israel|Teaching the Arab–Israeli conflict}}
===Lebanon=== Palestinian refugees in Lebanon are treated as second-class residents.{{Sfn|Moor|2010}} Palestinians in Lebanon are denied citizenship, restricted from certain jobs, excluded from formal education, and forced to live in refugee camps.{{Sfn|Khoury|2017}} Anti-Palestinianism was a common sentiment in a number of Lebanese factions during the Lebanese Civil War; it was particularly prominent among Lebanese Christians fighting for the right-wing Lebanese Front against the Palestine Liberation Organization and various left-wing factions. Instances attesting this phenomenon include the Sabra and Shatila massacre, in which the Lebanese Forces massacred hundreds or thousands of Palestinians (along with Lebanese Shia Muslims) with support from the Israel Defense Forces in the city of Beirut.{{citation needed|date=August 2025}}
===United States=== American public opinion has tended in favor of Israel and against Palestinians for a number of years, although pro-Palestinian sentiment has increased in the United States during the 21st century.{{Sfn|Saad|2021}}
In 2021, according to Gallup, only 25% of Americans sympathized more with Palestinians than with Israelis, with 58% sympathizing with Israel, and only 34% of Americans believed that the United States should place more pressure on Israel in regards to the Israel-Palestine conflict. However, 52% of Americans supported an independent Palestinian state. Democrats were more likely than Republicans to have pro-Palestinian sentiments.{{Sfn|Saad|2021}}
In her 1990 essay "Israel: Whose Country Is It Anyway?", the Jewish-American writer Andrea Dworkin wrote that American Jews are raised with anti-Palestinian sentiment, which she describes as "a deep and real prejudice against Palestinians that amounts to race-hate."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Israel: Whose Country Is It Anyway? |url=http://www.nostatusquo.com/ACLU/dworkin/IsraelI.html |access-date=2022-04-22 |publisher=No Status Quo}}</ref>
In May 2021, the Tayba Islamic Center in the Sheepshead Bay neighborhood of Brooklyn was vandalized with anti-Palestinian graffiti reading "Death 2 Palestine". The incident was investigated by the NYPD as a hate crime.{{Sfn|Elassar|2021}} Student leaders at the University of Michigan issued a statement denouncing the anti-Palestinian sentiment they alleged had been allowed to "run rampant" on campus, stating that Palestinian students had been "profoundly marginalized through censorship and threats."{{Sfn|Pilkington|2021}}
In November 2021, Palestine Legal filed a complaint with Washington, D.C.'s Office for Human Rights against George Washington University, alleging that the university had discriminated against Palestinians in its offering of trauma services.{{Sfn|Kennedy|Trivedi|2021}}{{Sfn|Kane|2021}}
On 9 November 2023, a former leader of the University of Connecticut's pro-Palestine campus group, who had graduated in 2022, spoke out about threatening voicemails she had received, as her number was still publicly listed on the group's website. One particular voicemail she received was from a number in Oklahoma and contained racial slurs, called her a terrorist, and said "I can't wait to see you dead". The school's Muslim Student Association received an email mocking dead Palestinians, and the messages were reported to the FBI, campus and state police.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Wendling |first=Mike |date=2023-11-09 |title=Muslim students at University of Connecticut received threats over Israel-Gaza war |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-67339982 |access-date=2023-11-09 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref>
In the first presidential debate between Joe Biden and Donald Trump in June 2024, the latter reportedly used the word "Palestinian" as a slur.<ref>Ben Samuels, [https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/2024-06-28/ty-article/.premium/bidens-presidential-debate-bomb-overshadowed-trumps-use-of-palestinian-as-a-slur/00000190-5fce-d499-a5bf-fffebd0d0000 Biden's Presidential Debate Bomb Overshadowed Trump's Use of 'Palestinian' as a Slur] Haaretz 28 June 2024.</ref>
==Examples== Opponents of anti-Palestinianism sometimes allege that it is as serious a moral failing as antisemitism, but believe that anti-Palestinianism goes unrecognized or underrecognized within Western societies.{{Sfn|Haber|2016}}
After fashion retailer Zara condemned anti-Palestinian comments made by one of its senior designers in June 2021, the East Jerusalem born and raised model Qaher Harhash said the fashion industry should stand up against anti-Palestinian sentiment:{{Sfn|Abdelkader|2021}} <blockquote>We usually see brands standing against anti-Semitism, but it's also time we see brands standing against anti-Palestinianism.{{Sfn|Alz|Ayoub|2021}}</blockquote>
In 2015, Spanish BDS activists accused the Jewish-American rapper Matisyahu of being anti-Palestinian and temporarily succeeded in having his appearance at the Rototom Sunsplash festival cancelled.{{Sfn|Ontiveros|2015}}{{Sfn|LeVine|2015}}
===Digital anti-Palestinianism=== The censorship of Palestinian and pro-Palestinian voices on the internet, particularly on social media, has been referred to as "digital apartheid"{{Sfn|Zahzah|2021}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2021 |title=Israel's digital apartheid is silencing Palestinians |url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/north-africa-west-asia/israels-digital-apartheid-is-silencing-palestinians |website=openDemocracy}}</ref> or "digital occupation".{{Sfn|Brooking|Campbell|2021}}
Facebook and Instagram have been accused of anti-Palestinian bias by digital rights activists.{{Sfn|El-Haroun|2021}} Other websites accused of anti-Palestinian bias include Reddit,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Richard Silverstein |date=7 March 2022 |title=OPT: Reddit allegedly censors pro-Palestine news and threads by users violating its own online democracy slogan |url=https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/otp-reddit-allegedly-censor-pro-palestine-news-and-threads-by-users-violating-itys-own-online-democracy-slogan |website=United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights |language=en}}</ref> YouTube, Twitter, and PayPal.{{Sfn|Tahhan|2021}}
In October 2023, during the first month of the Gaza Genocide, online commenters reacted to an anti-Palestinian racist and Islamophobic compilation video<ref>{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250826003346/https://mobile.x.com/QudsNen/status/1717435993916334417 |date=26 August 2025}}</ref> of Israeli influencers' contributions to a new TikTok trend, noting that Palestinians had been irrationally singled out using the ''Pallywood'' trope, an example of the ethnicity-based Islamophobia, and that it had a "revolting" nature, possibly due to "[the filmers'] kids [...] learning how to be racist from a very young age".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kaur Garg |first1=Moohita |title=Israel-Hamas war: Social media scrambles to scrub spoof videos mocking Palestinians |url=https://www.wionews.com/world/israel-hamas-war-social-media-scrambles-to-scrub-spoof-videos-mocking-palestinians-651829 |access-date=26 August 2025 |work=Wion |date=27 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Makeup was used both to perform the ''Pallywood'' trope and to exaggerate inherited attributes, purported and otherwise, as the ready-made explanation for the behavioral trait supposedly identified. The "users [were] applying black makeup to thicken their eyebrows and blacken their teeth".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Smith |first1=Ryan |title=Israeli influencers are mocking Palestinians suffering in Gaza |url=https://www.newsweek.com/israeli-influencers-are-mocking-palestinians-suffering-gaza-1838655 |access-date=26 August 2025 |work=Newsweek |date=31 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
=== Anti-Palestinian chants on Jerusalem Day === Since 2011,<ref>{{Cite web |last1=אלטמן |first1=יאיר |last2=אפרים |first2=עומרי |date=2011-02-06 |title=צפו: קריאות "מוחמד מת" בעיר העתיקה |url=https://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-4077257,00.html |access-date=2025-11-16 |website=Ynet |language=he}}</ref> Israeli nationalists have made anti-Palestinian chants such as "death to Arabs" ({{langx|he-IL|מָוֶת לָעֲרָבִים|Mávet la'Aravím|label=Israeli Hebrew}}) in parades on Jerusalem Day.<ref name=":022">{{Cite web |date=2025-05-26 |title=Thousands of Israeli nationalists chant 'death to Arabs' during annual procession through Jerusalem |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/thousands-of-israeli-nationalists-chant-death-to-arabs-during-annual-procession-through-jerusalem |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=PBS News |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-26 |title=Far-right marchers attack Palestinians as Israel marks taking of Jerusalem |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/czelwkwn3y2o |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-18 |title=Israeli crowds chant racist slogans and taunt Palestinians during contentious Jerusalem march |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/israel-police-jerusalem-march-palestinians-rcna85018 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Shalhoub-Kevorkian">{{cite journal |last1=Shalhoub-Kevorkian |first1=Nadera |date=2016 |title=The Occupation of the Senses: The Prosthetic and Aesthetic of State Terror |journal=British Journal of Criminology |volume=57 |issue=6 |doi=10.1093/bjc/azw066 |doi-access=free |article-number=azw066}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Activestills |date=2015-05-18 |title=PHOTOS: Jerusalem Day brings tensions in divided city to the fore |url=https://www.972mag.com/photos-jerusalem-day-brings-tensions-in-divided-city-to-the-fore/ |access-date=2025-11-25 |website=+972 Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Israeli Jews march in Jerusalem's Muslim Quarter on eve of Ramadan |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/israeli-jews-march-in-jerusalems-muslim-quarter-on-eve-of-ramadan/2016/06/05/2989b100-2b2e-11e6-b9d5-3c3063f8332c_story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160606080828/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/israeli-jews-march-in-jerusalems-muslim-quarter-on-eve-of-ramadan/2016/06/05/2989b100-2b2e-11e6-b9d5-3c3063f8332c_story.html |archive-date=2016-06-06 |access-date=2025-11-25 |newspaper=Washington Post |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Hasson |first=Nir |date=24 May 2017 |title=Clashes Erupt as Jewish Israelis Celebrate 50th Anniversary of Jerusalem's 'Reunification' |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2017-05-24/ty-article/.premium/clashes-erupt-at-jerusalem-reunification-celebrations/0000017f-e3a2-d7b2-a77f-e3a7af5d0000 |work=Haaretz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Hasson |first=Nir |date=13 May 2018 |title=Tens of Thousands Participate in Annual Israeli 'Flag March' Through Jerusalem's Muslim Quarter |work=Haaretz}}</ref><ref name="Intercept">{{cite news |last1=Mackey |first1=Robert |title=Israel's New Leaders Won't Stop "Death to Arabs" Chants, but They Will Feel Bad About Them |url=https://theintercept.com/2021/06/16/israels-new-leaders-wont-stop-death-arabs-chants-will-feel-bad/ |access-date=4 April 2022 |work=The Intercept |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Konrad |first=Edo |date=2022-05-30 |title=WATCH: Jewish supremacists chant 'Death to Arabs' during Flag March |url=https://www.972mag.com/jewish-supremacists-flag-march-jerusalem/ |access-date=2025-11-25 |website=+972 Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=McKernan |first1=Bethan |last2=Kierszenbaum |first2=Quique |date=2022-05-29 |title=Clashes in Jerusalem as Israeli nationalists march through Muslim Quarter |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/may/29/jerusalem-israeli-parade-old-city-flag-march |access-date=2025-11-25 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Israel's 'Flag March' in Jerusalem rattles Palestinians |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israels-national-flag-march-jerusalem-rattles-palestinians-2023-05-18/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241216014921/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israels-national-flag-march-jerusalem-rattles-palestinians-2023-05-18/ |archive-date=2024-12-16 |access-date=2025-11-25 |work=Reuters |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>Haaretz ''Tens of Thousands Rampage Through Jerusalem's Old City, Muslim Quarter During Flag March; Five Arrested'', June 5, 2024 [https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2024-06-05/ty-article/.premium/israel-beefs-up-security-ahead-of-jerusalem-day-celebrations-with-a-history-of-violence/0000018f-e4c3-d908-a9cf-ede320aa0000]</ref> Other chants include "May Your Village Burn,"<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/06/06/world/video/jerusalem-day-diamond-digvid-intl |title='May your village burn': Israeli nationalists parade through Muslim quarter on Jerusalem Day {{!}} CNN |date=2024-06-06 |last=Diamond |first=Jeremy |language=en |access-date=2025-11-16 |via=www.cnn.com}}</ref><ref name=":022" /> "Muhammad is dead,"<ref name=":122">{{Cite web |last=Reiff |first=Ben |date=2024-06-06 |title='Burn Shu'afat', 'flatten Gaza': masses join Jerusalem Flag March |url=https://www.972mag.com/jerusalem-flag-march-2024/ |access-date=2025-11-25 |website=+972 Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> "a Jew is a soul, an Arab is a son of a whore,"<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rabinowitz |first=Aaron |title=U.S. slams 'outrageous' racism and violence at Jerusalem Day Flag March |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-05-18/ty-article/.premium/jerusalem-flag-march-draws-tens-of-thousands-marchers-assault-palestinians-journalists/00000188-2fd4-d914-af8c-aff5b4730000 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241225193342/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-05-18/ty-article/.premium/jerusalem-flag-march-draws-tens-of-thousands-marchers-assault-palestinians-journalists/00000188-2fd4-d914-af8c-aff5b4730000 |archive-date=2024-12-25 |access-date=2025-11-25 |work=Haaretz.com |language=en}}</ref> "burn Shu'afat" or "Shu'afat is on fire" in reference to the Palestinian neighborhood in East Jerusalem where a Palestinian boy was kidnapped and set on fire,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Alsaafin |first=Linah |title=Racism of 'Jerusalem Day' march is Israeli mainstream: Analysts |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/6/1/racism-violence-of-jerusalem-march-is-mainstream-analysts-say |access-date=2025-11-25 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> as well as the Hebrew curse with Biblical origins for enemies of the Jewish people "may their name be erased."<ref name=":122" /> According to Nadera Shalhoub-Kevorkian, the Jerusalem Day parade is a "spatialized enactment of power," and in 2015, "over 30,000 young religious and nationalist Israeli Jews rampaged throughout the Old City of OEJ chanting 'Death to Arabs', 'Muhammad is Dead' and other racist slogans, restructuring the sensory experiences of Palestinians in the space."<ref name="Shalhoub-Kevorkian" />
=== Anti-Palestinianism during Gaza war === {{Excerpt|Anti-Palestinianism during the Gaza war}}
==See also== * Anti-BDS laws * Anti-Palestinianism during the Gaza war * Antisemitism * Anti-Zionism * Criticism of Israel * Death to Arabs * List of people who oppose the BDS movement * Palestinians as animals in Israeli discourse * Palestine Exception * Palestinianism * Progressive except Palestine * Racism in Jewish communities * Weaponization of antisemitism * Zionism as settler colonialism
==Notes== {{Notelist}}
===Citations=== {{Reflist|30em}}
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Now They Say They're Paying the Price |url=https://jewishcurrents.org/george-washington-university-employees-offered-support-to-palestinian-students-now-they-say-theyre-paying-the-price |access-date=7 December 2021 |magazine=Jewish Currents}} * {{Cite news |last1=Kennedy |first1=Abby |last2=Trivedi |first2=Isha |date=18 November 2021 |title=Complaint alleges University discriminated against Palestinian students |url=https://www.gwhatchet.com/2021/11/18/complaint-alleges-university-discriminated-against-palestinian-students |access-date=7 December 2021 |work=The GW Hatchet}} * {{Cite news |last=Khoury |first=Lisa |date=16 December 2017 |title=Palestinians in Lebanon: 'It's like living in a prison' |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/12/16/palestinians-in-lebanon-its-like-living-in-a-prison |access-date=4 December 2021 |publisher=Al Jazeera English}} * {{Cite web |last=LeVine |first=Mark |date=23 August 2015 |title=Should Matisyahu play at a peace festival? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2015/8/23/should-matisyahu-play-at-a-peace-festival |access-date=11 December 2021 |publisher=Al Jazeera English}} * {{Cite book |last=Maira |first=Sunaina |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UFiTDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA150 |title=The 9/11 Generation: Youth, Rights, and Solidarity in the War on Terror |publisher=NYU Press |date=2016 |isbn=978-1-4798-8051-5}} * {{Cite news |last=Moor |first=Ahmed |date=24 June 2010 |title=Why Palestinians are second-class citizens in Lebanon |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/jun/24/middleeast-palestinian-territories |work=The Guardian}} * {{Cite news |last1=Nasr |first1=Joseph |last2=Alkousaa |first2=Riham |date=17 May 2019 |title=Germany designates BDS Israel boycott movement as anti-Semitic |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-germany-bds-israel/germany-designates-bds-israel-boycott-movement-as-anti-semitic-idUSKCN1SN204 |access-date=11 December 2021 |publisher=Reuters}} * {{Cite news |last=O'Keefe |first=Derrick |date=16 February 2018 |title=Palestine resolution narrowly stopped from hitting NDP convention floor |url=https://ricochet.media/en/2130 |work=Ricochet Media}} * {{Cite news |last=Ontiveros |first=Roberto |date=18 August 2015 |title=Matisyahu Tour News: 'One Day' Singer Cut From Spanish Concert Over Palestinian Issue |url=https://www.latinpost.com/articles/72817/20150818/matisyahu-tour-news-one-day-singer-cut-from-spanish-concert-over-palestinian-issue.htm |access-date=11 December 2021 |work=Latin Post}} * {{Cite news |last=Pilkington |first=Ed |date=21 May 2021 |title=US campuses become a growing front in Israeli-Palestinian conflict |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/may/21/us-campuses-sraeli-palestinian-conflict-universities |access-date=11 December 2021 |work=The Guardian}} * {{Cite news |last=Saad |first=Lydia |date=19 March 2021 |title=Americans Still Favor Israel While Warming to Palestinians |url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/340331/americans-favor-israel-warming-palestinians.aspx |access-date=4 December 2021 |publisher=Gallup}} * {{Cite news |last=Tahhan |first=Zena Al |date=7 October 2021 |title=Rights groups to PayPal: End discrimination against Palestinians |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/7/rights-groups-paypal-end-discrimination-against-palestinians |access-date=7 December 2021 |publisher=Al Jazeera English}} * {{Cite web |last=Zahzah |first=Omar |date=13 May 2021 |title=Digital apartheid: Palestinians being silenced on social media |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2021/5/13/social-media-companies-are-trying-to-silence-palestinian-voices |access-date=7 December 2021 |publisher=Al Jazeera English}} {{Refend}}
==Further reading== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{Cite journal |last1=Abu-Laban |first1=Yasmeen |last2=Bakan |first2=Abigail B. |date=2022 |title=Anti-Palestinian Racism and Racial Gaslighting |journal=The Political Quarterly |volume=93 |issue=3 |pages=508–516 |doi=10.1111/1467-923X.13166 |s2cid=250507449 |doi-access=free}} * {{Cite web |last=Maynard |first=Judy |date=8 December 2021 |title=The "Sydney Statement on anti-Palestinianism": An Analysis |url=https://aijac.org.au/fresh-air/the-sydney-statement-on-anti-palestinianism-an-analysis |access-date=7 December 2021 |publisher=AIJAC}} * {{Cite news |date=30 June 2021 |title=Statement on Palestinian Activism |url=https://www.law.cuny.edu/newsroom_post/statement-on-palestinian-activism |publisher=CUNY School of Law}} * {{cite book |editor-first1=Lana |editor-first2=Ronit |editor-last1=Tatour |editor-last2=Lentin |title=Race and the Question of Palestine |year=2025 |doi=10.1515/9781503642980 |isbn=978-1-5036-4298-0 |publisher=Stanford University Press}} * {{Cite web |date=September 2021 |title=The Sydney Statement on Anti-Palestinianism |url=https://content.app-sources.com/s/59315283589963381/uploads/Images/The_Sydney_Statement_on_Anti_Palestinianism-1695486.pdf |access-date=7 December 2021 |publisher=Arab Australian Federation}} {{Refend}}
==External links== * [https://palsolidarity.org/2019/10/amazon-israel-and-the-occupation-of-palestine/ Amazon, Israel, and the Occupation of Palestine], International Solidarity Movement * [https://www.canarablaw.org/ Arab Canadian Lawyers Association Report: Anti-Palestinian Racism: Naming, Framing and Manifestations]
{{Palestine topics}} {{Discrimination}} {{Racism topics}} {{Anti-national sentiment}}
Category:Anti-Palestinian sentiment Category:Anti-Arabism Palestine Category:Racism