{{Short description|Soviet conductor (1890–1971)}} {{family name hatnote|Fyodorovich|Fayer|lang=Eastern Slavic}} {{Infobox musical artist | name = Yuri Fayer | native_name_lang = ru | native_name = {{nobold|Юрий Файер}} | image = 200px | alt = | caption = Fayer in 1941 | birth_name = Aria Fayer | birth_date = {{birth date|1890|1|17}} | birth_place = Kiev, Russian Empire (present-day Ukraine) | death_date = {{death date and age|1971|8|3|1890|1|17}} | death_place = Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union | nationality = | other_names = | occupation = Conductor | genre = Classical | instrument = Violin }}
'''Yuri Fyodorovich Fayer'''{{efn|name=spelling|{{bulleted list|{{langx|ru|Юрий Фёдорович Файер|{{transliteration|ru|Yury Fyodorovich Fayer}}}}, sometimes given as ''Faier''|{{langx|uk|Юрій Федорович Файєр|{{transliteration|uk|ukrainian|Yurii Fedorovych Faiier}}}}}}}} ({{OldStyleDate|17 January|1890|5 January}} – 3 August 1971, born '''Aria'''){{efn|{{langx|ru|Ария Фаер|{{transliteration|ru|Ariya Fayer}}}}}}{{citation needed|date=November 2024}} was a Soviet conductor specializing in ballet. He was the chief ballet conductor at the Bolshoi Theatre from 1923 to 1963.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=lzyecP30y0AC&dq=yuri+fayer&pg=PA84 Jack Miller, ''Jews in Soviet Culture'']</ref>
Fayer's range extended from the classical repertoire (he conducted over 400 performances of Tchaikovsky's ''Swan Lake'' alone)<ref name=amaz>[https://www.amazon.com/Tchaikovsky-Sleeping-Beauty-Nutcracker-Highlights/product-reviews/B00005B5NV amazon]</ref> through to new ballets by composers such as Shostakovich and Prokofiev. His world premieres included two of Prokofiev's ballets: ''Cinderella'' (1945) and (posthumously) ''The Tale of the Stone Flower'' (1954). He was held in greet esteem by such dancers as Galina Ulanova and Maya Plisetskaya.<ref name=russ/>
==Biography== Yuri Fayer was born in Kiev on 17 January 1890 (ns).<ref name=russ>[http://www.russiandvd.com/store/person.asp?id=17754&media=2&type=artist&genreid=&fullbiography=1 Russian dvd] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206025350/http://www.russiandvd.com/store/person.asp?id=17754&media=2&type=artist&genreid=&fullbiography=1 |date=February 6, 2016 }}</ref> He was an early starter on the violin, giving his first concert at age 11, joining the Kiev Opera orchestra at 14, and entering the Moscow Conservatory at 16. He was unable to complete his studies, as he needed to work to make ends meet. He worked at the opera house in Riga and formed his own touring orchestra, before returning to Moscow in 1914 and re-entering the Conservatory, while also playing violin at the Bolshoi Theatre. His earlier experience as a conductor stood him in good stead, and before long he was asked to conduct at the Bolshoi, where he became an institution.<ref name=russ/> In 1923 he became chief ballet conductor at the Bolshoi, a post he retained for 40 years, until 1963.
On Christmas Eve 1925, he conducted the Bolshoi orchestra in works by Beethoven, Litolff and Tchaikovsky to accompany the world premiere of Sergei Eisenstein's film ''Battleship Potemkin''. (The film's official soundtrack, composed by Edmund Meisel, was not heard until its Berlin premiere in 1926.<ref>[http://www.kennedy-center.org/calendar/?fuseaction=composition&composition_id=4058 Kennedy Centre]</ref>)
In 1933, he conducted the world premiere of the ballet ''The Flames of Paris'', choreography by Vasili Vainonen, music by Boris Asafyev.<ref>[http://www.bolshoimoscow.com/index.html?sid=GLE_1&lang=eng&perfomance=1872&page=catalog Bolshoi Moscow.com]</ref>
Fayer met frequently with Sergei Prokofiev while he was writing his ballet ''Romeo and Juliet''.<ref name=notes>Yuri Faier, "Notes of a Ballet Conductor", ''Anglo-Soviet Journal'', June 1961</ref> The composer's original conception was one in which the protagonists do not die. Yuri Fayer was one of those who convinced the composer to change the ending.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2008/nov/03/mark-morris-romeo-juliet-ballet ''The Guardian'', 3 November 2008]</ref> He led the Bolshoi Ballet's first staging of the ballet (it had had its world premiere in Czechoslovakia).
In November 1945, he directed the world premiere of Prokofiev's ballet ''Cinderella''.<ref>[https://archive.today/20130416023757/http://www.seattlesymphony.org/symphony/buy/single/programnotes.aspx?id=3434 Seattle Symphony]</ref>
In February 1954, eleven months after the composer's death, saw Fayer premiering Prokofiev's ballet ''The Tale of the Stone Flower''.
Gennady Rozhdestvensky was Fayer's assistant conductor from 1951 to 1961.<ref>[http://www.naxos.com/person/Gennady_Rozhdestvensky_32223/32223.htm Naxos]</ref> They were jointly nominated for the 1958 Academy Award for Best Music, Scoring of a Musical Picture for the film ''The Bolshoi Ballet''.<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0265321/awards IMdB]</ref>{{better source needed |date=December 2022}}
Apart from his world premieres, Fayer directed the first Bolshoi Theatre performances of many ballets, including: * Asafyev's ''The Fountain of Bakhchisarai'' (1936) * Minkus's ''Don Quixote'' (1940) * Glière's ''The Red Poppy'' (1949; he worked with Glière during the writing of the work, and it was he who suggested using the folksong "Little Apple" in the final Russian Sailors Dance<ref name=notes/>) * Glière's''The Bronze Horseman'' * Shostakovich's ''The Limpid Stream'' * Khachaturian's ''Gayane'' (1957) and ''Spartacus'' (1958). In later years he became almost blind but continued to conduct.<ref>[http://auguste.vestris.free.fr/Essays/NadiaNerina.html Recollections of Nadia Nerina]</ref><ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1489673/Raissa-Struchkova.html ''The Telegraph'', 10 May 2005]</ref> He retired in 1963.<ref name=amaz/> He died on 3 August 1971.<ref name=russ/><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=wggEAAAAMBAJ&dq=yuri+fayer&pg=PA42 ''Billboard'', 4 September 1971]</ref>
==Honours== * People's Artist of the USSR (1951) * Two Stalin Prizes first degree (1946, 1947) * Two Stalin Prizes second degree (1941, 1950)
==Recordings== * Adolphe Adam: ''Giselle'', Orchestra of the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden<ref name=ms>[http://www.musicstack.com/records-cds/yuri+fayer music stack]</ref> * Léo Delibes, ''Coppelia'', Orchestra of the Bolshoi Theatre<ref name=ms/><ref>[http://www.discogs.com/Yuri-Fayer-Delibes-Copp%C3%A9lia/release/1869016 discogs]</ref> * Alexander Glazunov, ''Raymonda'' Suite<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=hQ0EAAAAMBAJ&dq=yuri+fayer&pg=PA41 Billboard, 18 April 1953]</ref> * Glazunov: ''Baryshnya-sluzhanka'' [Барышня-служанка] (''Les ruses d'amour''), Op. 61 * Reinhold Glière, ''The Red Poppy'', Bolshoi Theatre Orchestra<ref name=ms/><ref>[http://www.haydnhouse.com/hh13.htm haydn house]</ref> * Sergei Prokofiev: ''Cinderella'', Bolshoi Theatre Orchestra<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160305162815/https://itunes.apple.com/au/album/cinderella/id107899712 itunes]</ref> * Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky: Suite from ''Swan Lake''<ref>[http://www.cduniverse.com/search/xx/music/artist/Yuri+Fayer/a/albums.htm cduniverse]</ref> * Various – ''The Best of the Bolshoi Ballet''<ref>[http://www.prestoclassical.co.uk/dg.php?k=8&w=Ballet Presto Classical] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028070151/http://www.prestoclassical.co.uk/dg.php?k=8&w=Ballet |date=October 28, 2012 }}</ref>
==Notes== {{notelist}}
==References== {{reflist}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Fayer, Yuri Fyodorovich}} Category:1890 births Category:1971 deaths Category:Soviet conductors (music) Category:Ballet conductors Category:Jewish classical musicians Category:People's Artists of the USSR Category:Recipients of the Stalin Prize Category:20th-century Russian conductors (music) Category:Russian male conductors (music) Category:20th-century Russian male musicians Category:Moscow Conservatory alumni