William MacGregor

{{Short description|Scottish doctor and government administrator}} {{Other people}} {{Use British English|date=August 2014}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}} {{Infobox officeholder | honorific_prefix = The Right Honourable  | name = Sir William MacGregor | honorific_suffix = {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|GCMG|CB|AM|FRSGS}} | image = Sir William MacGregor.jpg | caption = | order = 11th | office = Governor of Queensland | term_start = 2 December 1909 | term_end = 16 July 1914 | monarch = Edward VII George V | predecessor = The Lord Chelmsford | successor = Sir Hamilton Goold-Adams | order1 = 60th | office1 = Governor of Newfoundland | term_start1 = 1904 | term_end1 = 1909 | monarch1 = Edward VII | prime_minister1 = Robert Bond | predecessor1 = Charles Cavendish Boyle | successor1 = Sir Ralph Champneys Williams | order2 = Governor of Lagos Colony | office2 = | term_start2 = 1899 | term_end2 = 1902 | monarch2 = Victoria Edward VII | predecessor2 = Henry Edward McCallum | successor2 = Walter Egerton | order3 = Lieutenant-Governor of British New Guinea | office3 = | term_start3 = 1895 | term_end3 = 1897 | monarch3 = Victoria | predecessor3 = Himself as Administrator of British New Guinea | successor3 = George Le Hunte | order4 = Administrator of British New Guinea | office4 = | term_start4 = 1888 | term_end4 = 1895 | monarch4 = Victoria | predecessor4 = John Douglas | successor4 = Himself as Lieutenant-Governor of British New Guinea | birth_date = 20 October 1846 | birth_place = Towie, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, United Kingdom | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1919|7|3|1846|10|20}} | death_place = Berwickshire, Scotland, United Kingdom | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | birth_name = | party = | spouse = Mary Jane Cocks (1883–1919; his death) | relations = | children = | alma_mater = University of Aberdeen University of Edinburgh | signature = | signature_alt = }}

'''Sir William MacGregor''', {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|GCMG|CB|AM|PC|FRSGS}} (20 October 1846 – 3 July 1919)<ref name=adb>R. B. Joyce, '[https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/macgregor-sir-william-4097 MacGregor, Sir William (1846–1919)] ', ''Australian Dictionary of Biography'', Volume 5, Melbourne University Press, 1974, pp 158–160. Retrieved 29 September 2009</ref> was a Scottish colonial administrator who was Lieutenant-Governor of British New Guinea, Governor of Lagos Colony, Governor of Newfoundland and Governor of Queensland.

==Early life==

MacGregor was born in Hillockhead, parish of Towie, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, the eldest son of John MacGregor, a crofter, and his wife Agnes, daughter of William Smith of Pitprone.<ref name=adb/> MacGregor was educated at the school at the Strathmore manse,<ref name=SunMail1928>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article100130404 |title=Sir William MacGregor |newspaper=Sunday Mail (Brisbane) |issue=266 |location=Queensland, Australia |date=1 July 1928 |access-date=1 January 2022 |page=28 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> later a teacher at Tillyduke<ref name=dab>{{Dictionary of Australian Biography|First=William|Last=MacGregor|shortlink=0-dict-biogMc.html#macgregor1|access-date=29 September 2009}}</ref> and worked as a farm labourer.<ref name=adb/> Encouraged by his schoolmaster and the local doctor who recognised MacGregor's ability, he entered Aberdeen Grammar School in April 1866 and enrolled at the University of Aberdeen in October 1867. He graduated MB and CM of Aberdeen University in 1872, and obtained his MD in 1874. MacGregor also studied at Anderson's Medical College (LFPS) and the University of Edinburgh (LRCP). MacGregor then became a medical assistant at the Royal Lunatic Asylum, Aberdeen.<ref name=adb/>

==Medical career==

In February 1873 MacGregor became assistant medical officer at the Seychelles, and in 1874 he was appointed resident at the hospital and superintendent of the lunatic asylum at Mauritius. This brought him under the notice of Sir Arthur Gordon who was then governor of the island, and on Gordon being transferred to Fiji in 1875, he obtained MacGregor's services as chief medical officer of Fiji. There he had to grapple with a terrible epidemic of measles, which resulted in the death of 50,000 natives. In 1877 he was made receiver-general and subsequently a variety of other offices was added, including the colonial secretaryship. On more than one occasion he acted as governor, and was also acting high commissioner and consul-general for the western Pacific.

In 1884 the ship ''Syria'', with coolies for Fiji, ran ashore about {{convert|15|mi}} from Suva. Doctor MacGregor organised a relief expedition and personally saved several lives; his report made no mention of his own deeds, but they could not remain hidden, and he was given the Albert Medal, and the Clarke gold medal of the Royal Humane Society of Australasia for saving life at sea. In January 1886 he represented Fiji at the meeting of the federal council of Australasia held at Hobart..

==Administrator and governor==

MacGregor was described as 'sincere, discriminating, and courageous'.<ref name=SunMail1928 /> A linguist, MacGregor spoke Italian, French, and German;<ref name=DailyMail1919>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article220507144 |title=Late Sir William MacGREGOR |newspaper=Daily Mail (Brisbane) |issue=5220 |location=Queensland, Australia |date=12 July 1919 |access-date=1 January 2022 |page=12 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> in one instance when with the Austrian Archduke Ferdinand (1863–1914) in the Territory of Papua, he translated from a German officer to the Italian cook on instructions to cook a wallaby.<ref name=DailyMail1919 />

=== British New Guinea (1888–1898) ===

MacGregor's experience with native races led to his being appointed administrator of British New Guinea, from 4 September 1888 to 13 March 1895.<ref name=Papuan1919>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251031777 |title=Death of Sir William MacGregor |newspaper=Papuan Courier |volume=9 |issue=30 |location=International, Australia |date=25 July 1919 |access-date=1 January 2022 |page=5 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> Here he had to deal with a warlike people separated in many tribes, and his great problem was to get them to live together in reasonable amity. It was necessary at times to make punitive expeditions, but bloodshed was avoided as much as possible, and by tact and perseverance MacGregor eventually brought about a state of law and order. Some of this in part related to the annual headhunting raid and cannibalisation of coastal tribes by the Tugeri warriors, which he ended.<ref name=DailyMail1919 /> He did a large amount of exploration not only along the coast but into the interior. Andrew Gibb Maitland was seconded as geologist in 1891. In 1892 the position was sufficiently settled to enable him to publish a ''Handbook of Information for intending Settlers in British New Guinea''. He was awarded the 1896 Founder's Medal of the Royal Geographical Society for his services to geography.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rgs.org/NR/rdonlyres/C5962519-882A-4C67-803D-0037308C756D/0/GoldMedallists18322011.pdf|title=List of Past Gold Medal Winners|publisher=Royal Geographical Society|access-date=24 August 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927221002/http://www.rgs.org/NR/rdonlyres/C5962519-882A-4C67-803D-0037308C756D/0/GoldMedallists18322011.pdf|archive-date=27 September 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Administrator MacGregor was appointed lieutenant-governor on 13 March 1895, and retired from this position on 10 September 1898.<ref name=Papuan1919 />

=== Lagos Colony (1899–1904) ===

From 1899 to 1904 he was governor of Lagos Colony, Nigeria, where he instituted a campaign against the prevalent malaria, draining the swamps and destroying as far as possible the mosquitoes which were responsible for the spread of the disease. Much other important work in developing the country was done by making roads and building a railway. His efforts to improve the health of his community led to his being given the Mary Kingsley Medal in 1910 by the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. thumb|left|upright|Sir William MacGregor in ceremonial mantle as Governor of Queensland

=== Newfoundland (1904–1909) ===

He had been transferred in 1904 to Newfoundland Colony of which he was governor for five years. Here again his medical knowledge was most useful in the combating of tuberculosis which was then very prevalent in Newfoundland. He also did valuable work in dealing with the fisheries question, persuading the contending parties to refer the dispute to the Hague international tribunal which brought about an amicable settlement.

During his term MacGregor saw a general election where two political parties were returned in equal number. The premier Sir Robert Bond sought a dissolution before the House had sat. MacGregor refused. At the House's first sitting, Bond made an unsuccessful motion to nominate a Speaker, then demanded a dissolution. Having suffered a defeat, Governor MacGregor suggested Bond should resign. Sir Edward Morris went to form a ministry, also suffered a majority defeat for chair. With a second general election, Morris was returned with a good majority. MacGregor's actions were approved by many authorities on the subject.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article40315301 |title=Reminiscences |newspaper=Cairns Post |volume=XXXII |issue=34[?]5 |location=Queensland, Australia |date=26 August 1919 |access-date=1 January 2022 |page=7 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>

===Queensland (1909–1914) ===

On 2 December 1909 MacGregor was appointed Governor of Queensland.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article185331355 |title=Queensland's New Governor |newspaper=The Telegraph (Brisbane) |issue=11,344 |location=Queensland, Australia |date=27 March 1909 |access-date=2 January 2022 |page=6 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>

MacGregor assisted in the inauguration of the University of Queensland, he agreed to the handing over of his residence Old Government House to be its first home, and one of his first acts as governor was to attend the dedication ceremony on 10 December 1909. He also became the first chancellor and took great pride in the early development of the university. MacGregor was also president of the Royal Geographical Society of Queensland.<ref name=adb/>

On Saturday, 28 June 1913, going to Townsville in northern Queensland, as a pioneer of tropical medicine himself, Governor MacGregor formally opened the new £2,757 two-storey building for the Institute of Tropical Medicine.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article188943153 |title=Institute of Tropical Medicine, Townsville, recently opened by Sir William MacGREGOR |newspaper=The Week (Brisbane) |volume=LXXVI |issue=1,961 |location=Queensland, Australia |date=25 July 1913 |access-date=2 January 2022 |page=24 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article187361324 |title=Tropical medicine |newspaper=Darling Downs Gazette |volume=LVI |issue=462 |location=Queensland, Australia |date=28 June 1913 |access-date=2 January 2022 |page=6 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article240057258 |title=Institute of Tropical Medicine |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph (Sydney) |issue=10,624 |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=12 June 1913 |access-date=2 January 2022 |page=8 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> The building (now heritage-listed) at Clifton Street was close and to the west of the general hospital.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article39900147 |title=Townsville Tropical Institute |newspaper=Cairns Post |volume=XXVI |issue=1412 |location=Queensland, Australia |date=12 September 1912 |access-date=2 January 2022 |page=3 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> The Institute had been in existence for several years prior,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article22273942 |title=Institute of Tropical Medicine |newspaper=The Queenslander |issue=2168 |location=Queensland, Australia |date=28 September 1907 |access-date=2 January 2022 |page=32 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article68687287 |title=Tropical diseases |newspaper=West Gippsland Gazette |issue=573 |location=Victoria, Australia |date=25 May 1909 |access-date=2 January 2022 |page=6 (Morning.) |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> and the Governor had visited the facility several times prior.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article170553993 |title=The Governor at Townsville |newspaper=Daily Mercury |issue=1482 |location=Queensland, Australia |date=30 June 1910 |access-date=2 January 2022 |page=6 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>

He chaired the inaugural meeting of the Historical Society of Queensland in August 1913 and became its patron.<ref name=Biskup>Peter Biskup, "The Politics of Preserving the Past: The Early Years of the Historical Society of Queensland", (1988) ''Royal Historical Society of Queensland Journal'', Vol. 13, No. 8, p 289.</ref><ref name=article19889226>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article19889226 |title=Historical Society of Queensland |newspaper=The Brisbane Courier |location=Brisbane, Queensland |date=22 April 1913 |access-date=6 September 2011 |page=6 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article19899695 |title=Historical Society |newspaper=The Brisbane Courier |location=Queensland |date=22 August 1913 |access-date=6 September 2011 |page=4 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref>

MacGregor retired in July 1914 from the governorship.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article82167026 |title=Sir Wm. MacGREGOR |newspaper=Warwick Examiner and Times |issue=4629 |location=Queensland, Australia |date=31 October 1914 |access-date=2 January 2022 |page=2 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>

== Later life ==

He married in 1883 to Mary Jane, daughter of Levuka (Fiji) harbourmaster Captain Robert and Annie Cocks; who survived him with one son and three daughters. They met when he was the Administrator of British New Guinea.<ref name=QlderDec1919>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article22379243 |title=Death of Lady MacGREGOR |newspaper=The Queenslander |issue=2780 |location=Queensland, Australia |date=13 December 1919 |access-date=2 January 2022 |page=12 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> She was reported to have been the first Caucasian female born in Fiji.<ref name=QlderDec1919 /> Two of the daughters were given to be born in Fiji.<ref>{{cite web |title=Portrait of Captain Robert Cocks, harbour master at Suva and father of Lady Mary McGregor |url=https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/2628323 |website=National Library of Australia |publisher=Commonwealth of Australia |access-date=1 January 2022 |quote=Cock's daugher [sic] Mary-Jane married Sir William MacGregor (1846-1919) in November 1883, becoming his second wife. They had two daughters who were born in Fiji.}}</ref> Lady MacGregor had nearly lost her life to fever on her first visit to her husband when he was the Governor of the Lagos Colony.<ref name=DailyMail1919 />

He was created a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1881, advanced to Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1889, made a Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1897, upgraded to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1907, and was made a privy councillor in 1914. He had the honorary degrees of DSc Cambridge,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article236006425 |title=Sir William MacGREGOR |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph (Sydney) |issue=4933 |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=13 April 1895 |access-date=1 January 2022 |page=4 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> and LL.D. Aberdeen, Edinburgh, and Queensland.

In 1914 MacGregor retired and went to live on the estate 'Chapel-on-Leader'<ref name=Qlder1919>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article22377289 |title=Sir William MacGREGOR's will |newspaper=The Queenslander |issue=2771 |location=Queensland, Australia |date=11 October 1919 |access-date=1 January 2022 |page=10 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> (near the River Leader, half-way between Lauder and Earlston, Berwickshire, Scotland). During World War I he was able to do a certain amount of war work, and also lectured on his experience of German rule in the Pacific.

MacGregor found his final year to be 'sorrowful', with the deaths of his son-in-law Admiral Sir Alfred Paget on 17 June 1918 of bronchitis, and Paget's wife and MacGregor's daughter Alpina 'Viti' Paget on 13 September 1918.<ref name=TheWeek1919>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article192735383 |title=Sir William Macgregor. |newspaper=The Week (Brisbane) |volume=LXXXVII |issue=2,259 |location=Queensland, Australia |date=11 April 1919 |access-date=1 January 2022 |page=30 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> After an operation for intestinal adhesions and gallstones MacGregor died on 3 July 1919,<ref name=SunMail1928 /> was cremated,<ref name=Qlder1919 /> and interred beside his parents in the churchyard of Towie,<ref name=adb/> the village where he was born. Lady Mary MacGregor died in December 1919.<ref name=Qlder1919 />

From his will, he bequeathed his ethnological and ornithological collections to the University of Aberdeen, and his banner from Saint Paul's Cathedral to the University of Queensland.<ref name=Qlder1919 /> In earlier years from his Papuan times, ethnological specimens were collected and presented to the Queensland Museum, bird specimens to the museum in Sydney, and a collection of flora to the botanical department in Melbourne; the latter indicated to have made the botanist Baron Von Mueller 'wildly enthusiastic'.<ref name=DailyMail1919 />

Two Australian suburbs are named after him: MacGregor, Brisbane,<ref>{{cite web|title=Queensland place names search|url=https://www.dnrm.qld.gov.au/qld/environment/land/place-names/search#/search=macgregor&types=0&place=MacGregor44132|website=Queensland Government (Department of Natural Resources and Mines)|access-date=20 January 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180209003022/https://www.dnrm.qld.gov.au/qld/environment/land/place-names/search#/search=macgregor&types=0&place=MacGregor44132 |archive-date=9 February 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref> and Macgregor, Canberra.

==References==

==Further reading== * R. B. Joyce, ''Sir William MacGregor'' (Oxford University Press, 1971)

==External links==

{{Commons category|William MacGregor}} * [http://www.heritage.nf.ca/govhouse/governors/g60.html Biography at Government House ''The Governorship of Newfoundland and Labrador''] * [http://www.electricscotland.com/history/australia/macgregor_william.htm Electric Scotland biography] * {{Gutenberg author | id=8503}} * {{Internet Archive author |sname=Sir William MacGregor}}

{{s-start}} {{s-gov}} {{s-bef|before=John Douglas | as=Special Commissioner of British New Guinea}} {{s-ttl|title=Administrator of British New Guinea | years=1888–1895}} {{s-non|reason=Post abolished}} {{s-new|creation}} {{s-ttl|title = Lieutenant-Governor of British New Guinea | years = 1895–1897}} {{s-aft|after = George Le Hunte}} {{succession box | before = Henry Edward McCallum | title = Governor of Lagos | years = 1899–1902 | after = Walter Egerton }} {{succession box | before = Sir Cavendish Boyle | title = Governor of Newfoundland | years = 1904–1909 | after = Sir Ralph Champneys Williams }} {{succession box | before = The Lord Chelmsford | title = Governor of Queensland | years = 1909–1914 | after = Sir Hamilton John Goold-Adams }} {{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Macgregor, William}} Category:1846 births Category:1919 deaths Category:Recipients of the Albert Medal (lifesaving) Category:Alumni of the University of Aberdeen Category:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh Category:Companions of the Order of the Bath Category:Governors of Queensland Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George Category:Governors of Newfoundland Colony Category:Governors of the Dominion of Newfoundland Category:People from Towie, Aberdeenshire Category:People educated at Aberdeen Grammar School Category:Alumni of the University of Strathclyde Category:19th-century Scottish medical doctors Category:Scottish colonial officials Category:Governors of the Lagos Colony Category:British New Guinea people Category:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom Category:Fellows of the Royal Scottish Geographical Society Category:Politics of the Dominion of Newfoundland