Yvridiosuchus

{{Short description|Extinct genus of marine crocodilians}} {{Speciesbox | fossil_range = Middle Jurassic {{fossilrange|Bathonian}} | image = Yvridiosuchus.png | image_caption = Holotype of '''Y. boutilieri'' and referred specimen (holotype of "''S.''" ''meretrix'') | display_parents = 2 | genus = Yvridiosuchus | parent_authority = Johnson et al., 2019 | species = boutilieri | authority = (Eudes-Deslongchamps, 1868) | synonyms = *''Steneosaurus boutilieri'' Eudes-Deslongchamps, 1868 *''Teleosaurus brevidens'' Philips, 1871 *''"Steneosaurus" meretrix'' Phizackerley, 1951 }}

'''''Yvridiosuchus''''' (meaning "hybrid crocodile") is an extinct genus of machimosaurid crocodyliform from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian age) Cornbrash Formation of England and the ''Sommet de la Grande Oolithe'', Calvados, France.

==History== [[File:Yvridiosuchus skulls OUMNH.jpg|thumb|left|Four skulls assigned to ''Yvridiosuchus'' at the OUMNH; a skull assigned to ''Y. boutilieri'' (A), the holotype skull of "''Steneosaurus''" ''meretrix'' (B), a jaw assigned to ''Y. boutilieri'' (C) and the holotype skull of ''Y. boutilieri'' (D)]] The type species was originally named in 1868 as the species '''''Steneosaurus boutilieri'''''. The genus ''Steneosaurus'' was used as a longtime wastebasket taxon for various teleosauroid specimens and had more than a dozen species. The type species, ''Steneosaurus rostromajor'' is undiagnostic, making the genus and species dubious and invalid. Additionally, many species of so-called "''Steneosaurus''" were found to be quite different and unrelated to one another, thus needing new generic names.<ref name="Teleosauroidea">{{cite journal |last1=Johnson |first1=Michela M. |last2=Young |first2=Mark T. |last3=Brusatte |first3=Stephen L. |author-link3=Stephen L. Brusatte |date=2020 |title=The phylogenetics of Teleosauroidea (Crocodylomorpha, Thalattosuchia) and implications for their ecology and evolution |journal=PeerJ |volume=8 |article-number=e9808 |doi=10.7717/peerj.9808 |pmc=7548081 |pmid=33083104 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

In 2019, Michela Johnson and colleagues redescribed ''"Steneosaurus" boutillieri'', creating the new genus and combination ''Yvridiosuchus boutilieri''. Its name references its combination of traits seen in both more basal and more derived machimosaurids. They also found the species ''"Steneosaurus" meretrix''.

==Classification==

''Yvridiosuchus'' is the oldest known member of Machimosaurini, a clade of large, predatory machimosaurids with powerful jaws and teeth. ''Yvridiosuchus'' was named on the basis that it has characteristics of both earlier machimosaurids and the derived machimosaurins, such as conical, blunt teeth.

The cladogram below is from an analysis by Johnson and colleagues in 2020.<ref name="Teleosauroidea"/>

{{Clade|{{clade |1=''Macrospondylus bollensis'' |2={{clade |1=''Clovesuurdameredeor stephani'' |2={{clade |1=''Charitomenosuchus leedsi'' |2={{clade |1=''Seldsienean megistorhynchus'' |2={{clade |1=''Deslongchampsina larteti'' |label2=Machimosaurinae |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=''Proexochokefalos hebertii'' |2=cf. ''Proexochokefalos bouchardi''}} |2={{clade |1=''Neosteneosaurus edwardsi'' |2=''Andrianavoay baroni'' |label3=Machimosaurini |3={{clade |1=''Lemmysuchus obtusidens'' |2='''''Yvridiosuchus boutilieri''''' |3={{clade |1=''Machimosaurus buffetauti'' |2={{clade |1=''Machimosaurus mosae'' |2={{clade |1=''Machimosaurus rex'' |2=''Machimosaurus hugii''}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}|label1=Machimosauridae}}

==Ecology==

''Yvridiosuchus'' had large and powerful jaws, with very large muscle attachment sites. Additionally, this species possessed both conical and blunt dentition. All of this suggests that it was well adapted for feeding on large and armored prey items such as turtles and large fish.<ref name="eco">{{Cite journal |last1=Johnson |first1=M. M. |last2=Foffa |first2=D. |last3=Young |first3=M. T. |last4=Brusatte |first4=S. L. |author-link4=Stephen L. Brusatte |year=2022 |title=The ecological diversification and evolution of Teleosauroidea (Crocodylomorpha, Thalattosuchia), with insights into their mandibular biomechanics |journal=Ecology and Evolution |volume=12 |issue=11 |article-number=e9484 |bibcode=2022EcoEv..12E9484J |doi=10.1002/ece3.9484 |hdl=20.500.11820/07ef2706-2019-40ec-add6-6eb522f6f193 |pmc=9674474 |pmid=36415878 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref>

It co-existed with the more generalist machimosaurid ''Deslongchampsina'', showing how multpiple machimosaurids could coexist by focusing on different types of prey.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Johnson |first1=Michela M. |last2=Young |first2=Mark T. |last3=Brusatte |first3=Stephen L. |author-link3=Stephen L. Brusatte |year=2019 |title=Re-description of two contemporaneous mesorostrine teleosauroids (Crocodylomorpha: Thalattosuchia) from the Bathonian of England and insights into the early evolution of Machimosaurini |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=Advanced online publication |issue=2 |pages=449–482 |doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz037 |hdl=1842/36656 |hdl-access=free}}</ref>

==References== {{Reflist}}

Category:Thalattosuchia Category:Prehistoric pseudosuchian genera Category:Prehistoric marine crocodylomorphs Category:Middle Jurassic crocodylomorphs Category:Bathonian life Category:Middle Jurassic reptiles of Europe Category:Fossils of England Category:Fossils of France Category:Fossil taxa described in 1868 Category:Fossil taxa described in 2019