{{Use British English|date=August 2014}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}} thumb|right|<div style="text-align: center;">Wallace Brownlow</div> '''Wallace Brownlow''' (1861<ref>1891 Census PRO RG12/219</ref> – 7 September 1919) was an opera singer and actor of the Victorian era best known for baritone roles in the operas of Gilbert and Sullivan, first with the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company in the UK and on tour, and later with J. C. Williamson in Australia. He also appeared in other stage roles in London, New York, and elsewhere, and made some silent films in America.
Brownlow's adventures as a youth included an apprenticeship at sea, service with the Cape Mounted Rifles in South Africa, brief stints as a journalist, a banker and a gold miner, before being attracted to the stage. He performed with the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company from 1884 to 1891. There he had the opportunity to create the roles of Harrington Jarramie in ''Mrs. Jarramie's Genie'', Lieutenant Cholmondeley in ''The Yeomen of the Guard'' (both in 1888) and Luiz in ''The Gondoliers'' (1889). He left the company to create the roles of Prince John in Arthur Sullivan's grand opera ''Ivanhoe'' and the Duc de Longueville in ''La Basoche'' (both in 1891). He next played in a number of comic operas in London through 1893, the year that he petitioned for divorce from his first wife, another member of the D'Oyly Carte.
With J. C. Williamson in Australia, Brownlow appeared in ''Ma mie Rosette'' (1894) and in a revival of ''H.M.S. Pinafore'' (1895). In 1900 he appeared in more Gilbert and Sullivan roles in Australia, and as The Sultan in ''The Rose of Persia'', Abercoed in ''Florodora'', and in ''A Trip to Chinatown''. In 1902 he was injured by falling through a door and recovered substantial damages. Still in Australia, he wrote the lyrics for several songs, but his alcoholism contributed to his failure in a venture managing a hotel. He took his family to the United States by 1904, where he appeared in several Broadway productions of comic operas and in some silent films. He returned to Australia, but his alcoholism soon ended his career, and he committed suicide there in 1919.
== Early life == Brownlow was born in Westminster, London, in 1861, one of five children of Charlotte ''née'' Burrough (1831–1891) and Edward Brownlow (1823–1891). In 1861 his father was a Sergeant in the Coldstream Guards,<ref>[https://www.ancestry.co.uk/interactive/8767/MDXRG9_48_50-0435/254358?backurl=https://www.ancestry.co.uk/family-tree/person/tree/3365631/person/-365261762/facts/citation/470521519/edit/record "Edward Brownlow"], 1861 England Census for Middlesex, Westminster St John the Evangelist, Ancestry.com {{subscription required}}</ref> and by 1871 he was a Drill Master for the Chelsea Pensioners and the Yeoman of the Queen's Bodyguard.<ref>[https://www.ancestry.co.uk/interactive/7619/LNDRG10_623_625-0553/5420054?backurl=https://www.ancestry.co.uk/family-tree/person/tree/3365631/person/-1008082707/facts/citation/-680493657/edit/record 1871 England Census for Wallace Brownlow], London, Ancestry.com {{subscription required}}</ref>
In an 1894 interview for the magazine ''Table Talk'' in Melbourne, Australia, Brownlow said that in 1874, aged 13, he left home as an apprentice on a 600-ton brig on a journey to Adelaide, remaining at sea until 1877 including a period aboard HMS ''Active'' off the Zulu Coast. In South Africa he tried his hand at vine cultivation but after a few months he joined the Cape Mounted Rifles, aged 17. As he looked old enough and could ride, the authorities did not insist upon the production of his birth certificate. Brownlow saw some service in the Baphuti campaign and was present at the capture of chief Morosi. When in September 1880 the Basuto rebellion broke out Brownlow, then a corporal, found himself among a detachment of 200 men besieged at Mafeteng by 6,000 Basutos under the command of chief Lorothodi. Brownlow received a gunshot wound and was promoted to sergeant. His gallant action at Ramabidikives village in February 1881 gained him a commission to lieutenant. Lieutenant Colonel Edward Brabant wrote in his dispatch: <blockquote> I wish particularly to bring to notice the name of Sergeant Wallace Brownlow, Cape Mounted Rifles who commanded the scouts, and by whose courage and intelligence in keeping me thoroughly informed of the movements of the enemy up to the moment of the charge I was enabled to place the men in the position most favourable to receive the enemy's attack. Sergeant Brownlow came in with the Basutos, one of them falling dead upon him and covering him with blood.<ref name=Table>[https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/145859462 "Mr Wallace Brownlow"], ''Table Talk'', 22 June 1894, p. 6</ref> </blockquote>
[[File:BrownlowasLt.jpg|thumb|left|upright|<div style="text-align: center;">As Sir Richard Cholmondeley in ''The Yeomen of the Guard'', 1888</div>]] When the war ended in 1881 Brownlow left the Cape Mounted Rifles and became a journalist on the staff of an Orange Free State newspaper published half in Dutch and half in English. Making a little money he returned to England, enjoyed a holiday, and then, to please his father, took a position in a banking house in London. A month's trial convinced him to leave banking, and he went to Canada to visit his brother in Montreal before starting on a gold mining expedition to the Lake of the Woods, but the venture failed. By late 1883 Brownlow was back in London where he saw an advertisement offering to launch amateur performers who wished to turn professional, on payment of a £5 fee. Brownlow paid the fee and made his first appearance on a stage as a comic policeman at the Imperial Theatre in Westminster. The show failed, but it gave Brownlow the advantage of being able to state that he had some stage experience.<ref name=Table/>
== D'Oyly Carte Opera Company == Brownlow joined a D'Oyly Carte Opera Company touring company in 1884 and was assigned to the chorus. On 22 March 1884 he married fellow D'Oyly Carte member Sarah "Siddie" Symons (c. 1857–1911).<ref>[https://www.ancestry.co.uk/interactive/8913/ONS_M18844AZ-0205?pid=28039203&backurl=https://search.ancestry.co.uk/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv%3D1%26dbid%3D8913%26h%3D28039203%26tid%3D%26pid%3D%26usePUB%3Dtrue%26_phsrc%3Ddjv3779%26_phstart%3DsuccessSource&treeid=&personid=&hintid=&usePUB=true&_phsrc=djv3779&_phstart=successSource&usePUBJs=true&_ga=2.193226861.1164801204.1594324100-1197399642.1515349816 "Siddie Symons"], England & Wales, Civil Registration Marriage Index, 1837–1915 for 1884, Q1-Jan-Feb-Mar, Ancestry.com {{subscription required}}</ref> He travelled to the United States in 1885 in the chorus of ''The Mikado'' with D'Oyly Carte's first American ''Mikado'' company in New York City and Boston, Massachusetts. He next toured Germany and Austria with D'Oyly Carte in 1886. During this tour, Brownlow appeared as the Foreman of the Jury in ''Trial by Jury'', his first principal role. He first appeared at the Savoy Theatre in London in the chorus in the original 1887 production of ''Ruddigore''. As the understudy to Richard Temple, Brownlow played the character of Sir Roderick Murgatroyd in August 1887.
[[File:Wallace Brownlow and Decima Moore (1889).jpg|right|upright|thumb|<div style="text-align: center;">With Decima Moore as Luiz and Casilda in ''The Gondoliers''</div>]]
Brownlow continued in the chorus at the Savoy Theatre during the first London revivals of ''H.M.S. Pinafore'', ''The Pirates of Penzance'', and ''The Mikado''. A one-act comic opera, ''Mrs. Jarramie's Genie'', written by Frank Desprez and composed by Alfred Cellier and his brother Francois was the curtain raiser for these revivals, beginning in February 1888, and Brownlow created the role of the retired upholsterer, Harrington Jarramie.
Brownlow created the role of Sir Richard Cholmondeley, the Lieutenant of the Tower of London in the next Savoy opera, ''The Yeomen of the Guard'', in 1888 at the Savoy Theatre. Coincidentally, his father had been Drill Master of the Yeomen of the Queen's Body Guard.<ref>1871 Census PRO RG10/625</ref> He next created the role of Luiz in ''The Gondoliers'', which he played from the opera's premiere in December 1889 until April 1891.<ref name=Ayre>{{cite book|last=Ayre|first=Leslie|year=1972|title=The Gilbert & Sullivan Companion|location=London|page=54|publisher=W.H. Allen & Co Ltd}}</ref>
Brownlow left the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company to play Prince John in Arthur Sullivan's grand opera ''Ivanhoe'' and as the Duc de Longueville in ''La Basoche'' at the Royal English Opera House (both 1891). He next played in a number of comic operas in London through 1893, including the role of William in ''Blue-Eyed Susan'', composed by F. Osmond Carr, at the Prince of Wales's Theatre in 1892.<ref>{{cite book|title=A Dictionary of the Drama|author=William Davenport Adams|year=1904|publisher=Chatto & Windus|isbn= |url=https://archive.org/details/adictionarydram01adamgoog| page=[https://archive.org/details/adictionarydram01adamgoog/page/n190 177]|quote=wallace brownlow.}}</ref> By this time Brownlow's marriage had deteriorated because of his serial infidelity. In 1893 he petitioned for divorce citing his wife's supposed adultery, charges she denied; she counter-petitioned in 1894 citing his alleged adultery with various women, charges he denied.<ref name=Kurt>Kurt Gänzl. [https://kurtofgerolstein.blogspot.com/2020/07/cartesians-one-madhouse-one-suicide-one.html?m=1 "Cartesians: One madhouse, one suicide, one flight, uncountable infidelities and even a bit of singing"], Kurt of Gerolstein, 9 July 2020</ref><ref name=Divorce>[https://www.ancestry.co.uk/interactive/2465/40243_612057_6937-00000?pid=46610&backurl=https://search.ancestry.co.uk/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv%3D1%26dbid%3D2465%26h%3D46610%26tid%3D%26pid%3D%26usePUB%3Dtrue%26_phsrc%3Ddjv3782%26_phstart%3DsuccessSource&treeid=&personid=&hintid=&usePUB=true&_phsrc=djv3782&_phstart=successSource&usePUBJs=true&_ga=2.235416641.1164801204.1594324100-1197399642.1515349816#?imageId=40243_612057_6937-00010 "Brownlow v Brownlow v Webster"], England & Wales, Civil Divorce Records, 1858–1918, 1893, Ancestry.com {{subscription required}}</ref>
== Australia, US, and later years == [[File:wallacebrownlow-sultan.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Brownlow as The Sultan <br>in ''The Rose of Persia'']] Brownlow then travelled to Australia to work for J. C. Williamson, appearing in the 1894 production of ''Ma mie Rosette'', with Nellie Stewart<ref name=MusAustralia>[http://www.musicaustralia.org/apps/MA?function=searchResults&term1=Brownlow,%20Wallace.&scope=scope¶meter1=phrase&location1=Anywhere Information from Music Australia]</ref> and in an 1895 revival of ''H.M.S. Pinafore'' in Sydney. In Australia in January 1897 he married Rhoda Ruth Janette Hay (1871–1958) and with her had a daughter, Dorothy Rhoda Brownlow (1897–1992). It is uncertain whether he was actually divorced from his first wife.<ref name=Divorce/> In 1900 he appeared in both Sydney and Melbourne in ''H.M.S. Pinafore'', ''The Pirates of Penzance'', ''Iolanthe'', and ''The Gondoliers'' as Giuseppe. Also in 1900 he played The Sultan in Arthur Sullivan's ''The Rose of Persia''; Abercoed in ''Florodora'';<ref>{{cite book|title=Leslie Stuart|author=Lamb, Andrew|authorlink= Andrew Lamb (writer)| year=2002| publisher=Routledge| isbn=0-415-93747-7| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=arsbsDewXqIC&q=%22wallace+brownlow%22&pg=PA114}}</ref> the title role in ''The Mikado'';<ref name=Ayre/> and appeared in ''A Trip to Chinatown''.<ref>[http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=HNS19000115.2.8&cl=&srpos=0&st=1&e=-------en--1----0-all Hawera & Normanby Star, Volume XXXVX, Issue 5088, 15 January 1900, Page 2]</ref> By 1901 his first wife, Siddie, was in a workhouse in Hampshire. She was moved to the workhouse's insane asylum in 1911 and died within weeks.<ref name=Kurt/><ref>[https://www.ancestry.co.uk/interactive/2352/rg14_06064_0011_27?pid=42970328&backurl=https://search.ancestry.co.uk/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv%3D1%26dbid%3D2352%26h%3D42970328%26tid%3D%26pid%3D%26usePUB%3Dtrue%26_phsrc%3Ddjv3774%26_phstart%3DsuccessSource&treeid=&personid=&hintid=&usePUB=true&_phsrc=djv3774&_phstart=successSource&usePUBJs=true 1911 England Census for Sarah Brownlow], Hampshire, West End, Ancestry.com {{subscription required}}</ref><ref>[https://www.ancestry.co.uk/interactive/8914/ONS_D19114AZ-1102?pid=4608305&backurl=https://search.ancestry.co.uk/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv%3D1%26dbid%3D8914%26h%3D4608305%26tid%3D%26pid%3D%26usePUB%3Dtrue%26_phsrc%3Ddjv3776%26_phstart%3DsuccessSource&treeid=&personid=&hintid=&usePUB=true&_phsrc=djv3776&_phstart=successSource&usePUBJs=true&_ga=2.260403149.1164801204.1594324100-1197399642.1515349816 "Sarah Brownlow"], England & Wales, Civil Registration Death Index, 1837–1915 for 1911, Q4-Oct-Nov-Dec, Ancestry.com {{subscription required}}</ref>
In 1902 Brownlow was injured by falling through a door and recovered substantial damages.<ref>[http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=HNS19020327.2.32.11&cl=&srpos=0&st=1&e=-------en--1----0-all Hawera & Normanby Star, Volume XLII, Issue 7422, 27 March 1902, Page 3]</ref> Brownlow's alcoholism contributed to his failure in a venture managing a hotel in Western Australia. Stewart wrote in her memoirs of Brownlow's great success with Australian audiences, the "ease and grace and dash" that he brought to his roles, his huge popularity with the women who pursued him, and of his weakness for alcohol that led to his unhappy end.<ref>Nellie Stewart, "My Life's Story," John Sands, Sydney, (1923)</ref> While living in Australia, Brownlow wrote the lyrics for several songs, including those to the ballad "Without Thy Love", the music to which was written by fellow D'Oyly Carte artiste Charles Kenningham.<ref name=MusAustralia/>
With his wife and daughter Brownlow then migrated to the United States, where he appeared in several Broadway productions of comic operas, appearing as Sergeant Bob Trivet in ''Love's Lottery'' (1904);<ref>[http://www.ibdb.com/person.asp?id=33413 Information about Brownlow in ''Love's Lottery'']</ref> in ''Giroflé-Girofla'' from January to February 1905, and in ''Boccaccio'' in March 1905.<ref name=whowaswho>[https://www.gsarchive.net/whowaswho/B/BrownlowWallace.htm Information from the WhoWasWho in the D'Oyly Carte website]</ref> Later, theatrical manager Hugh D. McIntosh found Brownlow in California, where he had gone to act in silent films, including the 1913 movie ''The Hoyden's Awakening'',<ref>{{IMDb name|0115247|Wallace Brownlow}}</ref> now living in dereliction, and brought him back to Australia under contract, but he soon "lapsed into his old habit".<ref name=whowaswho/>
== Suicide == Brownlow committed suicide by cutting his throat while staying in the Carlton Gardens, Melbourne, Australia in September 1919. He was survived by his wife and daughter in California.<ref name=Trove>[https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/175831555 "Late Wallace Brownlow"], ''The Telegraph'', 19 September 1919, accessed 8 January 2018</ref> In a letter addressed to the coroner "and any inquirers" he wrote: <blockquote> What I have done I have been driven to by continuous boycotting by every theatrical management. I am penniless, and have been asked to leave this hotel because I cannot pay my rent. There's only one way out; I've tried for every kind of work without any success, and being very tired of it all I have decided to take myself to my great Judge, who, I know, will be more merciful than my fellow beings.<ref name=Trove/> </blockquote>
== References == {{reflist}}
== External links == * {{IMDb name|0115247|Wallace Brownlow}} on the Internet Movie Database * {{IBDB name|33413}} * [http://pinafore.www3.50megs.com/artist-b.html Brownlow at the ''Memories of the D'Oyly Carte'' website, with a link to photos] * {{webarchive |date=2013-04-15 |url=https://archive.today/20130415122119/http://www.musicaustralia.org/apps/MA?function=searchResults&term1=Brownlow,%20Wallace.&scope=scope¶meter1=phrase&location1=Anywhere |title=Brownlow on Music Australia}} * [http://content.lib.washington.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/sayrepublic&CISOPTR=7183&REC=17 1909 photo of Brownlow]
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Brownlow, Wallace}} Category:1861 births Category:1919 deaths Category:English operatic baritones Category:19th-century English musicians Category:19th-century British male opera singers Category:1919 suicides Category:Suicides by sharp instrument in Australia Category:Suicides in Victoria (state)