Allotheria

{{Short description|Extinct subclass of mammals}} {{automatic taxobox | name = Allotheria | fossil_range = {{fossilrange|Middle Jurassic|Eocene|earliest=Rhaetian|latest=17.5}} Possible Late Triassic record | taxon = Allotheria | image = Ptilodus skull.jpg | image_caption = Skull of ''Ptilodus'' (Multituberculata) | image2 = Adalatherium skull.svg | image2_caption = Skull of ''Adalatherium'' (Gondwanatheria) | authority = Marsh, 1880 | subdivision_ranks = Subgroups | subdivision = *{{extinct}}''Camptomus'' *{{extinct}}''Fractinus'' *{{extinct}}?''Cifelliodon'' *{{extinct}}''Megaconus'' *{{extinct}}''Kermackodon'' *†Gondwanatheria *?†Haramiyida *†Multituberculata }} [[File:Xianshou linglong skull.svg|left|thumb|Skull of ''Xianshou,'' a euharamiyidan]] '''Allotheria''' (from Ancient Greek αλλός (''allós''), meaning "other", and θηρίον (''theríon''), meaning "beast") is an extinct clade of theriiform mammals known from the Mesozoic and early Cenozoic. Shared characteristics of the group are the presence of lower molariform teeth equipped with longitudinal rows of cusps<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.app.pan.pl/article/item/app45-317.html |title=Review of the early allotherian mammals |first=P.M. |last= Butler |journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica |volume=45 |issue=4 |pages=317–342 |year=2000}}</ref> and enlarged incisors.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Hoffmann |first1=Simone |last2=Beck |first2=Robin M. D. |last3=Wible |first3=John R. |last4=Rougier |first4=Guillermo W. |last5=Krause |first5=David W. |date=2020-12-14 |title=Phylogenetic placement of Adalatherium hui (Mammalia, Gondwanatheria) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar: implications for allotherian relationships |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02724634.2020.1801706 |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |language=en |volume=40 |issue=sup1 |pages=213–234 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2020.1801706 |bibcode=2020JVPal..40S.213H |s2cid=230968231 |issn=0272-4634|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Typically, the canine teeth are also lost.<ref name=":0" /> Allotheria includes Multituberculata, Gondwanatheria (which may be part of Multituberculata, as the sister group to Cimolodonta),<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Krause |first1=D. W. |last2=Prasad |first2=G. V. R. |last3=von Koenigswald  |first3=W. |last4=Sahni |first4=A. |last5=Grine |first5=F. E. |journal=Nature |volume=390 |issue=6659 |pages=504–507 |doi=10.1038/37343 |year=1997 |title=Cosmopolitanism among Gondwanan Late Cretaceous mammals |url=http://www.anat.stonybrook.edu/dkrause/articles/1997_lavanify.pdf |bibcode=1997Natur.390..504K |s2cid=205025618 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100611222233/http://www.anat.stonybrook.edu/dkrause/articles/1997_lavanify.pdf |archive-date=2010-06-11 }}</ref><ref name="Krause, et al">{{Cite journal|last1=Krause |first1=David W. |author-link1=David W. Krause |last2=Hoffmann |first2=Simone |last3=Wible |first3=John R. |last4=Kirk |first4=E. Christopher |last5=Schultz |first5=Julia A. |last6=von Koenigswald |first6=Wighart |last7=Groenke |first7=Joseph R. |last8=Rossie |first8=James B. |others=O'Connor, Patrick M., Seiffert, Erik R., Dumont, Elizabeth R., Holloway, Waymon L., Rogers, Raymond R., Rahantarisoa, Lydia J., Kemp, Addison D., Andriamialison, Haingoson |date=2014-11-05 |issn=1476-4687 |title=First cranial remains of a gondwanatherian mammal reveal remarkable mosaicism |journal=Nature |publisher=Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited |volume= 515|issue= 7528|pages= 512–517|doi=10.1038/nature13922 |bibcode = 2014Natur.515..512K |pmid=25383528|s2cid=4395258 }}</ref><ref name="Drake">{{cite web |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/11/141105-mammal-evolution-vintana-fossil-science/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105183144/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/11/141105-mammal-evolution-vintana-fossil-science/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 5, 2014 |title=Fossil From Dinosaur Era Reveals Big Mammal With Super Senses |date=November 5, 2014 |first=Nadia |last=Drake |author-link=Nadia Drake |access-date=November 5, 2014 |website=nationalgeographic.com |publisher=National Geographic Society}}</ref><ref name="NYT-20141105-JNW">{{cite news |last=Wilford |first=John Noble |title=Fossil's Unusual Size and Location Offer Clues in Evolution of Mammals |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/06/science/madagascar-fossil-vintana-mammals-evolution.html |date=November 5, 2014 |work=The New York Times |access-date=November 6, 2014 }}</ref> and probably Haramiyida,<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Luo | first1 = Z.-X. | last2 = Kielan-Jaworowska | first2 = Z. | last3 = Cifelli | first3 = R.L. | year = 2002 | title = In quest for a phylogeny of Mesozoic mammals | journal = Acta Palaeontologica Polonica | volume = 47 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–78}}</ref> (sometimes only including Euharamiyida<ref name=":0" />) although some studies have recovered haramiyidans to be basal mammaliaforms unrelated to multituberculates.<ref name="PNAS-20151116-zzxl">{{cite journal |last1=Luo |first1=Zhe-Xi |last2=Gates |first2=Stephen M. |last3=Jenkins Jr. |first3=Farish A. |last4=Amaral |first4=William W. |last5=Shubin |first5=Neil H. |title=Mandibular and dental characteristics of Late Triassic mammaliaform Haramiyavia and their ramifications for basal mammal evolution |doi=10.1073/pnas.1519387112 |date=16 November 2015 |journal=PNAS |pages=E7101–E7109|bibcode=2015PNAS..112E7101L |pmc=4697399 |pmid=26630008 |volume=112|issue=51 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Allotherians are often placed as crown group mammals, more closely related to living marsupials and placentals (Theria) than to monotremes or eutriconodonts,<ref name=":0" /> though some studies place the entirety of Allotheria outside of crown Mammalia.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Mao |first1=Fangyuan |last2=Li |first2=Zhiyu |last3=Wang |first3=Zhili |last4=Zhang |first4=Chi |last5=Rich |first5=Thomas |last6=Vickers-Rich |first6=Patricia |last7=Meng |first7=Jin |date=2024-04-03 |title=Jurassic shuotheriids show earliest dental diversification of mammaliaforms |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07258-7 |journal=Nature |volume=628 |issue=8008 |pages=569–575 |language=en |doi=10.1038/s41586-024-07258-7 |pmid=38570681 |bibcode=2024Natur.628..569M |issn=0028-0836|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lopatin |first=A. V. |date=December 2019 |title=Modern Data on the Origin and Early Radiation of Mammals |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1134/S1062359019070082 |journal=Biology Bulletin |language=en |volume=46 |issue=7 |pages=744–750 |doi=10.1134/S1062359019070082 |issn=1062-3590|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

== References == {{Reflist}}

==Further reading== Zofia Kielan-Jaworowska, Richard L. Cifelli, and Zhe-Xi Luo, ''Mammals from the Age of Dinosaurs: Origins, Evolution, and Structure'' (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004), 249.

Category:Allotheria Category:Mammal taxonomy Category:Norian first appearances Category:Late Triassic first appearances Category:Miocene extinctions