{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}} {{Use Australian English|date=February 2012}} {{Infobox Australian place | type = town | name = Roebourne | native_name = {{nativename|nrl|Yirramagardu}} | state = wa | image = Roeburne DSC04123.JPG | caption = Roebourne Tourist Centre (formerly the entrance to Roebourne Gaol) | lga = City of Karratha | local_map = yes | zoom = 10 | coordinates = {{coord|20|46|00|S|117|09|00|E|display=inline,title}} | postcode = 6718 | pop = <!--leave blank to draw the latest automatically from Wikidata--> | area = {{wikidata|property|raw|P2046}} | est = Proclaimed a township on 17 August 1866 | stategov = [[Electoral district of North West|North West]] | fedgov = [[Division of Durack|Durack]] | dist1 = 202 | location1= [[Port Hedland, Western Australia|Port Hedland]] | dist2 = 1563 | location2= Perth | dist3 = 38 | location3= [[Karratha, Western Australia|Karratha]] | maxtemp = 34.0 | mintemp = 20.5 | rainfall = 311.3 | elevation = 12 }}
'''Roebourne''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|oʊ|b|ər|n}}, also known by its [[Ngarluma language|Ngarluma]] name '''Ieramugadu''' (also spelled '''Yirramagardu'''), is a town in [[Western Australia]]'s [[Pilbara]] region. It is 35 km from Karratha, 202 km from [[Port Hedland, Western Australia|Port Hedland]] and 1,563 km from [[Perth]], the state's capital. It is the only town on the North West Coastal Highway between Binnu and Fitzroy Crossing; over 2,000km. It is located within the [[City of Karratha]]. It prospered during its [[gold boom]] of the late 19th century and was once the largest settlement between [[Darwin, Northern Territory|Darwin]] and Perth. At the {{CensusAU|2016}}, Roebourne and the surrounding area had a population of 981.<ref name=Census>{{Census 2016 AUS|id=SSC51294|name=Roebourne (state suburb) |accessdate=22 January 2018|quick=on}}</ref>
==Toponymy== Roebourne's name honours [[John Septimus Roe]], the first [[Surveyor General of Western Australia]].<ref>{{LandInfo WA|c|R|2007-01-17}}</ref>
The name {{lang|nrl|Ieramugadu}}, also spelt {{lang|nrl|Yirramagardu}}, is used by the local [[Aboriginal Australians|Aboriginal]] community to refer to the town. It is the [[Ngarluma language|Ngarluma]] word<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Wangka Maya |title=Ngarluma Dictionary English Ngarluma Wordlist and Topical Wordlists|publisher=Wangka Maya Pilbara Aboriginal Language Centre |year=2008 |location=Roebourne, Western Australia}}</ref> for a native fig (''[[Ficus]]'') species that is found in and around the area.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Juluwarlu Aboriginal Corporation |title=Wanggalili : Yindjibarndi and Ngarluma plants |publisher=Juluwarlu |year=2003 |isbn=1875946543}}</ref> Native figs are a food source for [[traditional owners]].<ref name="ac tabf">{{cite web |last1=Welch |first1=David M. |title=Traditional Aboriginal Bush Foods |url=https://www.aboriginalculture.com.au/bush-foods/ |website=Aboriginal Culture: Introduction to Australia's Aboriginal Culture |access-date=9 December 2025 |language=en}}</ref> Archaeological evidence indicates human occupation of the area for over 40,000 years.{{cn|date=August 2024}}
==History== Roebourne is on the traditional lands of the [[Ngarluma]] people, who have occupied the area for tens of thousands of years.<ref name=":0" /> Many Ngarluma people, alongside other [[traditional owner]] populations, continue to live in Roebourne, and continue to practise [[Indigenous Australian customary law|traditional law]], culture and language. Ngarluma and [[Yindjibarndi]] people are represented by the Ngarluma and Yindjibarndi Foundation Ltd and their respective prescribed body corporates. Ngarluma people hold [[native title]] rights for the Roebourne area.
The [[Pilbara]] region was explored by [[Francis Thomas Gregory]] in 1861. He and his exploration party arrived at the head of [[Nickol Bay]], landing near what was to become Roebourne, and travelling about {{convert|60|km|-1}} inland to present-day [[Millstream Station]]. Gregory regarded the area as highly suitable for pastoral settlement. The first British settlers, including Gregory's cousin Emma Withnell and her young family, arrived in the Roebourne area in 1863. The Withnells established themselves on the banks of the [[Harding River]] 13 km from the coast, where they had access to a reasonable fresh water supply, and took up {{convert|30,000|acre|km2|lk=in}} at the foot of Mount Welcome. In common with many settlers at the time, they hired local [[Aboriginal Australians|Aboriginal]] people to work on their properties as shepherds, labourers and shearers.{{cn|date=August 2024}}
By 1865, the population of the area had grown to about 200, and the Withnells' property served as a local hub, with John Withnell opening a store and providing cartage services to the other settlers. Prior to the construction of a church in the area, services were held in their home.{{cn|date=August 2024}}
The [[Resident minister|government resident]], [[Robert John Sholl]], arrived in November 1865<ref>[http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-page6579241, ''The Inquirer & Commercial News'', 10 January 1866, p3.]</ref> from the failed Camden Harbour settlement (near [[Kuri Bay]]) to provide assistance in developing the region and set up camp near the Withnells' home while trying to find a suitable townsite. He eventually decided to locate the town at his camp and, on 17 August 1866, after surveyor Charles Wedge drew a draft plan consisting of 106 lots, Roebourne became the first gazetted town in the North West. It became the region's administrative centre and various government buildings, shops, services and hotels set up business. Sholl was [[justice of the peace]], district registrar and magistrate, and he was concerned with the plight of the local Aboriginal people and made submissions to the Government to ensure they had basic rights.<ref>Wendy Birman, '[https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/sholl-robert-john-4576 Sholl, Robert John (1819–1886)]', ''[[Australian Dictionary of Biography]]'', Volume 6, Melbourne University Press, 1976, pp 121-122.</ref>
Many European men located in Roebourne in the late 1800s were directly and indirectly perpetrators of the [[Flying Foam massacre]] committed on the Murujuga area against the Yaburrara people. There are streets in Roebourne that are still named after those connected with the atrocities, including Sholl Street.{{cn|date=August 2024}}
In 1872, the town was destroyed by a cyclone.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/3752061/724042 |title=Country News|newspaper=[[The Perth Gazette and West Australian Times]] |date=17 May 1872 |access-date=3 November 2022 |page=3 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref> Many of the buildings from shortly after this time are heritage-listed. A number of the heritage buildings were the work of the eminent [[Public Works Department (Western Australia)|Public Works Department]] architect [[George Temple-Poole]]. <gallery mode="packed"> File:Roebourne, Holy Trinity Church.jpg|[[Holy Trinity Anglican Church, Roebourne|Holy Trinity Anglican Church]] {{nowrap|(1883 / 1894–95)}} File:Former Roebourne Gaol by G Temple-Poole.jpg|Former Roebourne Gaol by G Temple-Poole File:Roebourne Courthouse, G Temple Poole (1886).jpg|Roebourne Courthouse, G Temple Poole (1886) File:Former Roebourne Shire Offices (1888).jpg|Former Roebourne Shire Offices (1888) File:Roebourne Post Office by G Temple-Poole (1887).jpg|Roebourne Post Office by G. Temple-Poole, built by [[Bunnings|Bunning Bros]] (1887)<ref>{{cite news |title=District News |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/212630408 |access-date=15 June 2020 |work=Victorian Express |date=28 January 1888 |location=Geraldton, WA |page=3}}</ref> </gallery>
The Old Roebourne Gaol commenced construction in 1896, the stones being quarried and laid by Aboriginal prisoners who were detained there in extremely harsh conditions between 1896 and 1923.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mackintosh |first=Angus |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-04-05/old-roebourne-gaol-future-uncertain/100044676 |title=Old Roebourne Gaol's future uncertain, but scars of its past remain indelible |publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date=5 April 2021 |access-date=3 November 2022}}</ref> It was used again between 1975 and 1984 before the opening of a new [[Roebourne Regional Prison]], which remains controversial as temperatures in the area can reach {{convert|50|C}} and cells have no air-conditioning.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dollery |first1=Rebecca |last2=Searson |first2=Amelia |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-10-31/roebourne-prison-air-conditioning-custody-death/101575988 |title=No decision about air conditioning at Roebourne Prison, as another summer of heatwaves looms |publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date=31 October 2022 |access-date=3 November 2022}}</ref>
The site of the Withnells' house, which was rebuilt in 1937 by a later owner, is on Hampton Street at the foot of Mount Welcome.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heritage.wa.gov.au/register/PDF_Files/M%20-%20A-D/Mount%20Welcome%20House%20(P-AD).PDF|title=Register of Heritage Places – Mount Welcome House, Roebourne|date=30 October 1998|access-date=2006-11-19 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060821005224/http://heritage.wa.gov.au/register/PDF_Files/M+-+A-D/Mount+Welcome+House+(P-AD).PDF <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 2006-08-21}} – includes a broad history of the town of Roebourne.</ref>
[[Gold]] from [[Nullagine, Western Australia|Nullagine]], discovered in 1878, and surrounding [[copper]] and [[tin]] mines contributed to Roebourne's prosperity in the 1880s and 1890s. With the decline of both, Roebourne lost the majority of its European population and became a shadow of its former self. Remnants from that era of prosperity are various National Trust buildings around the town.{{cn|date=August 2024}}
The area was struck by another cyclone in 1925 that destroyed the Port Samson jetty and lifted the Pope's Nose bridge from the river bed. Several buildings were also destroyed with the town's residents seeking refuge in public brick buildings during the storm.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2036711 |title=North-West Cyclone|newspaper=[[The Argus (Melbourne)|The Argus]] |location=Melbourne, Victoria |date=4 February 1925 |access-date=21 September 2013 |page=17 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref>
Until the 1960s, Roebourne was a non-Indigenous town operating as a regional administrative centre, with strict controls and curfews placed on movement of Aboriginal people to, from and within the town. Most Aboriginal people were confined to camps and reserves a few kilometres away. However, as mining companies seeking to exploit the [[iron ore]] in the region constructed other company towns such as [[Dampier, Western Australia|Dampier]] and [[Wickham, Western Australia|Wickham]] for their workers, and as pastoralism declined, and with changing attitudes to [[Aboriginal Australians|Aboriginal]] welfare at governmental level in the late 1960s, Roebourne became a majority Aboriginal town as people moved out of the crowded camps and reserves, and from the outlying stations.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/39943/3/CAEPRWP24.pdf|title=Working Paper 24/2004 – Early Indigenous engagement with mining in the Pilbara|publisher=Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research, [[Australian National University|ANU]]|page=7 (folio 3)|access-date=2006-11-19}}</ref>
In later years, Roebourne became notorious for the struggles between [[Indigenous Australians|Aboriginal people]] and [[police]] that were documented in a federal report dealing with Aboriginal deaths in custody,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/other/IndigLRes/rciadic/individual/brm_jpp/|title=Report of the Inquiry into the death of John Peter Pat|work=Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody|date=15 April 1991|access-date=2015-09-29}} An additional, less detailed report can be found for [http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/special/rsjproject/rsjlibrary/rciadic/individual/ginger/index.html Ginger Samson] at the same site.</ref> which were documented as a major issue in Aboriginal affairs from the 1980s onwards. The report showed that Roebourne (with a largely Aboriginal population of 1,200) had ratios of police to citizens that were five times that of towns in more settled parts of Western Australia.{{cn|date=August 2024}}
==Present day== Currently Roebourne serves the passing [[North West Coastal Highway|highway]] traffic and tourism, especially as the gateway to many [[Protected areas of Western Australia|national parks]] in the interior. The town's education needs are met by the Roebourne School (built in 1905), a K-12 school serving about 250 Aboriginal students. Roebourne also contains a [[TAFE]] campus, library and [[telecentre]], as well as 3 tiny hospitals. Each no bigger than the size of a small house. Many other services are provided from [[Karratha, Western Australia|Karratha]], 40 km away.{{cn|date=August 2024}}
The area is home to the Ngarluma people, but many [[Yindjibarndi]] and [[Panyjima people|Banyjima]] people previously from outlying stations also live in the town.{{cn|date=August 2024}}
The Ganalili Centre is an Aboriginal-owned cultural space. It is a reclamation of the Victoria Hotel, infamous for a 1983 incident where after a fight [[Death of John Pat|John Pat]], a sixteen-year-old Yindjibarndi boy died in a police cell.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-02 |title=‘Bad things happened there’: how a notorious Pilbara pub became a symbol of hope |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2022/nov/02/victoria-hotel-in-roebourne-how-notorious-pilbara-pub-became-ganalili-centre-western-australia |access-date=2022-12-09 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref>
The Old Roebourne General Store, now known as the Ieramugadu Store Maya, is owned and operated by the [[Ngarluma Yindjibarndi Foundation Ltd (NYFL)]] as a ‘social supermarket’ alongside a social enterprise cafe, where local First Nations people undertake employment and training.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-24 |title=Ieramugadu Store Maya honoured at Social Enterprise Awards |url=https://www.pilbaranews.com.au/news/pilbara-news/roebournes-ieramugadu-store-maya-honoured-at-wa-social-enterprise-awards-c-19135556 |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=Pilbara News |language=en}}</ref>
== Ngarluma Yindjibarndi Foundation Ltd == The [[Ngarluma Yindjibarndi Foundation Ltd]] (NYFL) is the lead Traditional Owner organisation in Roebourne. NYFL is made up by two First Nations, the Ngarluma people and the Yindjibarndi people. The two nations came together in 1998 to form NYFL as the traditional owner representative organisation to deliver social impact and self-determination for the Roebourne community and NYFL membership. NYFL is a party to the Land Access Agreement for the area on which the [[Woodside Energy|Woodside]]-operated [[North West Shelf Venture|North West Shelf project]] operates. However, NYFL does not receive royalties under this agreement.
For decades, NYFL has delivered the award winning Warrgamugardi Yirdiyabura (WY) Program, which promotes economic self-determination for Roebourne Ngarda-ngarli (Aboriginal people).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-02 |title=NYFL RECOGNISED AS THE BEST |url=https://www.ngaardamedia.com.au/news/nyfl-recognised-as-the-best |access-date=2024-07-09 |website=Ngaarda Media |language=en-NZ}}</ref>
In 2018 NYFL entered voluntary administration, having accumulated a major tax debt under former CEO Evan Maloney.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-03-19 |title=Roebourne Aboriginal group under administration |url=https://www.pilbaranews.com.au/news/pilbara-news/roebourne-aboriginal-corporation-goes-into-administration-ng-b88775119z |access-date=2024-07-09 |website=Pilbara News |language=en}}</ref> General Manager Bruce Jorgensen was provided an opportunity as CEO, however, he too was removed as CEO due to sub-standard performance. Jorgensen was offered a second chance to lead NYFL’s subsidiary commercial arm, however, by mid 2022, the Commercial Arm, which had been temporarily rebranded as Garlbagu under Jorgensen, lost approximately a $1,700,000 in a single financial year. During Jorgensen’s short tenure, the entity accumulated major tax liabilities and was later forced to sell assets, much to the frustration of Ngarluma and Yindjibarndi members<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2025-11-26 |title=HOW DOES AN ABORIGINAL ORGANISATION GO FROM FINANCIAL COLLAPSE TO THE GLOBAL STAGE? |url=https://www.ngaardamedia.com.au/news/how-does-an-aboriginal-organisation-go-from-financial-collapse-to-the-global-stage |access-date=2025-11-27 |website=Ngaarda Media |language=en-NZ}}</ref>. By late 2022, Jorgensen was fully removed by NYFL<ref name=":1" />. Throughout 2022 and 2023, Traditional Owners publicly argued for Jorgensen to be prosecuted for fraud, and breach of the [[Corporations Act 2001 (Clth)]].
As such the Board decided to bring in entirely new leadership. A temporary consultant executive, in Graeme Sheard, was appointed to lead the recruitment a new CEO and restructure the organisation. In August 2022 the NYFL Board appointed top 20 ASX corporate leader Sean-Paul Stephens to lead the restructure, revamp the Foundation and Trust, and to renegotiate major Land Access and commercial agreements.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-06 |title=NEW NYFL MAN TAKES THE REINS |url=https://www.ngaardamedia.com.au/news/new-nyfl-man-takes-the-reins |access-date=2024-07-09 |website=Ngaarda Media |language=en-NZ}}</ref>
By early 2023, under the new leadership, NYFL returned to a strong financial position and was recognised as the ‘best community organisation’ by the Karratha Chamber of Commerce and Industry.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-31 |title=Top businesses and leaders recognised at awards night |url=https://www.pilbaranews.com.au/news/pilbara-news/top-businesses-and-leaders-recognised-at-karratha-and-districts-chamber-of-commerce-business-awards-c-8667119 |access-date=2024-07-09 |website=Pilbara News |language=en}}</ref> This was recognised as a remarkable turnaround, led by Michael Woodley as Chair and Sean-Paul Stephens as CEO, for an organisation which had been in major financial difficulty in previous years. Furthermore, the ''[[National Indigenous Times]]'' reported that NYFL, alongside [[Australian Aboriginal elder|elders]] and community leaders, had transformed the town of Roebourne and returning a sense of pride.<ref name="NIT">{{Cite web |title=Pride turning public perception for Pilbara town once described as a "war zone" |url=https://nit.com.au/01-11-2022/4065/pride-turning-public-perception-for-pilbara-town-once-described-as-a-war-zone |access-date=2022-11-27 |website=National Indigenous Times}}</ref> NYFL success since late 2022 has been attributed to strong leadership from the Traditional Owner board and new executive leadership. By 2024, NYFL had expanded its strategic focus, and entered into a partnership with the Australian National University. Under the leadership of Michael Woodley and Sean-Paul Stephens, NYFL was nominated and won a series of social impact awards, including for sustainability, social enterprise and regional impact.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-24 |title=Ieramugadu Store Maya honoured at Social Enterprise Awards |url=https://www.pilbaranews.com.au/news/pilbara-news/roebournes-ieramugadu-store-maya-honoured-at-wa-social-enterprise-awards-c-19135556 |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=Pilbara News |language=en}}</ref>
As of 2025, NYFL delivers a suite of social impact and empowerment programs which include Ieramagadu Store Maya, located at the Old Roebourne General Store, a social enterprise café where local Aboriginal people undertake training and employment upskilling, and the NYFL Employment and Training program (which includes Warrgamugardi Yirdiyabura), aimed at increasing vocational employment and economic self-determination.<ref name="NIT" /> The ''[[Pilbara newspapers|Pilbara News]]'' reported that community-led facilities and support, such as those led by NYFL’s new leadership have been key to Roebourne's changing identity.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-13 |title=Community support driving Roebourne’s changing identity |url=https://www.pilbaranews.com.au/news/pilbara-news/community-led-facilities-and-support-key-to-roebournes-changing-identity--c-8169059 |access-date=2022-11-28 |website=Pilbara News |language=en}}</ref>
Under the leadership of the new board and executive, NYFL achieved record First Nations employment and training outcomes for the Roebourne community through the NYFL Employment and Training program, which includes the Warrgamugardi Yirdiyabura Program.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Torre |first=Giovanni |date=24 December 2022 |title=Record employment and training results for Roebourne community through Aboriginal-led program |work=National Indigenous Times |url=https://nit.com.au/24-12-2022/4591/record-employment-and-training-results-for-roebourne-community-through-aboriginal-led-program}}</ref> According to the ''National Indigenous Times'', the Roebourne-based NYFL program is recognised as the most successful Aboriginal-run employment program in the West Pilbara, running a unique model supporting Aboriginal people who live in, or have a strong connection to, Roebourne.
NYFL operates the not-for-profit "social supermarket" at the Old Roebourne General Store located on the North West Coastal Highway, also known as Roe Street, in Roebourne-town.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-06-30 |title=Could social enterprise supermarkets be the answer to rising food costs? |language=en-AU |work=ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-06-30/pilbara-social-supermarket-hailed-a-success/101193434 |access-date=2023-01-05}}</ref> The store is known as the Ieramugadu Store Maya. The store serves Roebourne and outlying communities of Cheeditha, Ngurrawaana, Mingullatharndo and Weymul.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Zaunmayr |first=Tom |date=March 9, 2022 |title=After two years of empty shelves, WA town welcomes non-profit grocery store |work=National Indigenous Times |url=https://nit.com.au/09-03-2022/2774/after-two-years-of-empty-shelves-wa-town-welcomes-non-profit-grocery-store}}</ref>
==In the arts== Ieramugadu is the location of collaborative projects initiated by [[Big hART]], with the 2011-2015 project [[Yijala Yala]] leading to the creation of a successful interactive comic book ''[[Neomad]]'', along with films, theatre productions, and exhibitions.<ref name=pp>{{cite web | title=Past Projects: Yijala Yala | website=[[Big hART]] | date=2 April 2024 | url=https://www.bighart.org/what-we-do/past-projects/ | access-date=22 August 2024}}</ref> A legacy project, called New Roebourne, continues, developing workshops, performances, video, and music programs. In 2021-22 it delivered five project streams, including NEO-Learning, an education platform suitable for primary schools, with digital content created by Roebourne children.<ref>{{cite web | title=New Roebourne Project | website=Big hART | date=23 October 2023 | url=https://www.bighart.org/projects/new-roebourne-project/ | access-date=22 August 2024}}</ref>
The 2020 [[NITV]] / [[ABC Me]] series ''[[Thalu]]'', produced by local producers Tyson Mowarin and Robyn Marais of Weerianna Street Media, in association with the [[ACTF]],<ref>{{cite web | title=THALU Television Series Premiere on NITV & SBS OnDemand | website=Amie Batalibasi | date=19 March 2020 | url=https://amiebatalibasi.com/thalu-television-series-premiere/ | access-date=20 August 2024}}</ref> involved extensive community collaboration, and local children and elders feature in the series.<ref>{{cite web | last=Tan | first=Teresa | title=Kids TV show Thalu works with Pilbara community to create positive role models | website=ABC News | date=1 August 2020 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-08-02/kids-tv-show-thalu-pilbara-community-stars-aboriginal-kids/12467926 | access-date=22 August 2024}}</ref><ref name="u323">{{cite web | last=Siemienowicz | first=Rochelle | title=Film & Television Jobs, News, Reviews & Screen Industry Data | website=ScreenHub Australia | date=22 April 2020 | url=https://www.screenhub.com.au/news/news/thalu-is-doing-it-for-the-kids-260232-1427960/ | access-date=22 August 2024}}</ref>
==Environment and climate==
The Harding River runs through the town of Roebourne. The river runs to the Indian Ocean at the tourism site of Cossack. The Cossack townsite is managed by the NYFL. The Harding River flowed to a much greater extent prior to the construction of the Harding Dam. Today, the river is a series of waterholes, including at the Roebourne townsite.
The highest temperature ever measured in the town was {{convert|50.5|°C}} on 13 January 2022, it being one of three towns in Western Australia to exceed {{convert|50|°C}} that day.<ref name="ABC">{{cite web |last1=Birch |first1=Laura |title=Onslow in the Pilbara reaches 50.7C, equalling Australia's hottest day on record |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-01-13/onslow-in-the-pilbara-equals-australias-hottest-day-on-record/100754082 |website=ABC News |access-date=13 January 2022 |date=13 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-13|title=Australia matches its hottest day on record as Western Australia town goes above 50C|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2022/jan/13/hottest-day-on-record-in-parts-of-western-australia-as-temperature-reaches-50c|access-date=2022-01-13|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref>
{{Weather box |location = Roebourne, WA |single line = y |metric first = y |Jan record high C = 50.5 |Feb record high C = 49.1 |Mar record high C = 48.1 |Apr record high C = 43.4 |May record high C = 39.6 |Jun record high C = 35.7 |Jul record high C = 34.8 |Aug record high C = 37.9 |Sep record high C = 42.1 |Oct record high C = 45.9 |Nov record high C = 47.4 |Dec record high C = 49.5 |year record high C = 50.5 |Jan high C = 38.7 |Feb high C = 38.0 |Mar high C = 37.6 |Apr high C = 35.3 |May high C = 30.4 |Jun high C = 27.0 |Jul high C = 26.8 |Aug high C = 29.0 |Sep high C = 32.6 |Oct high C = 35.6 |Nov high C = 38.0 |Dec high C = 39.0 |year high C = 34.0 |Jan record low C = 18.6 |Feb record low C = 18.3 |Mar record low C = 16.8 |Apr record low C = 13.1 |May record low C = 9.4 |Jun record low C = 7.6 |Jul record low C = 4.4 |Aug record low C = 6.4 |Sep record low C = 7.8 |Oct record low C = 11.1 |Nov record low C = 14.1 |Dec record low C = 16.9 |year record low C = 4.4 |Jan low C = 26.2 |Feb low C = 26.2 |Mar low C = 25.3 |Apr low C = 22.2 |May low C = 18.3 |Jun low C = 15.3 |Jul low C = 13.6 |Aug low C = 14.5 |Sep low C = 16.8 |Oct low C = 19.6 |Nov low C = 22.6 |Dec low C = 24.9 |year low C = 20.5 |Jan precipitation mm = 59.9 |Feb precipitation mm = 68.1 |Mar precipitation mm = 64.4 |Apr precipitation mm = 28.7 |May precipitation mm = 27.8 |Jun precipitation mm = 28.8 |Jul precipitation mm = 13.8 |Aug precipitation mm = 5.0 |Sep precipitation mm = 1.4 |Oct precipitation mm = 0.7 |Nov precipitation mm = 1.5 |Dec precipitation mm = 11.0 |year precipitation mm = 311.3 |Jan precipitation days = 3.5 |Feb precipitation days = 4.9 |Mar precipitation days = 3.5 |Apr precipitation days = 1.5 |May precipitation days = 2.5 |Jun precipitation days = 2.6 |Jul precipitation days = 1.6 |Aug precipitation days = 0.9 |Sep precipitation days = 0.3 |Oct precipitation days = 0.3 |Nov precipitation days = 0.3 |Dec precipitation days = 1.2 |year precipitation days = 23.1 |source = The Bureau of Meteorology<ref>{{cite web |url = http://reg.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_004035_All.shtml |title = Climate Statistics for Roeburne, WA |access-date = 17 January 2012}}</ref><ref name="ABC"/> }}
==See also== * [[Electoral district of Roebourne]] (1890–1950) * [[List of extreme temperatures in Australia]]
==Notes== {{reflist}}
==Further reading== {{refbegin}} * {{cite book|last=De La Rue|first=Kathy|title= Pearl shell and pastures : the story of Cossack and Roebourne|year=1979|publisher= Cossack Project Committees|location= Roebourne, WA}} (134 pages) * {{cite book|last=Edmunds|first=Mary|title= They get heaps: A study of attitudes in Roebourne, Western Australia|year=1989|publisher= Aboriginal Studies Press|location= [[Canberra]]}} (179 pages) * {{cite book |last1=Rollo |first1=Lindsay |title=Iron Road: The Story of the Roebourne-Cossack-Point Samson Tramway |date=2025 |publisher=Independently published |location=Perth |isbn=9780995393936}} * {{cite book|last=Withnell-Taylor|first= Nancy E.|title= Yeeramukadoo: A saga of the Northwest (The first settlement of north-west Australia told through the Withnell and Hancock families 1861-1890)|orig-year=1987|year=2002|edition=reprint|publisher= Hesperian Press|location= [[Carlisle, Western Australia|Carlisle, WA]]|isbn= 0-85905-097-1}} (254 pages) {{refend}}
==External links== {{commons category-inline}} * [http://www.karratha.wa.gov.au/ Shire of Karratha] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060206175432/http://www.juluwarlu.pilbara.net/ Juluwarlu Group Aboriginal Corporation] * [http://www.yindjibarndi.org.au/ Yindjibarndi Aboriginal Corporation] {{Towns Pilbara WA}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:Mining towns in Western Australia]] [[Category:Towns in Western Australia]] [[Category:City of Karratha]]