Yapurarra

{{short description |Aboriginal people from the Pilbara, Western Australia}} {{use dmy dates|date=February 2017}} {{Use Australian English|date=August 2018}} The '''Yapurarra''' or '''Jaburara''', also rendered '''Yaburara''', are an Aboriginal Australian people whose traditional lands are in the Pilbara region of Western Australia and the Dampier Archipelago.

==Language== The Jaburara language (Yaburarra) is thought to have been similar to Ngarluma, part of the Ngayarda languages.{{sfn|Thieberger|1993|p=100}}

==Country== The Jaburara owned some {{convert|200|mi2|km2|order=flip}} of territory from around Dampier, Burrup, Nichol Bay and the peninsula northwards to the Dolphin and Legendre islands.{{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=242}}

==Early contact== During one of Phillip Parker King's voyages on {{HMS|Mermaid|1817|6}} to survey the Australian coast, an attempt was made to communicate in February 1817 with members of the tribe, three of whom had been sighted off-shore floating on a log in the vicinity of present-day Karratha. The intermediary used was the ship's interpreter Bungaree, who, speaking the Broken Bay Dharug language could not understand them, but managed to calm their anxieties by undressing and showing he wore ritual scars.{{sfn|Shellam|2015|pp=89–91}}

==Resistance and extinction== The Jaburara, together with other local tribes such as the Ngarluma and Mardu-Dunera, fought against the colonization of their lands by white settlers.{{sfn|Stannage|1981|p=99}} According to an American whaler at the time, the law that accompanied settlement in their region could be summed up as "a word and a blow: the blow, which is generally fatal, coming first".{{sfn|Gibbs|2010|p=28}} In 1868, near the present-day township of Roebourne, in an area known in the local language as Murujuga, two policemen and a native tracker had been killed. The suspects, three Jaburara men, were duly caught and sentenced to imprisonment. Two parties, made up of north coast pearlers and settler pastoralists, had been given permission by the district authority to apply lethal force "with discretion and judgement",{{sfn|Knafla|2016|p=79}} and they attacked Jaburara encampments in a pincer movement. In what is now known as the Flying Foam massacre it has been estimated that up to 60 Jaburara were killed.{{sfn|Knafla|2016|p=79}} In one camp alone, some 15 were killed.{{sfn|Gara|1983|pp=85–94}} Following the La Grange massacre, this episode constitutes the second known example of the use of massacre to forcibly remove an indigenous north western population.{{sfn|Walsh|2015}} One small "family" was recorded in the first half of the 20th century as still surviving{{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=242}} but the massacre effectively cut off the tribe's connections to the islands.{{sfn|Veth|2015}}

==Heritage== The Jaburara heritage is attested by rock quarries, extensive archaic petroglyphs, grindstones used by native women to make flour from native seeds, nomadic camps, and middens to be found along the Jaburara Heritage Trail, which winds through an area containing some of the most extensive remains of ancient Aboriginal rock art, some dating back 25,000 years.{{sfn|Van Driesum|2002|p=343}}{{sfn|Flood|1999|pp=66–67}}

==Alternative names== * ''Jaburara-ngaluma'' (northern Ngaluma) * ''Jaburrara-ngarluma'' * ''Madoitja'' (perhaps){{sfn|Tindale|1974}}

==Notes and references== {{notelist}}

===Notes=== {{Reflist|20em}}

===References=== {{refbegin|30em}} *{{Cite web| title = AIATSIS map of Indigenous Australia | date = 10 November 2022 | publisher = AIATSIS | url = https://aiatsis.gov.au/explore/articles/aiatsis-map-indigenous-australia | ref = {{harvid|AIATSIS}} }} *{{Cite web | title = Tindale Tribal Boundaries | publisher = Department of Aboriginal Affairs, Western Australia | url = https://www.daa.wa.gov.au/globalassets/pdf-files/maps/state/tindale_daa.pdf | date = September 2016 | ref = {{harvid|TTB|2016}} | access-date = 1 December 2017 | archive-date = 8 March 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160308145114/https://www.daa.wa.gov.au/globalassets/pdf-files/maps/state/tindale_daa.pdf | url-status = dead }} *{{Cite book| title = The Riches of Ancient Australia: An Indispensable Guide for Exploring Prehistoric Australia | edition = 3rd | last = Flood | first = Josephine | year = 1999 | publisher = University of Queensland Press | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=k9x8AAAAMAAJ | isbn = 978-0-702-23083-7 }} *{{Cite book| chapter = The Flying Foam Massacre: An Incident on the North-west Frontier | last = Gara | first = Tom | year = 1983 | title = Archaeology at ANZAAS | editor-last = Smith | editor-first = Moya | publisher = Western Australian Museum | pages = 86–94 }} *{{Cite book| title = The Shore Whalers of Western Australia: Historical Archaeology of a Maritime Frontier | last = Gibbs | first = Martin | year = 2010 | publisher = Sydney University Press | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=wwYDObZmJDAC&pg=PA28 | isbn = 978-0-855-64181-8 }} *{{Cite book| chapter = Policing Aboriginal People on the Settler Frontier | last = Knafla | first = Louis A. | year = 2016 | title = Fragile Settlements: Aboriginal Peoples, Law, and Resistance in South-West Australia and Prairie Canada | editor1-last = Nettelbeck | editor1-first = Amanda | editor2-last = Smandych | editor2-first = Russell | editor3-last = Knafla | editor3-first = Louis A. | publisher = University of British Columbia Press | pages = 62–83 | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=fFeTCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA79 | isbn = 978-0-774-83091-1 }} *{{Cite book| chapter = Mediating Encounters through bodies and talk | last = Shellam | first = Tiffany | year = 2015 | title = Indigenous Intermediaries: New perspectives on exploration archives | editor1-last = Konishi | editor1-first = Shino | editor2-last = Nugent | editor2-first = Maria | editor3-last = Shellam | editor3-first = Tiffany | publisher = Australian National University Press | pages = 85–102 | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=gXpQCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA90 | isbn = 978-1-925-02277-3 }} *{{Cite book| title = A New History of Western Australia | last = Stannage | first = Tom | author-link = Tom Stannage | year = 1981 | publisher = University of West Australia Press | isbn = 978-0-855-64181-8 }} *{{Cite book| title = Indigenous People and the Pilbara Mining Boom: A Baseline for Regional Participation | last1 = Taylor | first1 = John | last2 = Scambary | first2 = B. | year = 2005 | publisher = Australian National University Press | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ePCm5gJnbgEC&pg=PA46 | isbn = 978-1-920-94254-0 }} *{{Cite book| title = Handbook of Western Australian Aboriginal Languages South of the Kimberley Region | last = Thieberger | first = Nicholas | year = 1993 | publisher = Department of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies }} *{{Cite book| title = Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names | last = Tindale | first = Norman Barnett | author-link = Norman Tindale | year = 1974 | publisher = Australian National University Press | url = http://archives.samuseum.sa.gov.au/tindaletribes/jaburara.htm | archive-date = 20 March 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200320020206/http://archives.samuseum.sa.gov.au/tindaletribes/jaburara.htm | isbn = 978-0-708-10741-6 }} *{{Cite book| title = Outback Australia | last = Van Driesum | first = Rob | year = 2002 | publisher = Lonely Planet | isbn = 9781864501872 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=8-jO2cfz-VwC&pg=PA343 }} *{{Cite journal | title = Exile in the Kingdom: The Struggle for Cultural Heritage in the Pilbara | last = Veth | first = Peter | journal = Cultural Anthropology | url = http://fara.com.au/node/28 | date = 17 December 2015 | archive-date = 30 May 2016 | access-date = 6 October 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160530011053/http://fara.com.au/node/28 | url-status = dead }} *{{Cite journal | title = A History of Forced Removal: Diminishing Returns in the Northwest of Western Australia | last = Walsh | first = Aileen | journal = Cultural Anthropology | url = https://culanth.org/fieldsights/763-a-history-of-forced-removal-diminishing-returns-in-the-northwest-of-western-australia | date = 17 December 2015 | archive-date = 9 October 2016 | access-date = 6 October 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161009202033/https://culanth.org/fieldsights/763-a-history-of-forced-removal-diminishing-returns-in-the-northwest-of-western-australia | url-status = dead }} {{refend}}

==External links== *{{cite web|url=https://www.murujuga.org.au/about/ |website=Murujuga Aboriginal Corporation (MAC)|title=About}}

Category:Aboriginal peoples of Western Australia Category:Extinct languages of Western Australia Category:History of Indigenous Australians Category:History of Western Australia Category:Ngayarda languages Category:Pilbara