{{Short description|Species of plant}} {{Speciesbox |image = Wikstroemia indica fruit.jpg |genus = Wikstroemia |species = indica |authority = (L.) C.A.Mey.<ref>{{GRIN | accessdate = 2012-02-26 }}</ref> | synonyms = {{Collapsible list |title = Synonyms list | *''Capura purpurata'' {{small|L. (1771)}} *''Daphne cannabina'' {{small|Lour. (1790)}} *''Daphne indica'' {{small|L. (1753)}} (basionym) *''Daphne indica alba'' {{small|J.R.Duncan & V.C.Davies (1925)}} *''Daphne indica subsp. linearifolia'' {{small|(Elmer) Halda (1999)}} *''Daphne indica subsp. novae-caledoniae'' {{small|(Gand.) Halda (1999)}} *''Daphne viridiflora'' {{small|Wall. (1829), not validly publ.}} *''Daphne zhouana'' {{small|Halda (1999)}} *''Diplomorpha viridiflora'' {{small|(Wall. ex Meisn.) C.A.Mey. (1843)}} *''Wikstroemia amplifolia'' {{small|(Schltr.) Domke (1934)}} *''Wikstroemia forsteri'' {{small|Decne. (1844)}} *''Wikstroemia indica var. amplifolia'' {{small|Schltr. (1906)}} *''Wikstroemia indica var. insularis'' {{small|Schltr. (1906)}} *''Wikstroemia indica var. viridiflora'' {{small|(Wall. ex Meisn.) Hook.f. (1886)}} *''Wikstroemia linearifolia'' {{small|Elmer (1910)}} *''Wikstroemia linearifolia'' {{small|H.F.Zhou ex C.Y.Chang (1986), nom. illeg.}} *''Wikstroemia novae-caledoniae'' {{small|Gand. (1913)}} *''Wikstroemia ovalifolia'' {{small|Decne. (1844)}} *''Wikstroemia ovata'' {{small|Fern.-Vill. (1880), nom. illeg.}} *''Wikstroemia pachyphylla'' {{small|Merr. (1917)}} *''Wikstroemia pulgarensis'' {{small|Elmer (1913)}} *''Wikstroemia purpurata'' {{small|(L.) Druce (1917)}} *''Wikstroemia shuttleworthiana'' {{small|Meisn. (1857)}} *''Wikstroemia shuttleworthii'' {{small|Meisn. (1841)}} *''Wikstroemia subcoriacea'' {{small|Merr. (1917)}} *''Wikstroemia valbrayi'' {{small|H.Lév. (1915)}} *''Wikstroemia viridiflora'' {{small|Wall. ex Meisn. (1841)}} *''Wikstroemia viridiflora var. acuta'' {{small|Lecomte (1915)}} *''Wikstroemia zhouana'' {{small|(Halda) C.Shang & S.Liao (2016)}} *''Xylosma cochine'' {{small|Lour. ex Gomes Mach. (1868)}} }} |synonyms_ref = <ref name="powo">{{cite web |title=''Wikstroemia indica'' (L.) C.A.Mey. |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:833115-1 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=16 September 2024}}</ref> }}
'''''Wikstroemia indica''''', also known as '''tie bush''', '''Indian stringbush''', '''bootlace bush''', or '''small-leaf salago''' ({{zh|c=了哥王|p=liǎo gē wáng}}; Vietnamese: ''dó liệt'') is a small shrub with glossy leaves, small greenish-yellow flowers and toxic red fruits. It grows in forests and on rocky, shrubby slopes in central and southeastern China, Vietnam, India, Australia and the Philippines.<ref>{{ cite web | url = http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=242414627 | title = ''Wikstroemia indica'' (Linnaeus) C. A. Meyer | website = Flora of China | publisher = eFlora | accessdate = 2012-02-26 }}</ref><ref>{{ cite web | url = http://hortuscamden.com/plants/view/wikstroemia-indica-l.-c.a.mey | title = ''Wikstroemia indica'' (L.) C. A. Mey | publisher = Hortus Camdenensis | accessdate = 2012-02-26 }}</ref>
==Toxicity== ''W. indica'' is toxic<ref>{{Cite book | author = Xie, W.Z. | year = 1996 | title = National Chinese Traditional Medicine Compilation | publisher = People' s Publishing House | location = Beijing: China | pages = 10–12}}</ref> and the poisoning caused by ''W. indica'' leads to dizziness, blurred vision, nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, abdominal pain and diarrhea.<ref name=Li>{{ cite journal | url = http://benthamscience.com/cpb/sample/cpb10-8/0002G.pdf | title = Bioactive Components and Pharmacological Action of ''Wikstroemia indica'' (L.) C. A. Mey. and its Clinical Application | author = Li, Y.-M. | author2 = Zhu, L. | author3 = Jiang, J.-G. | author4 = Yang, L. | author5 = Wang, D.-Y. | journal = Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology | year = 2009 | volume = 10 | pages = 743–752 | pmid = 19939213 | issn = 1389-2010 | doi = 10.2174/138920109789978748 | issue = 8 }}</ref>
==Uses== It is one of the 50 fundamental herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine. As a traditional Chinese herb, this plant has long been employed as an antipyretic, detoxicant, expectorant, vermifuge, and abortifacient in clinical practice in China.<ref name=Li/>
In Vinh, paper made by hand from the phloem fibers of ''W. indica'' is used for packaging freshly caught fish. To make the paper, peeled bark of ''W. indica'' is harvested in Quỳnh Lưu and shipped in dehydrated bales to Nghi Lộc, where the fibers are rehydrated, scraped, cooked, beaten into pulp, bleached, rinsed, suspended in water, and cast into sheets using large moulds made of mosquito netting and rebar, which are then left in the sun. Once dry, the resulting sheets are peeled from their moulds, folded in quarters, and sold to fishermen in Vinh. The paper helps to keep fish fresh, and prevents it from drying out during cooking.<ref>Ojascastro, J., Pham, V. Y., Trần H. N., & Hart, R. E. (2024). Hand Papermaking Traditions of Việt Nam. Society of Ethnobiobiology. https://ethnobiology.org/publications/contributions/hand-papermaking-traditions-viet-nam</ref><ref>Ojascastro, J. (2024). Of fishes, fibers, and formation aid: the dó liệt papermakers of Nghi Phong, Vietnam. Hand Papermaking 39(1), 43-46. https://www.handpapermaking.org/magazine-articles/of-fishes-fibers-and-formation-aid-the-do-liet-papermakers-of-nghi-phong-vietnam</ref>
==Chemicals== An alcoholic extract of the plant was found to contain daphnoretin, chrysophanol, myricitrime and rutin.<ref name=Lu>{{ cite journal | vauthors = Lu CL, Zhu L, Piao JH, Jiang JG | title = Chemical compositions extracted from Wikstroemia indica and their multiple activities | journal = Pharm. Biol. | year = 2012 | volume = 50 | issue = 2 | pages = 225–231 | doi = 10.3109/13880209.2011.596207 | pmid = 22235889| doi-access = free }}</ref> The extract of ''W. indica'' displays antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities ''in vitro''.<ref name=Lu/>
==Gallery== <gallery> File:The botany of Captain Beechey's voyage; comprising an acount of the plants collected by Messrs. Lay and Collie, and other officers of the expedition, during the voyage to the Pacific and Behring's (20396994182).jpg|Botanical line drawing showing foliage and flowers. Plant labelled with obsolete name ''Daphne indica''.</gallery>
==References== {{Commons category}} {{Reflist}}
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indica Category:Medicinal plants Category:Plants used in traditional Chinese medicine