{{Short description|Extinct family of reptiles}} {{Automatic taxobox | fossil_range = Early Jurassic-Early Cretaceous, {{fossilrange|183|130}} | image = Steneosaurus bollensis 1.JPG | image_caption = ''Macrospondylus bollensis'' | taxon = Machimosauridae | authority = Jouve ''et al.'', 2016 | subdivision_ranks = Subgroups | subdivision = * {{Extinct}}''Charitomenosuchus'' * {{Extinct}}''Clovesuurdameredeor'' * {{Extinct}}''Deslongchampsina'' * {{Extinct}}''Macrospondylus'' * {{Extinct}}''Seldsienean'' * {{Extinct}}'''Machimosaurinae''' ** {{Extinct}}''Andrianavoay'' ** {{Extinct}}''Neosteneosaurus'' ** {{Extinct}}''Proexochokefalos'' ** {{Extinct}}'''Machimosaurini''' *** {{Extinct}}''Lemmysuchus'' *** {{Extinct}}''Machimosaurus'' *** {{Extinct}}''Yvridiosuchus'' }}
'''Machimosauridae''' is an extinct family of teleosauroid thalattosuchian crocodyliforms.<ref name=Johnson2020>{{cite journal |last1=Johnson |first1=Michela M. |last2=Young |first2=Mark T. |last3=Brusatte |first3=Stephen L. |title=The phylogenetics of Teleosauroidea (Crocodylomorpha, Thalattosuchia) and implications for their ecology and evolution |journal=PeerJ |date=2020 |volume=8 |article-number=e9808 | pmid=33083104| doi=10.7717/peerj.9808 |language=en |issn=2167-8359|doi-access=free |pmc=7548081 }} 50px Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License].</ref> The family was first identified in 2016,<ref name=Jouve2016>{{cite journal |author1=Stéphane Jouve |author2=Bastien Mennecart |author3=Julien Douteau |author4=Nour-Eddine Jalil |year=2016 |title=The oldest durophagous teleosauroid (Crocodylomorpha, Thalattosuchia) from the lower Bathonian of central High Atlas, Morocco |journal=Palaeontology |volume=59 |issue=6 |pages=863–876 |doi=10.1111/pala.12262 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2016Palgy..59..863J }}</ref> when fossils of teleosauroid thalattosuchians, including an indeterminate close relative of ''Lemmysuchus'' and ''Machimosaurus'', were described from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) of Morocco.<ref name=Jouve2016 /> The family was largely expanded in 2020 when the systematics of Teleosauroidea were re-reviewed.<ref name=Johnson2020 /> Members of this family generally were larger than the teleosaurids.<ref name="Johnson2020" />
== Classification == Machimosauridae is a diverse group of teleosauroids, phylogenetically defined in the ''PhyloCode'' by Mark T. Young and colleagues as "the largest clade within Teleosauroidea containing ''Machimosaurus hugii'', but not ''Teleosaurus cadomensis''."<ref =name="Youngetal2024" name=":1">{{cite journal |doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad165 |title=The history, systematics, and nomenclature of Thalattosuchia (Archosauria: Crocodylomorpha) |date=2024 |last1=Young |first1=Mark T. |last2=Wilberg |first2=Eric W. |last3=Johnson |first3=Michela M. |last4=Herrera |first4=Yanina |last5=De Andrade |first5=Marco Brandalise |last6=Brignon |first6=Arnaud |last7=Sachs |first7=Sven |last8=Abel |first8=Pascal |last9=Foffa |first9=Davide |last10=Fernández |first10=Marta S. |last11=Vignaud |first11=Patrick |last12=Cowgill |first12=Thomas |last13=Brusatte |first13=Stephen L. |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=200 |issue=2 |pages=547–617 |doi-access=free |hdl=20.500.11820/a60965ed-4772-40be-9e95-fc09cfe646b1 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> The less inclusive subfamily Machimosaurinae is defined in the ''PhyloCode'' as "the largest clade within Teleosauroidea containing ''Machimosaurus hugii'', but not ''Deslongchampsina larteti'', ''Macrospondylus bollensis'', and ''Charitomenosuchus leedsi''".<ref name=":1" /> The tribe Machimosaurini contains the largest, most robust, and latest living machimosaurids and is defined in the ''PhyloCode'' as "the largest clade within Teleosauroidea containing ''Machimosaurus hugii'', but not ''Neosteneosaurus edwardsi''".<ref name=":1" /> The members of the Machimosauridae share several unique characters among teleosauroids, which are:<ref name="Johnson2020" />
* dorsally oriented external nares * the premaxillary anterior and anterolateral margins are not sub-vertical and do not extend ventrally * the premaxilla-maxilla suture is sub-rectangular and slightly interdigitating (most noticeably near the midline) * no anterolateral expansion of the supratemporal fenestrae * the postorbital is excluded from the orbit posteroventral margin * a mostly horizontal pterygoid with a distinct posterolateral angle * the cultriform process of the basisphenoid is exposed and bifurcates the pterygoids
The phylogenetic relationships of the Machimosauridae were analyzed in a comprehensive analysis of teleosauroid relationships. The results of the analysis are shown below:<ref name="Johnson2020" /> {{Clade|{{clade |1=''Macrospondylus bollensis'' |2={{clade |1=''Clovesuurdameredeor stephani'' |2={{clade |1=''Charitomenosuchus leedsi'' |2={{clade |1=''Seldsienean megistorhynchus'' |2={{clade |1=''Deslongchampsina larteti'' |label2=Machimosaurinae |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=''Proexochokefalos hebertii'' |2=cf. ''Proexochokefalos bouchardi''}} |2={{clade |1=''Neosteneosaurus edwardsi'' |2=''Andrianavoay baroni'' |label3=Machimosaurini |3={{clade |1=''Lemmysuchus obtusidens'' |2=''Yvridiosuchus boutilieri'' |3={{clade |1=''Machimosaurus buffetauti'' |2={{clade |1=''Machimosaurus mosae'' |2={{clade |1=''Machimosaurus rex'' |2=''Machimosaurus hugii''}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}|label1='''Machimosauridae'''}}
== Evolution == Machimosaurids grew in body size and diversified feeding strategies throughout their evolutionary history. Primitive machimosaurids, such as ''Macrospondylus'' and ''Charitomenosuchus'', were longirostrine (long-snouted) generalists with body lengths less than {{Convert|5|m|ft|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="Johnson2020" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Young|first1=Mark T.|last2=Rabi|first2=Márton|last3=Bell|first3=Mark A.|last4=Foffa|first4=Davide|last5=Steel|first5=Lorna|last6=Sachs|first6=Sven|last7=Peyer|first7=Karin|title=Big-headed marine crocodyliforms and why we must be cautious when using extant species as body length proxies for long-extinct relatives|url=https://palaeo-electronica.org/content/2016/1554-teleosaurid-size-estimation|journal=Palaeontologia Electronica|date=2016 |language=English|volume=19|issue=3|pages=1–14|doi=10.26879/648|issn=1094-8074|doi-access=free}}</ref> Machimosaurines originated in the Bathonian stage of the Middle Jurassic and simultaneously underwent a decrease in snout length but an increase in body size with ''Neosteneosaurus'' reaching up to {{Convert|6.6|m|ft|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="Johnson2020" /><ref name=":0" /> Machimosaurins were the largest teleosauroids, with body lengths up to {{Convert|7.1|m|ft|abbr=on}} (''Machimosaurus rex''), and were durophagous hunters, meaning they fed on hard prey.<ref name="Johnson2020" /><ref name=":0" />
==References== {{Reflist}}
{{Thalattosuchia}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q98901556}}
Category:Thalattosuchia Category:Pseudosuchian families