{{Short description|German botanist}} {{Resume-like|date=September 2024}} {{Infobox scientist | name = Wilhelm Barthlott | image = Wilhelm Barthlott.jpg | caption = Wilhelm Barthlott, 2008 | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1946|6|22|df=y}} | birth_place = Forst, Germany | death_date = <!--{{death date and age |YYYY|MM|DD |YYYY|MM|DD}} (death date then birth date)--> | death_place = | fields = Botany, biomimetics, materials science | workplaces = {{UBL |Free University of Berlin (1982-1985) |University of Bonn }} | alma_mater = Heidelberg University | boards = {{UBL |Botanical Garden, Bonn, director |Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, founder }} | thesis_title = Mikromorphologie der Cactaceen-Dornen (Micromorphology of cactus thorns) | thesis_url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262002465_Mikromorphologie_der_Cactaceen-Dornen | thesis_year = 1973 | doctoral_advisor = Werner Rauh | notable_works = See list | known_for = The Lotus effect, Salvinia effect, and global biodiversity distribution mapping | awards = See list | author_abbrev_bot = Barthlott }}
'''Wilhelm Barthlott''' (born 22 June 1946 in Forst, Germany) is a German botanist and biomimetic materials scientist. His official botanical author citation is '''Barthlott'''.
Barthlott's areas of specialization are biodiversity (global distribution, assessment, and change in biodiversity) and bionics/biomimetics (in particular, superhydrophobic biological surfaces and their technical applications).
He is one of the pioneers in the field of biological and technical interfaces. Based on his systematic research on plant surfaces, he discovered the self-cleaning (lotus effect)<ref>Video German Award for the Environment https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y_bRmB2RiU0</ref> biological surfaces and developed superhydrophobic technical surfaces for different applications (e.g. Salvinia effect and oil-water-separation). The Bartlott Effects<ref>Vonna L. (2023). The Barthlott effect. ''Quantitative Plant Biology,'' 4, e16, Cambridge University Press Classics, https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qpb.2023.15</ref> led to a paradigm shift and disruptive technologies in material science and facilitated the development of superhydrophobic biomimetic surfaces. His map of the global biodiversity distribution is the foundation for numerous research topics. Barthlott has been honored with many awards (e. g. the German Environmental Prize) and memberships in academies (e. g. the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina). A large red-flowering tropical shrub, ''Barthlottia madagascariensis'', and other plants are named after him.
== Career ==
Barthlott descends from a French Huguenot family, which arrived with Jacques Barthelot in 1698 on the territory of the Maulbronn Monastery in Germany, where his mother's family houses had existed before 1500. Wilhelm Barthlott studied biology, physics, chemistry, and geography at the University of Heidelberg, Germany. He earned his doctorate in 1973 with a dissertation supervised by Werner Rauh on systematics and biogeography of cacti investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy. He held a professorship at the Free University of Berlin at the Institute for Systematic Botany and Plant Geography from 1982 to 1985. In 1985 he became the chair of systematic botany at the Botanical Institute of the University of Bonn and also the director of the Botanical Garden. In 2003 he established the Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants as founding director. He was influential in the reorganization and expansion of both institutions.
Barthlott took emeritus status in 2011, and continued as the head of a long-running research project ''Biodiversität im Wandel'' (Biodiversity in Change). He is investigating biological and technical superhydrophobic interfaces within the scope of his research projects in biomimetics.
Barthlott published one of the most cited papers plant science<ref>White, P. J. (23 January 2018). [https://www.botany.one/2018/01/citation-classics-plant-sciences-since-1992/ "Citation classics in Plant Science since 1992"]. ''Botany One'' / ''Annals of Botany''.</ref> and materials science.<ref>Vonna L. (2023). The Barthlott effect. ''Quantitative Plant Biology,'' 4, e16, Cambridge University Press Classics, https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qpb.2023.15</ref> His work in materials science based on superhydrophobic lotus effect surfaces "can be considered the most famous inspiration from nature ... and has been widely applied ... in our daily life and industrial productions".<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Yu |first1=Cunming |last2=Sasic |first2=Srdjan |last3=Liu |first3=Kai |last4=Salameh |first4=Samir |last5=Ras |first5=Robin H.A. |last6=van Ommen |first6=J. Ruud |title=Nature–Inspired self–cleaning surfaces: Mechanisms, modelling, and manufacturing |journal=Chemical Engineering Research and Design |date=March 2020 |volume=155 |pages=48–65 |doi=10.1016/j.cherd.2019.11.038 |bibcode=2020CERD..155...48Y |s2cid=212755274|url=https://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/handle/123456789/43105 }}</ref>
== Fields of work ==
=== Botanical Research === Barthlott has done extensive research focusing on Andean South America and Africa, in particular, on the taxonomy and morphology of cacti, orchids, bromeliads and the Titan Arum,<ref>Barthlott et al. (2009): ''A torch in the rainforest: thermogenesis of the Titan arum (Amorphophallus titanum).'' Plant Biol. 11 (4): 499–505 [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2008.00147.x doi:10.1111/j.1438-8677.2008.00147.x]</ref> applying scanning electron microscopy and molecular methods. Barthlott's studies on carnivorous plants converged systematic and ecological research. These studies led to the discovery of the first protozoan trapping plant in the genus ''Genlisea''.<ref>Barthlott et al. (April 1998). ''"First protozoa-trapping plant found".'' Nature. 392 (6675): 447. Bibcode: 1998Natur.392Q.447B. [https://www.nature.com/articles/33037 doi:10.1038/33037. S2CID 4415405]</ref> This plants also exhibit one of the highest evolutionary rates and has the smallest known genome among all flowering plants.<ref>Greilhuber, J. et al. (2006): Smallest angiosperm genomes found in Lentibulariaceae, with chromosomes of bacterial size. Plant Biol. 8: 770–777, [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1055/s-2006-924101 doi:10.1055/s-2006-924101]</ref> The naming of ''Genlisea barthlottii'' pays tribute to his investigation in this regard. The shrub ''Barthlottia madagascariensis'' or the miniature titan arum (''Amorphophallus barthlottii'') and further species were named after him. Among his discoveries are the giant bromeliad ''Gregbrownia lyman-smithii'' and epiphytic cacti such as ''Rhipsalis juengeri, Pfeiffera miyagawae'' and ''Schlumbergera orssichiana'' or the succulent ''Peperomia graveolens''. A complete list of plants can be found on the International Plant Names Index (IPNI) or in Plants of the World Online ([https://powo.science.kew.org/ POWO]).
His biogeographic-ecological work was mostly conducted in South America, West Africa and Madagascar concentrating on arid regions,<ref>Barthlott, W. et al. (2015): Biogeography and Biodiversity of Cacti. – Schumannia '''7''', pp. 1–205, ISSN 1437-2517</ref> epiphytes in tropical forest canopy,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Köster |first1=Nils |last2=Nieder |first2=Jürgen |last3=Barthlott |first3=Wilhelm |title=Effect of Host Tree Traits on Epiphyte Diversity in Natural and Anthropogenic Habitats in Ecuador: Effect of Host Tree Traits on Epiphyte Diversity |journal=Biotropica |date=November 2011 |volume=43 |issue=6 |pages=685–694 |doi=10.1111/j.1744-7429.2011.00759.x|s2cid=86711152 }}</ref> as well as tropical inselbergs.<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1007/978-3-642-59773-2 |title=Inselbergs |series=Ecological Studies |year=2000 |volume=146 |isbn=978-3-642-64120-6|s2cid=263998814 }}</ref> Additional works concentrated on the global mapping of biodiversity<ref>Kier, G.; Kreft, H.; Lee, T. M.; Jetz, W.; Ibisch, P. L.; Nowicki, C.; Mutke, J.; Barthlott, W. (9 June 2009). "A global assessment of endemism and species richness across island and mainland regions". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106 (23): 9322–9327. [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PNAS..106.9322K/abstract PNAS..106.9322K]. [https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.0810306106 doi:10.1073/pnas.0810306106]. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2685248/ PMC 2685248]. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19470638/ PMID 19470638]</ref> and its macroecological dependencies on climate change<ref>Sommer, Kreft, Kier; Jetz; Mutke; Barthlott (7 August 2010). ''"Projected impacts of climate change on regional capacities for global plant species richness".'' Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 277 (1692): 2271–2280. [https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2010.0120 doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.0120]. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2894901/ PMC 2894901]. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20335215/ PMID 20335215]</ref> and other abiotic factors (Geodiversity),<ref>Barthlott et al. (1996): ''Global distribution of species diversity in vascular plants: towards a world map of phytodiversity.'' Erdkunde 50: 317–327, [https://www.erdkunde.uni-bonn.de/article/view/2350 doi:10.3112/erdkunde.1996.04.03]</ref> including migration and globalization.<ref>Barthlott, W. & Rafiqpoor, M.D. (2016): Biodiversität im Wandel – Globale Muster der Artenvielfalt. In: Lozán et al.: Warnsignal Klima: Die Biodiversität, pp. 44–50. In Kooperation mit GEO- Verlag. Wissenschaftliche Auswertungen. [http://www.warnsignal-klima.de/ www.warnsignal-klima.de].</ref> His Biodiversity Distribution Map has been published in numerous textbooks and has been the foundation for many postgraduate studies. In the framework of the BMBF-BIOTA-AFRICA<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biota-africa.org/participants_list_ba.php?gesendet=true&country_crit=Germany|title=BIOTA AFRICA|website=www.biota-africa.org|access-date=10 October 2021}}</ref> project, which was co-founded by him, the biodiversity patterns in Africa as a model continent were analyzed and potential impacts of climate change are investigated.
=== Bionics, biomimetics and materials science === Barthlott was the first botanist using high resolution scanning electron microscopy systematically in the research of biological surfaces since 1970. Most prominent among his results was the discovery of the self-cleaning effect of superhydrophobic micro- and nanostructured surfaces,<ref>Baeyer, H, C, von, (2000); The Lotus Effect. – The Sciences: J. New York Academy of Sciences 12–15, January 2000.</ref><ref>Wilhelm Barthlott (2023): The Discovery of the Lotus Effect as a Key Innovation for Biomimetic Technologies. - in: Handbook of Self-Cleaning Surfaces and Materials: From Fundamentals to Applications, Chapter 15, S. 359–369 - Wiley-VCH, [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9783527690688.ch15 doi:10.1002/9783527690688.ch15]</ref><ref>Vonna L. (2023). The Barthlott effect. ''Quantitative Plant Biology,'' 4, e16, Cambridge University Press, [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/quantitative-plant-biology/article/barthlott-effect/A89DE4A2EB0996F4C702CB7A5FBC7C79 https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qpb.2023.15]</ref> which were technically realized with the trademark "Lotus Effect" from 1998 on,<ref>Forbes, P. (2006) The Gecko's Foot. – Fourth Estate, HarperCollins, New York, 272 pp.</ref> and resulting products distributed worldwide.<ref>{{cite book | chapter-url=https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527690688.ch15 | doi=10.1002/9783527690688.ch15 | chapter=Self-Cleaning Surfaces in Plants: The Discovery of the Lotus Effect as a Key Innovation for Biomimetic Technologies | title=Handbook of Self-Cleaning Surfaces and Materials | year=2023 | last1=Barthlott | first1=Wilhelm | pages=359–369 | isbn=978-3-527-33096-6 }}</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xp0SAdDUQ-o "How The Lotus Effect Was Discovered"]. video</ref> The patents and the trademark Lotus Effect<ref>Videos e.g. German Award for the Environment https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y_bRmB2RiU0 and [http://lotus-salvinia.de/index.php/de-de/235-PhilipMorris Philip Morris Award]</ref> are owned by the company Sto-AG. Today about 2000 publications per year are based on his discovery, while the physics behind self-cleaning surfaces is still not completely understood.<ref>''Yu, Cunming et al. (March 2020). "Nature–Inspired self–cleaning surfaces: Mechanisms, modelling, and manufacturing". Chemical Engineering Research and Design.'' 155: 48–65. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0263876219305702?via%3Dihub doi:10.1016/j.cherd.2019.11.038], S2CID 212755274</ref>
Currently, the research on biological interfaces and bionics is Barthlott's central area of interest.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Barthlott |first1=W. |last2=Mail |first2=M. |last3=Neinhuis |first3=C. |title=Superhydrophobic hierarchically structured surfaces in biology: evolution, structural principles and biomimetic applications |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences |date=6 August 2016 |volume=374 |issue=2073 |article-number=20160191 |doi=10.1098/rsta.2016.0191 |pmid=27354736 |pmc=4928508 |bibcode=2016RSPTA.37460191B}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-46374-2 |title=Biomimetic Research for Architecture and Building Construction |series=Biologically-Inspired Systems |year=2016 |volume=8 |isbn=978-3-319-46372-8 |s2cid=30823702}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Barthlott |first1=Wilhelm |last2=Mail |first2=Matthias |last3=Bhushan |first3=Bharat |last4=Koch |first4=Kerstin |title=Plant Surfaces: Structures and Functions for Biomimetic Innovations |journal=Nano-Micro Letters |date=April 2017 |volume=9 |issue=2 |page=23 |doi=10.1007/s40820-016-0125-1 |pmid=30464998 |pmc=6223843 |bibcode=2017NML.....9...23B}}</ref> He provided the first evidence that superhydrophobicity evolved probably as a "key innovation" for the land transition of life already in Precambrian cyanobacteria a billion years ago.<ref>Barthlott, W., Büdel, B., Mail, M., Neumann, K.M., Bartels D. & E. Fischer (24 May 2022). [https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.880439/full "Superhydrophobic terrestrial Cyanobacteria and land plant transition"]. ''Frontiers in Plant Science''. {{doi |10.3389/fpls.2022.880439|doi-access=free}}</ref> Ongoing research areas include air-retaining surfaces on the model of the floating fern ''Salvinia'', which is based on a complex physical principle (Salvinia effect). Technical application of this effect is conceivable in shipping: By means of a reduction in frictional resistance ("passive air lubrication"), a 10% decrease in fuel consumption could potentially be achieved.<ref>''Busch, J.; Barthlott, W.; Brede, M.; Terlau, W.; Mail, M. (11 February 2019). "Bionics and green technology in maritime shipping: an assessment of the effect of Salvinia air-layer hull coatings for drag and fuel reduction". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 377 (2138): 20180263''</ref> Another application is the oil-water-separation by adsorption and transportation of oil on air retaining surfaces.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Barthlott |first1=W. |last2=Moosmann |first2=M. |last3=Noll |first3=I. |last4=Akdere |first4=M. |last5=Wagner |first5=J. |last6=Roling |first6=N. |last7=Koepchen-Thomä |first7=L. |last8=Azad |first8=M. A. K. |last9=Klopp |first9=K. |last10=Gries |first10=T. |last11=Mail |first11=M. |title=Adsorption and superficial transport of oil on biological and bionic superhydrophobic surfaces: a novel technique for oil–water separation |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences |date=20 March 2020 |volume=378 |issue=2167 |article-number=20190447 |doi=10.1098/rsta.2019.0447 |pmid=32008452 |pmc=7015282 |bibcode=2020RSPTA.37890447B}}</ref><ref>Beek, L., Barthlott, W. et al, (2023): Self-driven sustainable oil separation from water surfaces by biomimetic adsorbing and transporting textiles - Separations 10, 2023. - https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/10/12/592/pdf)</ref> Barthlott very early warned that the addition of surfactants within the global application of pesticides in agriculture disrupts the pathogen defense of crops and should be reduced<ref>Noga et al. (1991): ''Quantitative evaluation of epicuticular wax alterations as induced by surfactant treatment.'' Angew. Bot. 65: S. 239–252</ref>
<gallery widths="200" heights="200" perrow="4"> File:Biodiversity Global Plant Species.png|The first detailed world map of biodiversity of plants 1996 shows the global distribution of plants File:Barthlottia madagascariensis (Scrophulariaceae) at type locality SE Madagascar - Foto Charles Rakotavao (Tropicos®), W. Barthlott, Lotus.Salvinia.de.jpg|''Barthlottia madagascariensis'', a large shrub from the foxglove family in Madagascar File:Salvinia molesta © W. Barthlott, Lotus-Salvinia.de.jpg|The complex hairy surface of the floating fern ''Salvinia'', led to the discovery of the physically complex Salvinia effect related to the lotus effect. It can be technically applied for passive air lubrication in ship hull or for oil-water-separation File:Lotus-Effekt (Honey spoon 3) © W. Barthlott, Lotus-Salvinia.de.jpg|This honey-spoon, at the Bonn University in 1994, was the first technical product to demonstrate the self-cleaning effect of superhydrophobic surfaces after the discovery of the lotus-effect in 1977 File:Hassallia byssoidea (Cyanobacteria) Superhydrophobic Bacterium and Lotus-Effect © W. Barthlott, www. Lotus-Salvinia.de (1).jpg|''Hassallia byssoidea'' (biofilm and attached to the water droplet) is a terrestrial cyanobacterium forming extreme water-repellent biofilms on rocks. It uses the lotus effect for dispersal. Superhydrophobicity probably already evolved a billion years ago and may have played a crucial role in the land transition of life<ref>Barthlott et al. (2022): ''Superhydrophobic terrestrial Cyanobacteria and land plant transition'' – Front. Plant. Sci, [https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.880439/full doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.880439]</ref> </gallery>
== Honors and awards == * 1990 Member of the Academy of Science and Literature in Mainz<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.adwmainz.de/mitglieder.html|title=Literatur, Musik, Wissenschaft: Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur |location=Mainz|website=www.adwmainz.de|access-date=10 October 2021}}</ref> * 1991 Foreign member of the Linnean Society of London. * 1997 Member of the Academy of Science of North Rhine-Westphalia Düsseldorf * 1997 Karl-Heinz-Beckurts Award * 1998 Nomination for the German Future Innovation Award (Deutscher Zukunftspreis des Bundespräsidenten) * 1998 Order of Andrès Bello of President Rafael Caldera of the Republic of Venezuela * 1999 Member of the German National Academy of Sciences, Leopoldina<ref>Mitgliedseintrag von ''[http://www.leopoldina.org/de/mitglieder/mitgliederverzeichnis/member/1302/ Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Barthlott]'' (mit Bild und CV) bei der Deutschen Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina, retrieved 29 June 2016.</ref> * 1999 Philip Morris Award * 1999 German Environmental Prize (Deutscher Umweltpreis)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dbu.de/123artikel2195_2418.html|title=DBU – Deutscher Umweltpreis 1999 – Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Barthlott {{pipe}} Stichwort: Entdeckung des Lotuseffekts {{pipe}} Deutscher Umweltpreis|website=www.dbu.de|access-date=10 October 2021}}</ref> * 2001 Treviranus Medal of the Association of German Biologists (Verband Deutscher Biologen) * 2001 GlobArt Award (Austria)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.globart.at/projects/award/ | title=GLOBART | GLOBART Award }}</ref> * 2002 Cactus d'Or (Monaco)<ref>{{cite journal | jstor=1554889 | title=News and Notes | journal=Taxon | date=2002 | volume=51 | issue=3 | pages=593–595 | doi=10.1002/tax.513004 | bibcode=2002Taxon..51..593. }}</ref> * 2004 Scientist in Residence of the University Duisburg-Essen * 2005 Innovation Award of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research * 2006 Award of the university competition "Ingenious Inventors" (Hochschulwettbewerb Patente Erfinder) of North Rhine-Westphalia * 2007 Maecenas medal of the University of Bonn * 2010 – 2026 Director of the Board and one of the founding directors of the International Society of Bionic Engineering (ISBE) * The shrub Barthlottia madagascariensis and several other plants are named after Wilhelm Barthlott
== Publications == Barthlott's publications comprise more than 480 titles, including many books. List in [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=IKKr5qEAAAAJ&hl=en Google Scholar] and [https://search.worldcat.org/de/search?q=barthlott World Library Catalogue]
=== Selected works ===
*Beek, L., Barthlott, W. et al, (2023): Self-driven sustainable oil separation from water surfaces by biomimetic adsorbing and transporting textiles - Separations 10, 2023 - https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/10/12/592/pdf *Barthlott, W. (2023). [https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527690688.ch15 "The Discovery of the Lotus Effect as a Key Innovation for Biomimetic Technologies"]. in: ''Handbook of Self-Cleaning Surfaces and Materials: From Fundamentals to Applications'', Chapter 15, pp. 359–369 - Wiley-VCH. [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9783527690688.ch15 doi:10.1002/9783527690688.ch15] *Barthlott, W., (2022): "Superhydrophobic terrestrial Cyanobacteria and land plant transition". ''Frontiers of Plant Science''. [https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.880439/full doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.880439] *Gandyra, D. et al. (October 2020): ''[https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/1000125929/92424573 "Air Retention under Water by the Floating Fern Salvinia: The Crucial Role of a Trapped Air Layer as a Pneumatic Spring"].'' ''Small. 16 (42): 2003425.'' [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smll.202003425 doi:10.1002/smll.202003425.] PMID 32996250. S2CID 222165388 *Barthlott, W. (2020): Plants and nature in Bible and Quran - how respect for nature connects us. - pp. 233–244 in Proceed. Conf. "Science and Actions for Species Protection: Noah's Arks for the 21st Century, May 2019, Eds. J.von Braun et al. – The Pontifical Academy of Sciences PAS, Vatican City *{{cite journal |last1=Barthlott |first1=W. |title=Adsorption and superficial transport of oil on biological and bionic superhydrophobic surfaces: a novel technique for oil–water separation |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences |date=20 March 2020 |volume=378 |issue=2167 |article-number=20190447 |doi=10.1098/rsta.2019.0447 |pmid=32008452 |pmc=7015282 |bibcode=2020RSPTA.37890447B}} *{{cite journal |last1=Mail |first1=M. |last2=Moosmann |first2=M. |last3=Häger |first3=P. |last4=Barthlott |first4=W. |title=Air retaining grids—a novel technology to maintain stable air layers under water for drag reduction |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences |date=29 July 2019 |volume=377 |issue=2150 |article-number=20190126 |doi=10.1098/rsta.2019.0126 |pmid=31177962 |pmc=6562350 |bibcode=2019RSPTA.37790126M}} *{{cite journal|last1=Mail|first1=M.|last2=Klein|first2=A.|last3=Bleckmann|first3=H.|last4=Schmitz|first4=A.|last5=Scherer|first5=T.|last6=Rühr|first6=P. T|last7=Lovric|first7=G.|last8=Fröhlingsdorf|first8=R.|last9=Gorb|first9=S. N|last10=Barthlott|first10=W.| title=A new bioinspired method for pressure and flow sensing based on the underwater air-retaining surface of the backswimmer Notonecta|journal=Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology|date=14 December 2018|volume=9|pages=3039–3047|doi=10.3762/bjnano.9.282|pmid=30591851|pmc=6296424}} *{{cite journal |last1=Busch |first1=J. |last2=Barthlott |first2=W. |last3=Brede |first3=M. |last4=Terlau |first4=W. |last5=Mail |first5=M. |title=Bionics and green technology in maritime shipping: an assessment of the effect of ''Salvinia'' air-layer hull coatings for drag and fuel reduction |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences |date=11 February 2019 |volume=377 |issue=2138 |article-number=20180263 |doi=10.1098/rsta.2018.0263 |pmid=30967069 |bibcode=2019RSPTA.37780263B |s2cid=106408059 |doi-access=free}} *{{cite book |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-54529-5_7-1 |chapter=Plant Cuticular Waxes: Composition, Function, and Interactions with Microorganisms |title=Hydrocarbons, Oils and Lipids: Diversity, Origin, Chemistry and Fate |year=2018 |last1=Zeisler-Diehl |first1=V. Valeska |last2=Barthlott |first2=W. |last3=Schreiber |first3=L. |pages=1–16 |isbn=978-3-319-54529-5|s2cid=92348167}} *Da, Sié et al. ''(September 2018).'' ''"Plant biodiversity patterns along a climatic gradient and across protected areas in West Africa". African Journal of Ecology.'' 56 (3): 641–652. [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AfJEc..56..641D/abstract Bibcode:2018AfJEc..56..641D]. [https://doi.org/10.1111/aje.12517. doi:10.1111/aje.12517] *''Moosmann, M. et al.: (2017-08-11).'' ''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5564253/ "Air–water interface of submerged superhydrophobic surfaces imaged by atomic force microscopy"]. Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. 8 (1): 1671–1679. [https://www.beilstein-journals.org/bjnano/articles/8/167 doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.167]. ISSN 2190-4286. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5564253/ PMC 5564253]. PMID 28875104'' *''Barthlott, W. et al:'' Bionics and Biodiversity – Bio-inspired Technical Innovation for a Sustainable Future, in: "Biomimetic Research for Architecture and Building Construction: Biological Design and Integrative Structures" (Eds.: Knippers, J. / Nickel, K. / Speck, T.), Springer Publishers. [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-46374-2 http://www.springer.com/us/book/9783319463728] *Barthlott, W. et al. (2016): Pflanzen der Heiligen Bücher Bibel und Koran - النباتات في الكتب السماوية: الإنجيل و القرآن. BfN Skript No. 448, 106 S. https://www.bfn.de/publikationen/bfn-schriften/bfn-schriften-448-pflanzen-der-heiligen-buecher-bibel-und-koran *{{cite journal |last1=Barthlott |first1=W. |last2=Mail |first2=M. |last3=Neinhuis |first3=C. |title=Superhydrophobic hierarchically structured surfaces in biology: evolution, structural principles and biomimetic applications |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences |date=6 August 2016 |volume=374 |issue=2073 |article-number=20160191 |doi=10.1098/rsta.2016.0191 |pmid=27354736 |pmc=4928508 |bibcode=2016RSPTA.37460191B}} *Barthlott, W. et al. (2015): Biogeography and Biodiversity of Cacti. - Schumannia '''7''', pp. 1–205, ISSN 1437-2517 *Barthlott, W. et al. (2014): Orchid seed diversity: A scanning electron microscopy survey. – Englera '''32''', pp. 1–244. *{{cite journal |last1=Yan |first1=Y.Y. |last2=Gao |first2=N. |last3=Barthlott |first3=W. |title=Mimicking natural superhydrophobic surfaces and grasping the wetting process: A review on recent progress in preparing superhydrophobic surfaces |journal=Advances in Colloid and Interface Science |date=December 2011 |volume=169 |issue=2 |pages=80–105 |doi=10.1016/j.cis.2011.08.005 |pmid=21974918}} *{{cite journal |last1=Sommer |first1=Jan Henning |last2=Kreft |first2=Holger |last3=Kier |first3=Gerold |last4=Jetz |first4=Walter |last5=Mutke |first5=Jens |last6=Barthlott |first6=Wilhelm |title=Projected impacts of climate change on regional capacities for global plant species richness |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |date=7 August 2010 |volume=277 |issue=1692 |pages=2271–2280 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2010.0120 |pmid=20335215 |pmc=2894901}} *{{cite journal |last1=Kier |first1=G. |last2=Kreft |first2=H. |last3=Lee |first3=T. M. |last4=Jetz |first4=W. |last5=Ibisch |first5=P. L. |last6=Nowicki |first6=C. |last7=Mutke |first7=J. |last8=Barthlott |first8=W. |title=A global assessment of endemism and species richness across island and mainland regions |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=9 June 2009 |volume=106 |issue=23 |pages=9322–9327 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0810306106 |pmid=19470638 |pmc=2685248 |bibcode=2009PNAS..106.9322K |doi-access=free}} *''Barthlott, W. et al.: (July 2009). "A torch in the rain forest: thermogenesis of the Titan arum (Amorphophallus titanum)". Plant Biology. 11 (4): 499–505.'' [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PlBio..11..499B/abstract Bibcode:2009PlBio..11..499B]. [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2008.00147.x doi:10.1111/j.1438-8677.2008.00147.x]. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19538388/ PMID 19538388] *Barthlott, W. et al. (2007): The curious world of carnivorous plants. 244 pp., Timber Press *{{cite journal |last1=Greilhuber |first1=J. |last2=Borsch |first2=T. |last3=Müller |first3=K. |last4=Worberg |first4=A. |last5=Porembski |first5=S. |last6=Barthlott |first6=W. |title=Smallest Angiosperm Genomes Found in Lentibulariaceae, with Chromosomes of Bacterial Size |journal=Plant Biology |date=November 2006 |volume=8 |issue=6 |pages=770–777 |doi=10.1055/s-2006-924101 |pmid=17203433|bibcode=2006PlBio...8..770G |s2cid=260252929 }} *Barthlott, W. et al. (2005): Global centres of vascular plant diversity. Nova Acta Leopoldina 92 (342): 61-83 *{{cite journal |last1=Borsch |first1=T. |last2=Hilu |first2=K. W. |last3=Quandt |first3=D. |last4=Wilde |first4=V. |last5=Neinhuis |first5=C. |last6=Barthlott |first6=W. |title=Noncoding plastid trnT-trnF sequences reveal a well resolved phylogeny of basal angiosperms |journal=Journal of Evolutionary Biology |date=July 2003 |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=558–576 |doi=10.1046/j.1420-9101.2003.00577.x |pmid=14632220 |s2cid=12913775|doi-access=free }} *''Barthlott, W. eds. (2001). Biodiversity.'' [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-662-06071-1 doi:10.1007/978-3-662-06071-1]. {{ISBN|978-3-642-08370-9}} *{{cite book |last1=Porembski |first1=S. |last2=Barthlott |first2=W. |doi=10.1007/978-3-642-59773-2 |title=Inselbergs |series=Ecological Studies |year=2000 |volume=146 |isbn=978-3-642-64120-6|s2cid=263998814 }} *''Barthlott, W. Lobin, W. (Edts), Amorphophallus titanium (a monograph), 226 pp, Trop. Subtrop. Pflanzenwelt Vol. 99, Akad. Science, Mainz, F. Steiner, 1998'' [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261946630_Amorphophallus_titanum (PDF) Amorphophallus titanum (researchgate.net)] *{{cite journal |last1=Barthlott |first1=W. |last2=Porembski |first2=S. |last3=Fischer |first3=E. |last4=Gemmel |first4=B. |title=First protozoa-trapping plant found |journal=Nature |date=April 1998 |volume=392 |issue=6675 |page=447 |doi=10.1038/33037 |bibcode=1998Natur.392Q.447B |s2cid=4415405 |doi-access=free}} *{{cite journal |last1=Barthlott |first1=W. |last2=Neinhuis |first2=C. |title=Purity of the sacred lotus, or escape from contamination in biological surfaces |journal=Planta |date=30 April 1997 |volume=202 |issue=1 |pages=1–8 |doi=10.1007/s004250050096 |bibcode=1997Plant.202....1B |s2cid=37872229}} *{{cite journal |last1=Wagner |first1=T. |last2=Neinhuis |first2=C. |last3=Barthlott |first3=W. |title=Wettability and Contaminability of Insect Wings as a Function of Their Surface Sculptures |journal=Acta Zoologica |date=July 1996 |volume=77 |issue=3 |pages=213–225 |doi=10.1111/j.1463-6395.1996.tb01265.x|s2cid=84502320 }} *Burr, B. et al. (1995): Untersuchungen zur Ultraviolettreflexion von Angiospermenblüten. III. Dilleniidae und Asteridae. 186 pp, Akad. Wiss. Lit. Mainz. F. Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262001351_Untersuchungen_zur_Ultraviolettreflexion_von_Angiospermenbluten_II_Magnoliidae_Ranunculidae_Hamamelididae_Caryophyllidae_Rosidae (PDF) (researchgate.net)] *{{cite journal |id={{INIST|5594526}} |last1=Noga |first1=G |last2=Wolter |first2=M. |last3=Barthlott |first3=W. |last4=Petry |first4=W. |title=Quantitative evaluation of epicuticular wax alterations as induced by surfactant treatment |journal=Quantitative Evaluation of Epicuticular Wax Alterations as Induced by Surfactant Treatment |date=1991 |volume=65 |issue=3–4 |pages=239–252}} *Barthlott, W., Wollenweber, E. (1981): Zur Feinstruktur, Chemie und taxonomischen Signifikanz epicuticularer Wachse und ähnlicher Sekrete. 67 S., Akad. Wiss. Lit. Mainz. F. Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262002094_Zur_Feinstruktur_Chemie_und_taxonomischen_Signifikanz_epicuticularer_Wachse_und_ahnlicher_Sekrete (PDF) (researchgate.net)] *Barthlott, W. (1979): Cacti. 249 S., Stanley Thornes Publishers, London. *Barthlott, W., Ehler, N. (1977): Raster-Elektronenmikroskopie der Epidermis-Oberflächen von Spermatophyten. 105 pp ., Akad. Wiss. Lit. Mainz. F. Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart. http://lotus-salvinia.de/pdf/024.%20Barthlott_Ehler%201977%20Epidermisoberflaechen%20Spermatophyten.pdf or [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262002166_Raster-Elektronenmikroskopie_der_Epidermis-Oberflachen_von_Spermatophyten (PDF) (researchgate.net)]
{{botanist|Barthlott}}
== References == {{reflist}}
== External links == * [http://www.ipni.org/ipni/advAuthorSearch.do?find_abbreviation=Barthlott Autoreintrag] und [http://www.ipni.org/ipni/advPlantNameSearch.do?find_includePublicationAuthors=on&find_includeBasionymAuthors=on&find_rankToReturn=all&output_format=normal&find_authorAbbrev=Barthlott Liste der beschriebenen Pflanzennamen] für Wilhelm Barthlott beim IPNI * The Lotus Effect [http://lotus-salvinia.de/index.php/de-de/235-PhilipMorris http://lotus-salvinia.de/index.php/de-de/235-PhilipMorris] by Philip Morris Stiftung Foundation 1998 * The Salvinia Effect [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1D4g_XWhyKs "Lufthaltende Schiffsbeschichtungen nach biologischem Vorbild zur Reibungsreduktion"] Fraunhofer UMSICHT * Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Barthlott: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ehhiCxFGXzE 99 seconds for the future of biodiversity] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xp0SAdDUQ-o How the Lotus Effect was discovered] * German Award for the Environment [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y_bRmB2RiU0 Deutscher Umweltpreis] * [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Wilhelm_Barthlott?uselang=de Commons: Wilhelm Barthlott] * [https://search.worldcat.org/de/search?q=barthlott+wilhelm World Catalogue of Books]
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barthlott, Wilhelm}} Category:1946 births Category:20th-century German botanists Category:Living people Category:Members of the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina Category:21st-century German botanists Category:Academic staff of the University of Bonn Category:German people of French descent Category:Free University of Berlin alumni Category:University of Bonn alumni Category:Scientists from Baden-Württemberg