{{Short description|American transportation technology company}} {{Distinguish|Hyperloop Transportation Technologies}} {{Use mdy dates|date=June 2019}} {{Infobox company | name = Hyperloop One | former_name = {{unbulleted list | Hyperloop Technologies (2014–2016) | Hyperloop One (2016–2017) | Virgin Hyperloop One (2017–2020) | Virgin Hyperloop (2020–2022) }} | logo = Hyperloop One - Company Logo.svg | image = Virgin Hyperloop One XP-1 pod at night.jpg | image_caption = Hyperloop One XP-1 pod on display | type = Private | location_city = Los Angeles, California, U.S. | foundation = {{Start date and age|2014|6|1}}<ref name="auto3">{{cite web |title=Fact Sheet And FAQ |website=hyperloop {{!}} one |url=https://hyperloop-one.com/fact-sheet-and-faq |access-date=September 22, 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922195635/https://hyperloop-one.com/fact-sheet-and-faq |archive-date=September 22, 2017}}</ref> |defunct = {{End date and age|2023|12|31}} | founders = {{unbulleted list | Brogan BamBrogan | Shervin Pishevar }} | homepage = | key_people = {{unbulleted list | Sultan Ahmed bin Sulayem (Chairman) | Raja Narayanan (Interim CEO) }} | industry = Transportation Technology | products = | num_employees = }}
'''Hyperloop One''', known as Virgin Hyperloop until November 2022, was an American transportation technology company that worked to commercialize high-speed travel utilizing the Hyperloop concept which was a variant of the vacuum train. The company was established on June 1, 2014, and reorganized and renamed on October 12, 2017.<ref name="hyperloop-one.com">{{cite web |title=New Chairman, New Funding, & New Speed Records |website=Hyperloop One |url=https://hyperloop-one.com/blog/new-chairman-new-funding-new-speed-records |access-date=2018-05-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222051021/https://hyperloop-one.com/blog/new-chairman-new-funding-new-speed-records |archive-date=2017-12-22}}</ref>
Hyperloop systems were intended to move cargo and passengers at airline speeds but at a fraction of the cost. They were designed to run suspended by magnetic systems in a partially-evacuated tube.<ref name="Vac Train">{{cite web |title=History of the Hyperloop and pneumatic tubes as transportation |last=Garfield |first=Leanna |date=20 February 2018 |publisher=Business Insider |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/history-hyperloop-pneumatic-tubes-as-transportation-2017-8#in-1910-american-rocket-pioneer-robert-goddard-designed-a-train-that-would-go-from-boston-to-new-york-in-just-12-minutes-though-it-was-never-built-it-wouldve-floated-on-magnets-inside-a-vacuum-sealed-tunnel-6 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200525095147/https://www.businessinsider.com/history-hyperloop-pneumatic-tubes-as-transportation-2017-8#in-1910-american-rocket-pioneer-robert-goddard-designed-a-train-that-would-go-from-boston-to-new-york-in-just-12-minutes-though-it-was-never-built-it-wouldve-floated-on-magnets-inside-a-vacuum-sealed-tunnel-6 |archive-date=May 25, 2020}}</ref> The original Hyperloop concept proposed to use a linear electric motor to accelerate and decelerate an air bearing levitated pod through a low-pressure tube. The vehicle was to glide silently at speeds up to {{convert |760 |mph |abbr=on}} with very low turbulence.<ref>{{cite book |chapter=On the Aerodynamic Design of the Hyperloop Concept |last=Opgenoord |first=Max M. J. |title=35th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference |date=2017 |doi=10.2514/6.2017-3740 |isbn=978-1-62410-501-2 |chapter-url=https://www.cs.middlebury.edu/~pcaplan/docs/OpgenoordCaplan_2018_Aerodynamic_design_of_the_hyperloop_concept.pdf |access-date=January 5, 2024 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112014508/http://web.mit.edu/mopg/www/papers/OpgenoordCaplan_2017_Aerodynamics_Hyperloop_online.pdf |archive-date=November 12, 2020}}</ref> The system was proposed to be entirely autonomous, quiet, direct-to-destination, and on-demand. It would have been built on elevated structures or in tunnels, free of at-grade crossings and requiring less right of way than high-speed rail or highways.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hyperloop One web site |url=https://hyperloop-one.com |access-date=2016-07-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820210201/https://hyperloop-one.com/ |archive-date=2016-08-20}}</ref>
Virgin Hyperloop made substantive technical changes to Elon Musk's initial proposal and chose not to pursue the Los Angeles–San Francisco notional route that Musk envisioned in his 2013 alpha-design white paper. It demonstrated a form of propulsion technology on May 11, 2016, at its test site in North Las Vegas.<ref>{{cite news |publisher=NPR |date=May 11, 2016 |title=Hyperloop Futuristic Transportation System Has Its 1st Public Demo |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/05/11/477645103/elon-musks-hyperloop-dream-is-about-to-have-its-1st-public-demo |access-date=April 5, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180724154043/https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/05/11/477645103/elon-musks-hyperloop-dream-is-about-to-have-its-1st-public-demo |archive-date=July 24, 2018}}</ref> It completed a {{convert |500 |m |abbr=on}} Development Loop (DevLoop)<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Inverse |date=March 7, 2017 |title=Photos: Hyperloop One Shows Off 'DevLoop' Test Tube in Nevada |url=https://www.inverse.com/article/28747-hyperloop-one-devloop-nevada-test-track |access-date=July 14, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730070406/https://www.inverse.com/article/28747-hyperloop-one-devloop-nevada-test-track |archive-date=July 30, 2017}}</ref> and on May 12, 2017, held its first full-scale test. The test combined Hyperloop components including vacuum, propulsion, levitation, sled, control systems, tube, and structures.<ref name="wired_2017-07-12"/>
On November 8, 2020, after more than 400 uncrewed tests, the firm conducted the first human trial at a speed of {{convert|172|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} at its test site in Las Vegas, Nevada.<ref name="auto">{{cite web |title=Virgin Hyperloop hosts first human ride on new transport system |work=The Times of India |date=9 November 2020 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/international-business/virgin-hyperloop-hosts-first-human-ride-on-new-transport-system/articleshow/79120791.cms |access-date=10 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{cite web |title=First Manned 'Hyperloop Technology' Test in Las Vegas |date=9 November 2020 |url=https://www.railwayage.com/passenger/high-performance/first-manned-hyperloop-technology-test-in-las-vegas/ |access-date=15 January 2021}}</ref> However, in February 2022, the company abandoned plans for human rated travel and instead focused on freight, laying off more than 100 employees amounting to half its total workforce.<ref>Yoonji Han (Feb 21, 2022), [https://www.businessinsider.com/virgin-hyperloop-layoffs-passenger-travel-cargo-transport-2022-2 "Virgin Hyperloop lays off half of its employees as it pivots away from passenger travel"], ''Business Insider''</ref><ref>(February 21, 2022), [https://thenyledger.com/companies/virgin-hyperloop-axes-half-its-staff-in-focus-on-freight/ "Virgin Hyperloop axes half its staff in focus on freight"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228100931/https://thenyledger.com/companies/virgin-hyperloop-axes-half-its-staff-in-focus-on-freight/ |date=February 28, 2022}}, ''The New York Ledger''</ref> In November of that year the company decided to rebrand, reverting to the name, Hyperloop One.<ref>{{cite web |title=Virgin pulls its name from Hyperloop One |work=Engadget |date=November 4, 2022 |url=https://www.engadget.com/virgin-hyperloop-one-name-change-221202324.html |access-date=November 6, 2022}}</ref>
It was announced on December 21, 2023 that the company would cease operations on December 31, 2023, due to a number of factors including financial challenges, high interest rates, initial backing and support,<ref>{{cite web |last=O'Kane |first=Sean |date=2023-12-21 |title=Hyperloop One is reportedly shutting down |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US |url=https://techcrunch.com/2023/12/21/hyperloop-one-shutting-down/ |access-date=2023-12-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Virgin's Hyperloop Venture Collapses Amid Financial Struggles |website=OilPrice.com |language=en |url=https://oilprice.com/Energy/Energy-General/Virgins-Hyperloop-Venture-Collapses-Amid-Financial-Struggles.html |access-date=2023-12-27}}</ref> as well as to its failure to secure any contracts for building a working hyperloop system; it began selling its assets and laying off remaining employees.<ref>{{cite news |last=McBride |first=Sarah |date=2023-12-21 |title=Hyperloop One to Shut Down After Failing to Reinvent Transit |language=en |publisher=Bloomberg |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-12-21/hyperloop-one-to-shut-down-after-raising-millions-to-reinvent-transit |access-date=2023-12-21}}</ref> According to The Verge, all of its intellectual property would shift to its majority stakeholder, major Dubai port operator DP World.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hawkins |first=Andrew J. |date=2023-12-21 |title=The hyperloop is dead for real this time |url=https://www.theverge.com/2023/12/21/24011448/hyperloop-one-shut-down-layoff-closing-elon-musk |access-date=2024-01-16 |website=The Verge |language=en}}</ref>
==History==
===Origins=== thumb|Hyperloop Technologies logo (2014–2016) thumb|Hyperloop One logo (2016–2017) thumb|Virgin Hyperloop One logo (2017–2020) The idea of trains in vacuum has been elaborated many times in history of science and science-fiction.<ref>{{cite news |work=Business Insider |date=February 20, 2018 |title=15 remarkable images that show the 200-year evolution of the Hyperloop |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/history-hyperloop-pneumatic-tubes-as-transportation-2017-8 |access-date=November 9, 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200525095147/https://www.businessinsider.com/history-hyperloop-pneumatic-tubes-as-transportation-2017-8 |archive-date=May 25, 2020}}</ref> The concept of Hyperloop transportation was first introduced by Robert H. Goddard in 1904.<ref>[https://patents.google.com/patent/US2511979A/en Patent US2511979A: Vacuum tube transportation system] ''patents.google.com'', accessed 9 November 2020</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Garfield |first=Leanna |title=15 remarkable images that show the 200-year evolution of the Hyperloop |website=Business Insider |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/history-hyperloop-pneumatic-tubes-as-transportation-2017-8 |access-date=2021-02-01}}</ref>
The recent plans for a version of vacuum train called Hyperloop emerged from a conversation between Elon Musk and Iranian-American Silicon Valley investor Shervin Pishevar when they were flying together to Cuba on a humanitarian mission in January 2012. Pishevar asked Musk to elaborate on his hyperloop idea, which the industrialist had been mulling over for some time. Pishevar suggested using it for cargo, an idea Musk hadn't considered, but he did say he was considering open-sourcing the concept because he was too busy running SpaceX and Tesla. Pishevar pushed Musk to publish his ideas about the hyperloop, so that Pishevar could study them.<ref>{{cite news |work=Forbes |date=February 11, 2015 |title=Hyperloop Is Real: Meet The Startups Selling Supersonic Travel |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/bruceupbin/2015/02/11/hyperloop-is-real-meet-the-startups-selling-supersonic-travel/#3a6e0beb313c |access-date=November 14, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114211829/http://www.forbes.com/sites/bruceupbin/2015/02/11/hyperloop-is-real-meet-the-startups-selling-supersonic-travel/#3a6e0beb313c |archive-date=November 14, 2016}}</ref>
On August 12, 2013, Musk released the Hyperloop Alpha white paper,<ref>{{cite web |title=Hyperloop Alpha |url=http://www.spacex.com/sites/spacex/files/hyperloop_alpha-20130812.pdf |access-date=2013-08-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812230206/http://www.spacex.com/sites/spacex/files/hyperloop_alpha-20130812.pdf |archive-date=2013-08-12}}</ref> generating widespread attention and enthusiasm{{Citation needed|date=December 2023|reason=a claim is made about 'widespread attention and enthusiasm', which seems like it should have a source backing it up}}. In the months that followed Pishevar incorporated Hyperloop Technologies, which would later be renamed Hyperloop One, and recruited the first board members, including David O. Sacks, Jim Messina, and Joe Lonsdale. Pishevar also recruited a cofounder, former SpaceX engineer Brogan Bambrogan. The firm set up shop in Bambrogan's garage in Los Angeles in November 2014. By January 2015, the firm had raised $9 million in venture capital from Pishevar's Sherpa Capital and investors such as Formation 8 and Zhen Fund, and was able to move into its current campus in the Los Angeles Arts District. ''Forbes'' magazine put the firm on its February 2015 cover, landing the startup many fresh recruits and much new investor interest. In June 2015, Pishevar recruited former Cisco president Rob Lloyd as an investor and, eventually, the company's CEO.<ref>{{cite news |title=Hyperloop Is Real: Meet The Startups Selling Supersonic Travel |work=Forbes |location=US |date=February 11, 2015 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/bruceupbin/2015/02/11/hyperloop-is-real-meet-the-startups-selling-supersonic-travel/ |access-date=November 11, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114211829/http://www.forbes.com/sites/bruceupbin/2015/02/11/hyperloop-is-real-meet-the-startups-selling-supersonic-travel/ |archive-date=November 14, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Hyperloop Technologies is trying to make Elon Musk's dream a reality |last=Singleton |first=Micah |work=The Verge |location=US |date=February 11, 2015 |url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/2/11/8019371/hyperloop-technologies-build-elon-musk-transportation |access-date=October 25, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151210235950/http://www.theverge.com/2015/2/11/8019371/hyperloop-technologies-build-elon-musk-transportation |archive-date=December 10, 2015}}</ref>
===Funding and growth=== Between June 2015 and December 2015, the company continued to hire engineers and expand its downtown campus (now up to 75,000 square feet). In December 2015, Hyperloop Tech announced it would hold an open-air propulsion test at a new Test and Safety Site in Nevada. At the time, the company disclosed it had raised $37 million in financing to date and was completing a Series B round of $80m,<ref>{{cite news |title=Hyperloop Technologies Inc. Announces Land Deal For Propulsion Open Air Test in North Las Vegas, Nevada |work=Business Wire |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20151208006339/en |access-date=2016-11-15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116015213/http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20151208006339/en |archive-date=2016-11-16}}</ref> which they closed on in May 2016.<ref name="gizmodo"/> In October 2016, the firm announced that it had raised another $50 million, led by an investment from 8VC and DP World.<ref>{{cite news |title=Hyperloop One wins backing from DP World |url=https://www.ft.com/content/9dca8f7a-9164-11e6-a72e-b428cb934b78 |access-date=2016-11-15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115193503/https://www.ft.com/content/9dca8f7a-9164-11e6-a72e-b428cb934b78 |archive-date=2016-11-15}}</ref>
The propulsion open-air test or POAT, was successfully held in North Las Vegas on May 11, 2016. The POAT sled accelerated to 134 mph (216 km/h) in 2.3 seconds, representing a crucial proof of concept.<ref>{{cite news |publisher=USA Today |title=0 to 400 mph in mere seconds: Welcome to the age of hyperloop |date=May 11, 2016 |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/news/2016/05/11/hyperloop-one-debuts-future-tech-nevada-desert/84236120/ |access-date=July 14, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170721131124/https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/news/2016/05/11/hyperloop-one-debuts-future-tech-nevada-desert/84236120/ |archive-date=July 21, 2017}}</ref> At the time, the renamed Hyperloop One announced it had secured partnerships with global engineering and design firms such as AECOM, SYSTRA, Arup, Deutsche Bahn, General Electric, and Bjarke Ingels.<ref name=gizmodo>{{cite news |title=Here's What the First Full-Scale Test of the Hyperloop Will Look Like [Updated] |last=Walker |first=Alissa |publisher=Gawker Media |work=Gizmodo |location=US |date=May 10, 2016 |url=https://gizmodo.com/heres-what-tomorrows-first-full-scale-test-of-the-hyper-1775857086 |access-date=May 11, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160511052755/http://gizmodo.com/heres-what-tomorrows-first-full-scale-test-of-the-hyper-1775857086 |archive-date=May 11, 2016}}</ref>
On November 10, 2016, Hyperloop One released its first system designs in collaboration with the Bjarke Ingels Group.<ref name="arstechnica">{{cite news |title=Hyperloop One releases "comprehensive concept design" for high-speed rail in Dubai |publisher=Ars Technica |url=https://arstechnica.com/business/2016/11/hyperloop-one-will-conduct-feasibility-studies-for-high-speed-network-in-dubai/ |access-date=2017-06-14 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320002231/https://arstechnica.com/business/2016/11/hyperloop-one-will-conduct-feasibility-studies-for-high-speed-network-in-dubai/ |archive-date=2017-03-20}}</ref>
On October 12, 2017, Hyperloop One and the Virgin Group announced that it developed a strategic investment partnership, resulting in Richard Branson joining the board of directors. The global strategic partnership will focus on passenger and mixed-use cargo service in addition to the creation of a new passenger division.<ref>{{cite news |title=Hyperloop One Is Now 'Virgin Hyperloop One' Thanks to Richard Branson's Investment |work=Fortune |date=October 12, 2017 |url=https://fortune.com/2017/10/12/hyperloop-one-virgin-group-richard-branson/ |access-date=October 13, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013012601/http://fortune.com/2017/10/12/hyperloop-one-virgin-group-richard-branson/ |archive-date=October 13, 2017}}</ref> Hyperloop One had raised $295 million on December 18, 2017,<ref>[https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2017/12/18/richard-branson-takes-hyperloop-wheel-after-pishevar-exits-under-cloud/963223001/ Richard Branson takes hyperloop wheel after Pishevar exits under a cloud] ''www.usatoday.com'', accessed 9 November 2020</ref> and subsequently was renamed Virgin Hyperloop One, and Branson became the chairman of the board of directors.<ref name="hyperloop-one.com"/> As of May 2019, the company had raised $400 million.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=Virgin Hyperloop One's $400 Million Bid to Supercharge Transportation |last=Motavalli |first=Jim |website=barrons.com |language=en-US |url=https://www.barrons.com/articles/virgin-hyperloop-ones-400-million-bid-to-supercharge-transportation-01559064898 |access-date=2019-06-05}}</ref>
In June 2020, the firm rebranded to Virgin Hyperloop, changing their logo and launching a new website.<ref>{{cite web |title=Virgin Hyperloop |website=Virgin Hyperloop |language=en-EN |url=https://virginhyperloop.com/ |access-date=2020-07-20}}</ref>
In October 2020, West Virginia governor Jim Justice announced that Virgin Hyperloop would be constructing a certification facility on land in Tucker and Grant Counties.<ref name="justice">{{Cite web|url=https://governor.wv.gov/News/press-releases/2020/Pages/Gov.-Justice-announces-Virgin-Hyperloop-to-build-Hyperloop-Certification-Center-in-West-Virginia.aspx|title=Gov. Justice announces Virgin Hyperloop to build Hyperloop Certification Center in West Virginia|website=governor.wv.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wvtourism.imagerelay.com/sb/f3d97ee9-374f-42a0-86c7-689279fa993a/virgin-hyperloop-wv-media-kit|title=Image Relay - West Virginia Tourism Office | Virgin Hyperloop/WV Media Kit Collection|website=wvtourism.imagerelay.com}}</ref> About 800 acres owned by Western Pocahontas near Mount Storm was donated to the West Virginia University Foundation, and cooperation was expected from WVU, Marshall University, and the West Virginia Community and Technical College System.<ref name="justice"/><ref name="statejournal">{{Cite web|url=https://www.wvnews.com/statejournal/news/questions-raised-about-hyperloops-future-in-west-virginia/article_b2f30636-9bde-11ec-bec8-037e0e54bc2e.html|title=Questions raised about Hyperloop's future in West Virginia|first=Charles Young SENIOR STAFF|last=WRITER|date=March 7, 2022|website=WV News}}</ref>
===Focus on freight and layoffs=== In February 2022, the ''Financial Times'' reported that the company laid off more than 100 employees, with the move allowing it to focus on cargo transport instead of passenger travel.<ref>{{cite news |title=Virgin Hyperloop axes half its staff to focus on freight |newspaper=Financial Times |date=February 21, 2022 |url=https://www.ft.com/content/d87f77bd-0a0a-4512-b983-197f184f5352 |access-date=2022-02-23}}</ref><ref>(February 21, 2022), [https://thenyledger.com/companies/virgin-hyperloop-axes-half-its-staff-in-focus-on-freight/ "Virgin Hyperloop axes half its staff in focus on freight"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228100931/https://thenyledger.com/companies/virgin-hyperloop-axes-half-its-staff-in-focus-on-freight/ |date=February 28, 2022}}, ''The New York Ledger'' via ''Financial Times''</ref> In December 2022, a second round of layoffs was reported, focused on the firm's downtown Los Angeles staff and Las Vegas operational team.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Isabel Sami |title=Hyperloop One is letting employees go in second round of layoffs this year |work=L.A. Business First |date=9 December 2022 |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/losangeles/news/2022/12/09/hyperloop-one-lays-off-19-employees.html |access-date=22 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Hyperloop One retooling to focus on freight transport; more employees laid off |date=December 2, 2022 |url=https://www.8newsnow.com/news/local-news/hyperloop-one-retooling-to-focus-on-freight-transport-more-employees-laid-off/}}</ref>
While Hyperloop One focuses on freight, competitors continue to focus on a mix of freight and passenger travel.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeout.com/news/this-futuristic-high-speed-rail-route-will-take-you-from-paris-to-berlin-in-just-one-hour-080122|title=This futuristic high-speed rail route will take you from Paris to Berlin in just one hour|first=Ed|last=Cunningham|date=August 1, 2022|website=Time Out Worldwide}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thomasnet.com/insights/is-a-full-scale-hyperloop-system-on-the-horizon/|title=Is a Full-scale Hyperloop System on the Horizon?}}</ref>
The change in focus put construction of the West Virginia facility in question,<ref name="statejournal"/> until the company admitted in March 2023 that it had been cancelled.<ref>{{cite news |title=Hyperloop Stalls |author=Hoppy Kercheval |date=March 24, 2023 |publisher=MetroNews |url=https://wvmetronews.com/2023/03/24/hyperloop-stalls/}}</ref>
The company shutdown operations in 2023 laying off its remaining staff and liquidating its assets.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-22 |title=High-speed train company Hyperloop One shuts down |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-67801235 |access-date=2026-04-11 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Hyperloop One to Shut Down After Failing to Reinvent Transit |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-12-21/hyperloop-one-to-shut-down-after-raising-millions-to-reinvent-transit |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260131113427/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-12-21/hyperloop-one-to-shut-down-after-raising-millions-to-reinvent-transit |archive-date=2026-01-31 |access-date=2026-04-11 |work=Bloomberg.com |language=en}}</ref>
==Test pods==
===XP-1=== After Hyperloop One began the construction of {{convert|500|m|adj=on}} DevLoop in October 2016, the company successfully conducted the first full-system test using the levitating chassis without passenger pod on May 12, 2017. On July 12, 2017, the company revealed images of its first generation pod prototype to be used at the DevLoop test site in Nevada to test aerodynamics.<ref>{{cite news |last=Walker |first=Alissa |work=Curbed |date=July 12, 2017 |title=Hyperloop One reveals full-size prototype of its shiny new pod design |url=https://www.curbed.com/2017/7/12/15960522/hyperloop-one-pod-design-test |access-date=July 14, 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716080847/https://www.curbed.com/2017/7/12/15960522/hyperloop-one-pod-design-test |archive-date=July 16, 2017}}</ref> The system-wide test integrated Hyperloop components including vacuum, propulsion, levitation, sled, control systems, tube, and structures.<ref name="wired_2017-07-12"/><ref>{{cite news |last1=O'Kane |first1=Sean |last2=Hawkins |first2=Andrew J. |title=Hyperloop One had its first full-system test of ultrafast transportation system |work=The Verge |date=12 July 2017 |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/7/12/15958224/hyperloop-one-first-full-system-test-devloop |access-date=28 September 2019}}</ref> The company designed and built its first generation full-scale test pod name XP-1 (short for experimental pod one) to be used in the full-scale pod tests.<ref name=techcrunch>{{cite news |last1=Etherington |first1=Darrell |title=Hyperloop One's full-scale pod reaches 192 mph in new Nevada track test |work=TechCrunch |date=2 August 2017 |url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/08/02/hyperloop-ones-full-scale-pod-reaches-192-mph-in-new-nevada-track-test/ |access-date=28 September 2019}}</ref><ref name=Columbus>{{cite news |last1=Ghose |first1=Carrie |title=Hyperloop One CEO: Public-private partnerships key to who gets 1st route |work=Columbus Business First |date=6 August 2019 |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/columbus/news/2019/08/06/hyperloop-one-ceo-public-private-partnerships-key.html |access-date=28 September 2019}}</ref>
XP-1 has the length of {{convert|8.7|m|ft}}, the width of {{convert|2.4|m|ft}}, and the height of {{convert|2.4|m|ft}}. The pod's motor was evolved from 500 motors that were built and tested in order to operate with resiliency in near-vacuum environment.<ref name=engadget/> The pod was successfully tested for the first time on July 29, 2017, with the {{convert|300|m|ft}} of acceleration to reach the recorded speeds of {{convert|310|km/h|mph}}. The pod achieved 3,151 horsepower during the test inside the depressurized tube with conditions similar to the atmosphere at {{convert|200,000|ft|km}} above sea level.<ref name=techcrunch/> <gallery mode="packed" caption="Experimental pod one (XP-1)"> File:Virgin Hyperloop One XP-1 pod - front view.jpg|Front view File:Virgin Hyperloop One XP-1 pod - side view.jpg|Side view File:Virgin Hyperloop One XP-1 pod - rear view.jpg|Rear view File:Virgin Hyperloop One XP-1 pod - body seams.jpg|Seams of carbon fiber shell File:Virgin Hyperloop One XP-1 pod - side rail profile.jpg|Profile at a side rail File:Virgin Hyperloop One XP-1 pod - center rail profile.jpg|Profile at the center rail File:Virgin Hyperloop One XP-1 pod - chassis.jpg|Levitating chassis at the bottom inside the shell </gallery>
On August 2, 2017, Hyperloop One successfully tested its XP-1 passenger pod, reaching speeds of up to {{Cvt|192|mph|km/h}}. It traveled for just over {{Cvt|300|m|ft|order=flip}} before the brakes kicked in and it rolled to a stop.<ref name=engadget>{{cite web |title=Hyperloop One's passenger pod takes its first ride |website=Engadget |date=August 2, 2017 |url=https://www.engadget.com/2017/08/02/hyperloop-one-first-pod-xp1-test/ |access-date=August 3, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802161940/https://www.engadget.com/2017/08/02/hyperloop-one-first-pod-xp1-test/ |archive-date=August 2, 2017}}</ref> The XP-1 speed record was broken in August 2017 by WARR Hyperloop during the second Hyperloop Pod Competition with the top speeds of {{convert|324|km/h|mph}};<ref>{{cite news |last1=Toor |first1=Amar |title=German students win Hyperloop Pod competition after reaching 200 mph |work=The Verge |date=28 August 2017 |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/8/28/16213348/hyperloop-pod-competition-spacex-warr-elon-musk |access-date=28 September 2019}}</ref> however, the pods in the competition were too small to carry passengers.<ref name=inverse>{{cite news |last1=Brown |first1=Mike |title=Hyperloop: Here's Why We Haven't Hit 700 MPH |work=Inverse |date=5 August 2019 |url=https://www.inverse.com/article/58122-hyperloop-here-s-why-we-have-never-reached-full-700-mph-speeds |access-date=28 September 2019}}</ref>
XP-1 set the world's speed record again during the test{{clarify|over what distance "test tube"? at what level of vacuum?|date=January 2024}} in December 2017, reaching {{convert|387|km/h|mph}}. With that test, the company also demonstrated its airlock technology that allowed the pod to be transferred into the depressurized tube.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hawkins |first1=Andrew J. |title=The hyperloop has a new world speed record: 240 mph |work=The Verge |date=19 December 2017 |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/12/19/16795386/virgin-hyperloop-test-one-top-speed-airlock |access-date=28 September 2019}}</ref> With this system, XP-1 pod can be put in an airlock which takes a few minutes to depressurize before entering the already depressurized tube. Otherwise, the pod would need to enter the tube and wait for the 4-hour depressurization of the entire test tube.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Goodwin |first1=Antuan |title=Hyperloop One's Devloop: Get a glimpse at transportation's future |work=CNET |date=11 January 2018 |url=https://www.cnet.com/roadshow/news/hyperloop-ones-devloop-get-a-glimpse-at-transportations-future/ |access-date=28 September 2019}}</ref> In 2018, WARR Hyperloop broke XP-1 record again in the third Hyperloop Pod Competition, on a longer{{quantify|date=January 2024}} track.<ref name=inverse/>
In the summer of 2019, the company took XP-1 on a roadshow to Ohio, Texas, Kansas, New York, Missouri, North Carolina, and Washington, D.C.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Akers |first1=Mick |title=Virgin Hyperloop One test pod hitting the road on 3-city tour |work=Las Vegas Review-Journal |date=30 July 2019 |url=https://www.reviewjournal.com/traffic/virgin-hyperloop-one-test-pod-hitting-the-road-on-3-city-tour-1814948/ |access-date=28 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Five New Stops Added to Virgin Hyperloop One U.S. Roadshow |work=Virgin Hyperloop One |date=23 September 2019 |url=https://hyperloop-one.com/five-new-stops-added-virgin-hyperloop-one-us-roadshow |access-date=28 September 2019}}</ref>
===XP-2=== <gallery mode="packed" caption="Experimental pod two (XP-2) also known as 'Pegasus'"> File:Virgin Hyperloop XP-2 (1).jpg|Rear view File:Virgin Hyperloop XP-2 (2).jpg|Side view File:Virgin Hyperloop XP-2 (6).jpg|Side view File:Virginhyperloop.jpg|Interior view File:Virgin Hyperloop XP-2 (7).jpg|Estimated travel time </gallery> For the company's passenger testing, they created a new vehicle, dubbed "experimental pod 2", or XP-2. The vehicle was designed by Bjarke Ingels Group and Kilo Design.<ref>{{cite web |title=Virgin Hyperloop: first human passenger test in BIG-designed XP-2 pod |website=Archinect |language=en |url=https://archinect.com/news/article/150236997/virgin-hyperloop-first-human-passenger-test-in-big-designed-xp-2-pod |access-date=2021-03-19}}</ref>
On November 8, 2020, after more than 400 uncrewed tests, the firm conducted the first human trial with Josh Giegel, its co-founder and CTO, and Sara Luchian, Director of Passenger Experience, as the first passengers at a speed of {{convert|172|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} at its DevLoop test site in Las Vegas, Nevada.<ref name="auto"/><ref name="auto1"/> The test was conducted in a near-vacuum environment of 100 Pascals.<ref>{{cite web |title=Virgin Hyperloop {{!}} Pegasus |website=Virgin Hyperloop |language=en-EN |url=https://virginhyperloop.com/pegasus |access-date=2021-03-19 |archive-date=January 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114142434/https://virginhyperloop.com/pegasus |url-status=dead }}</ref>
In March 2021, Virgin Hyperloop announced that the vehicle would be on display at the Smithsonian Arts and Industries Building in late 2021.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gamillo |first=Elizabeth |title=Smithsonian's 'Futures' Exhibition to Feature Virgin Hyperloop's Record-Breaking Transportation Pod |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/smithsonians-futures-exhibition-feature-virgin-hyperloops-record-breaking-transportation-pod-180977129/ |access-date=2021-03-19}}</ref>{{needs update|date=February 2022}}
Following successful passenger testing, Virgin Hyperloop unveiled its commercial vehicle design in January 2021.<ref>{{cite web |last=Giacobbe |first=Alyssa |title=Exclusive First Look at Richard Branson's Hyperloop Propulsion Pods |website=Architectural Digest |date=January 27, 2021 |language=en-us |url=https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/exclusive-first-look-richard-bransons-hyperloop-propulsion-pods |access-date=2021-03-19}}</ref> Designed in collaboration with Seattle-based design firm Teague, each vehicle is planned to seat about 28 passengers but can transport thousands of passengers per hour in convoys.<ref>{{cite web |title=Here's what traveling by Hyperloop could look like |website=Futurism |url=https://futurism.com/virgin-hyperloop-passenger-experience |access-date=2021-03-19}}</ref>
==Funding== Hyperloop One had raised over $485 million as of May 2019.<ref>{{cite web |date=May 2019 |title=Virgin Hyperloop One funding rounds, valuation, and investors |url=https://craft.co/hyperloop-technologies/funding-rounds}}</ref> Its investors include Sherpa Capital, Formation 8, 137 Ventures,<ref name="forbes-first-public-test">{{cite news |title=Hyperloop One Announces Key Partnerships, $80 Million Investment As It Prepares First Public Test |last=Tilley |first=Aaron |date=May 11, 2016 |work=Forbes |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/aarontilley/2016/05/11/hyperloop-one/#68015990416e |access-date=August 31, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013014747/https://www.forbes.com/sites/aarontilley/2016/05/11/hyperloop-one/#68015990416e |archive-date=October 13, 2017}}</ref> DP World,<ref>{{cite news |work=Forbes |title=The Little Engine That Might? Hyperloop One Boosts Funding; Names Ex-Uber CFO As Adviser |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/alanohnsman/2016/10/13/the-little-engine-that-might-hyperloop-one-boosts-funding-names-ex-uber-cfo-as-adviser/#30c4ac6a3ab0 |access-date=November 14, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115195510/http://www.forbes.com/sites/alanohnsman/2016/10/13/the-little-engine-that-might-hyperloop-one-boosts-funding-names-ex-uber-cfo-as-adviser/#30c4ac6a3ab0 |archive-date=November 15, 2016}}</ref> Khosla Ventures,<ref name="forbes-first-public-test"/> Caspian Venture Capital, Fast Digital,<ref name="forbes-first-public-test"/> Western Technology Investment,<ref name="forbes-first-public-test"/> Zhen Fund, GE Ventures,<ref name="forbes-first-public-test"/> and SNCF.<ref name="forbes-first-public-test"/>
==Management== {{As of|2018|July}}, the board of directors included Richard Branson (chairman), Justin Fishner-Wolfson, Sultan Ahmed Bin Sulayem, Rob Lloyd, Josh Giegel, Bill Shor, Yuvraj Narayan, Anatoly Braverman, and Emily White as a strategic adviser.<ref name=team-2018-07-30>{{cite web |title=Team |publisher=Hyperloop One |location=US |url=https://hyperloop-one.com/team |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730021034/https://hyperloop-one.com/team |archive-date=July 30, 2018}}</ref> Former board members include Peter Diamandis, Jim Messina, who as of July 2018<ref name=team-2018-07-30/> serves as strategic adviser, former Morgan Stanley executive Jim Rosenthal, Joe Lonsdale, the co-founder Shervin Pishevar,<ref name=team-2017-07-10>{{cite web |title=Team |publisher=Hyperloop One |location=US |url=https://hyperloop-one.com/team |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710143532/https://hyperloop-one.com/team |archive-date=July 10, 2017}}</ref> who took a leave of absence from Hyperloop One in December 2017 after multiple women accused him of sexual misconduct,<ref>{{cite news |title=Shervin Pishevar takes immediate leave of absence from Hyperloop One and Sherpa Capital |last=Dickey |first=Megan Rose |work=TechCrunch |url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/12/05/shervin-pishevar-takes-immediate-leave-of-absence-from-hyperloop-one-and-sherpa-capital/ |access-date=December 5, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171205190116/https://techcrunch.com/2017/12/05/shervin-pishevar-takes-immediate-leave-of-absence-from-hyperloop-one-and-sherpa-capital/ |archive-date=December 5, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Silicon Valley VC Shervin Pishevar Takes Leave From His Companies After Misconduct Claims |date=December 5, 2017 |work=Bloomberg.com |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-12-05/investor-pishevar-takes-leave-from-sherpa-virgin-hyperloop-one |access-date=December 5, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171205203451/https://www.bloomberg.com//news/articles/2017-12-05/investor-pishevar-takes-leave-from-sherpa-virgin-hyperloop-one |archive-date=December 5, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Shervin Pishevar Steps Aside At Sherpa, Hyperloop Amid Sexual Harassment Allegations |last=Carson |first=Biz |work=Forbes |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/bizcarson/2017/12/05/shervin-pishevar-steps-aside-at-sherpa-hyperloop-amid-sexual-harassment-allegations/#68327d8ea4d1 |access-date=December 5, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171205204008/https://www.forbes.com/sites/bizcarson/2017/12/05/shervin-pishevar-steps-aside-at-sherpa-hyperloop-amid-sexual-harassment-allegations/#68327d8ea4d1 |archive-date=December 5, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Virgin Hyperloop One Revamps Board; Director Arrested |work=Bloomberg |location=US |date=April 3, 2018 |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-04-03/virgin-hyperloop-one-revamps-board-director-arrested |access-date=April 3, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180403043802/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-04-03/virgin-hyperloop-one-revamps-board-director-arrested |archive-date=April 3, 2018}}</ref> and Ziyavudin Magomedov, a Russian billionaire who was arrested on embezzlement charges in 2018.<ref name="reutersarrested">{{cite news |last1=Nikolskaya |first1=Polina |title=Russian tycoon Magomedov arrested on embezzlement charges |work=Reuters |date=March 31, 2018 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-summa-corruption/russian-tycoon-magomedov-arrested-on-embezzlement-charges-idUSKBN1H70A2 |access-date=August 3, 2018}}</ref>
On November 8, 2018, Sultan Ahmed bin Sulayem succeeded Richard Branson as chairman.<ref>[https://hyperloop-one.com/virgin-hyperloop-one-announces-new-leadership-team-support-commercialization-and-implementation-worlds-first-hyperloop-system Virgin Hyperloop One Announces New Leadership Team to Support Commercialization and Implementation of World’s First Hyperloop System] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106153658/https://hyperloop-one.com/virgin-hyperloop-one-announces-new-leadership-team-support-commercialization-and-implementation-worlds-first-hyperloop-system |date=January 6, 2019 }} 8 November 2018 ''hyperloop-one.com'', accessed 9 November 2020</ref>
In February 2021, co-founder Josh Giegel was named CEO,<ref>{{cite web |title=Josh Giegel is hyperloop's true believer — and its best hope |website=Protocol |date=February 23, 2021 |language=en-EN |url=https://www.protocol.com/josh-giegel-hyperloop-travel |access-date=2021-02-23}}</ref> before being replaced by CFO Raja Narayanan in October 2021. The firm announced an intent to accelerate scheduled fielding of production systems from the early 2030s to the mid-2020s, and that the planned initial project would transport freight between the cities of Dubai and Abu-Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates.<ref>{{cite web |title=With Dubai-owned DP World's push, Hyperloop to soon enable Dubai-Abu Dhabi cargo transport in minutes |date=October 31, 2021 |publisher=Gulf News |last=Nair |first=Manoj |url=https://gulfnews.com/business/markets/with-dubai-owned-dp-worlds-push-hyperloop-to-soon-enable-dubai-abu-dhabi-cargo-transport-in-minutes-1.1635651215642 |access-date=November 7, 2021}}</ref>
==Planned cooperation== In June 2016 the company announced a memorandum of understanding with the Summa Group and the Russian government to construct a hyperloop in Moscow and has since completed feasibility studies in Moscow and in the Far East.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Hyperloop One unveils Russia deal with goal of new Silk Road |last=della Cava |first=Marco |date=June 21, 2016 |website=USA TODAY |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/news/2016/06/21/could-first-hyperloop-russia/86158218/ |access-date=June 22, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160622012919/http://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/news/2016/06/21/could-first-hyperloop-russia/86158218/ |archive-date=June 22, 2016}}</ref>
In August 2016, the firm announced a deal with the world's third largest ports operator, DP World, to develop a cargo offloader system at Jebel Ali in Dubai.<ref>{{cite news |title=Hyperloop One, DP World Sign Agreement To Pursue A Hyperloop Route In Dubai |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/hyperloop-one-dp-world-sign-agreement-to-pursue-a-hyperloop-route-in-dubai-300313889.html |access-date=2016-11-15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115203407/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/hyperloop-one-dp-world-sign-agreement-to-pursue-a-hyperloop-route-in-dubai-300313889.html |archive-date=2016-11-15}}</ref> On November 8, 2016, the firm announced it had signed a deal with Dubai's Roads and Transport Authority (RTA) to conduct feasibility studies on potential passenger and cargo hyperloop routes in the United Arab Emirates.<ref name="arstechnica"/>
By April 2017, the firm had feasibility studies underway in the United Arab Emirates, Finland, Sweden, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Moscow, and the UK.<ref>{{cite web |title=The hyperloop is ready for its big 'Kitty Hawk' moment — and may be coming to a US city near you |last=Hawkins |first=Andrew |work=The Verge |location=US |date=April 4, 2017 |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/4/6/15201124/hyperloop-one-devloop-test-track-completed-us-dc |access-date=April 10, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170408224547/http://www.theverge.com/2017/4/6/15201124/hyperloop-one-devloop-test-track-completed-us-dc |archive-date=April 8, 2017}}</ref> On September 1, 2017, the firm signed a letter of intent with Estonia to cooperate on the Helsinki–Tallinn Tunnel.<ref>{{cite news |title=Estonia, Hyperloop One sign letter of intent |last=Vahtla |first=Aili |work=Eesti Rahvusringhääling |location=Estonia |date=September 1, 2017 |url=https://news.err.ee/616033/estonia-hyperloop-one-sign-letter-of-intent |access-date=April 16, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180416201312/https://news.err.ee/616033/estonia-hyperloop-one-sign-letter-of-intent |archive-date=April 16, 2018}}</ref>
In February 2018, the Virgin Group signed an "intent agreement" with the Government of Maharashtra state of India to build a hyperloop transportation system between Mumbai and Pune.<ref>{{cite news |title=Virgin, Maharashtra in pact to build Mumbai-Pune Hyperloop |work=Money Control |location=India |date=February 19, 2018 |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/virgin-maharashtra-in-pact-to-build-mumbai-pune-hyperloop-2510725.html |access-date=February 26, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226032004/http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/virgin-maharashtra-in-pact-to-build-mumbai-pune-hyperloop-2510725.html |archive-date=February 26, 2018}}</ref> In August 2019, the government deemed hyperloop a public infrastructure project and approved the Virgin Hyperloop-DP World Consortium as the Original Project Proponent (OPP), recognizing hyperloop technology alongside other more traditional forms of mass transit. The Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India, K. VijayRaghavan, set up a Consultative Group on Future of Transportation (CGFT) to explore the regulatory path for hyperloop.<ref>{{cite web |title=India makes advances on world's first passenger hyperloop system |website=Intelligent Transport |language=en |url=https://www.intelligenttransport.com/transport-news/85635/india-first-passenger-hyperloop-system/ |access-date=2020-07-20}}</ref>
On July 19, 2018, an Ohio regional planning commission was investigating using hyperloop between airports and potentially between Chicago, Columbus, and Pittsburgh;<ref name="cdispatch20180719">{{cite news |title=Regional planners pitch 13-mile test of Virgin Hyperloop |last=Ferenchik |first=Mark |work=ColumbusDispatch |date=July 19, 2018 |url=http://www.dispatch.com/news/20180718/regional-planners-pitch-13-mile-test-of-virgin-hyperloop |access-date=July 24, 2018}}</ref> in May 2020 the commission released the results of their Midwest Connect feasibility study, which found that the route would create $300 billion in overall economic benefits and reduce {{CO2}} emission by 2.4 million tons.<ref>{{cite web |title=Virgin Hyperloop {{!}} Ohio Officials Announce Results of Midwest Hyperloop Feasibility Study |website=Virgin Hyperloop |language=en-EN |url=https://virginhyperloop.com/press/results-midwest-hyperloop-study |access-date=2020-07-20}}</ref>
In July 2018, Texas officials announced that the state will explore hyperloop technology for a route connecting Dallas, Austin, San Antonio, and Laredo.<ref>{{cite web |title=North Central Texas Council of Governments - OFFICIALS CONFIRM HYPERLOOP AS TECHNOLOGY OPTION FOR DALLAS-ARLINGTON-FT. WORTH HIGH SPEED CORRIDOR |website=nctcog.org |url=https://www.nctcog.org/trans/about/news/current-press-releases/texas-officials-confirm-hyperloop-as-technology-op |access-date=2021-03-19}}</ref> In June 2019, the firm announced an ongoing collaboration with the Sam Fox School of Washington University in St. Louis to explore proposals for the Missouri Hyperloop.<ref>{{cite web |title=Designing hyperloop infrastructure {{!}} The Source {{!}} Washington University in St. Louis |date=2019-06-24 |website=The Source |language=en-US |url=https://source.wustl.edu/2019/06/designing-hyperloop-infrastructure/ |access-date=2019-08-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |title=Virgin Hyperloop One Announces Collaboration with Washington University in St. Louis |last=One |first=Virgin Hyperloop |date=2019-06-24 |website=GlobeNewswire News Room |url=https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2019/06/24/1873142/0/en/Virgin-Hyperloop-One-Announces-Collaboration-with-Washington-University-in-St-Louis.html |access-date=2019-08-09}}</ref> In October 2019, Missouri became the first US state to conduct a hyperloop feasibility study,<ref>{{cite web |title=Missouri's Blue Ribbon Panel on Hyperloop releases its report (Video) |website=bizjournals.com |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/kansascity/news/2019/10/28/missouri-blue-ribbon-panel-hyperloop-report.html |access-date=2021-03-19}}</ref> exploring a route between Kansas City and St. Louis.
In December 2019, the State Government of Punjab, India, signed an MoU with the firm to explore a route connecting the Amritsar-Ludhiana-Chandigarh corridor.<ref>{{cite web |agency=PTI |date=Dec 3, 2019 |title=Punjab to conduct feasibility study for Hyperloop transport - Times of India |website=The Times of India |language=en |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/punjab-to-conduct-feasibility-study-for-hyperloop-transport/articleshow/72351282.cms |access-date=2021-03-19}}</ref>
In February 2020, the firm signed a partnership agreement with Saudi Arabia to conduct a pre-feasibility study.<ref>{{cite web |title=Saudi Arabia partners with Virgin Hyperloop One on world's first National Hyperloop Study |website=ameinfo.com |date=7 February 2020 |url=https://www.ameinfo.com/industry/travel/saudi-first-national-hyperloop-study}}</ref> In September 2020, Virgin Hyperloop signed a partnership agreement with Bangalore International Airport Limited to conduct a feasibility study for a proposed corridor from BLR Airport.<ref>{{cite web |title=Virgin Hyperloop and Bangalore International Airport Limited Announce Ground-Breaking Partnership to Conduct Feasibility Study |website=Virgin Hyperloop and Bangalore International Airport Limited Announce Ground-Breaking Partnership to Conduct Feasibility Study |language=en |url=https://www.bengaluruairport.com/corporate/media/news-press-releases/virgin-hyperloop-and-bangalore-international-airport-limited-ann.html |access-date=2021-03-19}}</ref>
==Hyperloop One Global Challenge== In 2016, the firm launched its Hyperloop One Global Challenge to find the locations for, develop, and construct the world's first hyperloop networks.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Electrek |date=May 10, 2016 |title='Hyperloop One Global Challenge' launches to develop the world's first hyperloop networks |url=https://electrek.co/2016/05/10/hyperloop-one-global-challenge-worlds-first-hyperloop-networks/ |access-date=July 14, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922195232/https://electrek.co/2016/05/10/hyperloop-one-global-challenge-worlds-first-hyperloop-networks/ |archive-date=September 22, 2017}}</ref> In January 2017, the firm announced the 35 semifinalist routes (spread over 17 countries)<ref>{{cite web |publisher=PR Newswire |date=January 6, 2017 |title=Hyperloop One Announces Semifinalists Of Its Global Challenge |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/hyperloop-one-announces-semifinalists-of-its-global-challenge-300387186.html |access-date=July 14, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802010019/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/hyperloop-one-announces-semifinalists-of-its-global-challenge-300387186.html |archive-date=August 2, 2017}}</ref> and held a series of events showcasing the semifinalists, Vision for India in February,<ref>{{cite web |work=The Times of India |date=March 1, 2017 |title=Hyperloop One Unveiles 'Vision For India' |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/companies/hyperloop-one-unveiles-vision-for-india/articleshow/57405295.cms |access-date=July 14, 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170307033726/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/companies/hyperloop-one-unveiles-vision-for-india/articleshow/57405295.cms |archive-date=March 7, 2017}}</ref> Vision for America in April<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Inverse |date=April 17, 2017 |title=Pipe Dream: Hyperloop One's Plan for High-Speed Transport |url=https://www.inverse.com/article/30267-hyperloop-one-vision-for-america |access-date=July 14, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170916055007/https://www.inverse.com/article/30267-hyperloop-one-vision-for-america |archive-date=September 16, 2017}}</ref> and Vision for Europe in June.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hyperloop travel is coming to Europe {{!}} DW {{!}} 17.07.2017 |website=Deutsche Welle |language=en-GB |url=https://www.dw.com/en/hyperloop-travel-is-coming-to-europe/a-39718112 |access-date=2021-02-01}}</ref> On September 14, 2017, Hyperloop One announced the 10 winners;<ref>{{cite web |title=Hyperloop One Global Challenge |website=hyperloop-one.com |language=en |url=https://hyperloop-one.com/global-challenge |access-date=2019-05-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921171915/https://hyperloop-one.com/global-challenge |archive-date=September 21, 2017}}</ref> they were to be invited to work closely with the firm on viability studies to try to bring their respective loops from proposal to reality.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hyperloop One Global Challenge winners include India, US, UK, Canada, and Mexico |website=The Next Web |date=September 14, 2017 |url=https://thenextweb.com/tech/2017/09/14/1076816/ |access-date=2017-10-12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013065035/https://thenextweb.com/tech/2017/09/14/1076816/ |archive-date=2017-10-13}}</ref>
The ten winning routes that were selected are:<ref>{{cite news |title=Toronto to Montreal in 39 minutes? Futuristic people mover zips to next stage |publisher=CBC News |location=Canada |year=2017 |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/hyperloop-toronto-ottawa-montreal-route-winner-1.4291893 |access-date=September 14, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170916040030/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/hyperloop-toronto-ottawa-montreal-route-winner-1.4291893 |archive-date=September 16, 2017}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" |- !#!!Country!!Route |- !1 |rowspan=4|{{USA}}||Chicago to Columbus to Pittsburgh |- !2 |Dallas to Laredo to Houston |- !3 |Cheyenne to Denver to Pueblo |- !4 |Miami to Orlando |- !5 |{{CAN}}||Toronto to Ottawa to Montreal |- !6 |{{MEX}}||Mexico City to Guadalajara |- !7 |rowspan=2|{{GBR}}||Edinburgh to London |- !8 |Glasgow to Liverpool |- !9 |rowspan=2|{{IND}}||Bengaluru (Bangalore) to Chennai |- !10 |Mumbai to Pune |}
==Lawsuits== In July 2016, the CTO and co-founder Brogan BamBrogan left the company,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Geuss |first1=Megan |title=CTO and co-founder of Hyperloop One leaves amid reported tensions |publisher=Ars Technica |date=July 1, 2016 |url=https://arstechnica.com/business/2016/07/cto-and-co-founder-of-hyperloop-one-leaves-amid-reported-tensions/ |access-date=July 20, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160724210833/http://arstechnica.com/business/2016/07/cto-and-co-founder-of-hyperloop-one-leaves-amid-reported-tensions/ |archive-date=July 24, 2016}}</ref> later filing a lawsuit with three other former employees alleging breach of fiduciary duty and misuse of corporate resources.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Geuss |first1=Megan |title=Former Hyperloop One CTO alleges executive placed a noose in his office |publisher=Ars Technica |date=July 12, 2016 |url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2016/07/former-hyperloop-one-cto-describes-mismanagement-and-harassment-in-new-lawsuit/ |access-date=July 20, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160720152813/http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2016/07/former-hyperloop-one-cto-describes-mismanagement-and-harassment-in-new-lawsuit/ |archive-date=July 20, 2016}}</ref> On July 19, 2016, Hyperloop One filed a counterclaim against the four former employees, alleging they staged a failed coup of the company, in the process breaching agreements around fiduciary duty, non-competes, proprietary information, and non-disparagement, as well as intentional interference with contractual relations.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Geuss |first1=Megan |title=Hyperloop One accuses former employees of staging a coup |publisher=Ars Technica |date=July 20, 2016 |url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2016/07/hyperloop-one-accuses-former-employees-of-staging-a-coup/ |access-date=July 20, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160721020318/http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2016/07/hyperloop-one-accuses-former-employees-of-staging-a-coup/ |archive-date=July 21, 2016}}</ref> On November 18, 2016, both parties agreed to settle the lawsuit. Terms were confidential and not disclosed.<ref>{{cite news |title=Hyperloop One Settles Employee Lawsuit |last=Reim |first=Garrett |work=Los Angeles Business Journal |date=November 21, 2016 |url=https://labusinessjournal.com/technology/hyperloop-one-settles-employee-lawsuit/ |access-date=November 21, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121233120/http://labusinessjournal.com/news/2016/nov/21/hyperloop-one-settles-employee-lawsuit/ |archive-date=November 21, 2016}}</ref> BamBrogan and other former Hyperloop One and SpaceX employees went on to found Arrivo, another Hyperloop company (defunct in 2018).<ref>{{cite news |title=Another New Hyperloop Company Just Launched |last=Korosec |first=Kirsten |work=Fortune |date=February 10, 2017 |url=https://fortune.com/2017/02/09/new-hyperloop-company-arrivo/ |access-date=July 23, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803181744/http://fortune.com/2017/02/09/new-hyperloop-company-arrivo/ |archive-date=August 3, 2017}}</ref>
==References== {{Reflist|30em|refs= <ref name="wired_2017-07-12">{{cite web |publisher=Wired |date=July 12, 2017 |title=Hyperloop's first real test is a whooshing success |url=https://www.wired.com/story/hyperloop-one-test-success/ |access-date=July 14, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714105830/https://www.wired.com/story/hyperloop-one-test-success/ |archive-date=July 14, 2017}}</ref>}}
==External links== * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KsVF65vP4ZU&t=1h6m30s Alan James about Baltic Sea Hyperloop One ring] * [https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DBrTX0SXgAADDRz.jpg Transformed connections & enhanced cohesion. Example opportunities for Europe] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WEp_lVvNrnA&t=51m17s Transformed connections & enhanced cohesion. Example opportunities for Europe], 7 June 2017
{{Virgin Group}}
Category:2014 establishments in California Category:2023 disestablishments in California Category:American companies established in 2014 Category:American companies disestablished in 2023 Category:Hyperloop Category:Technology companies based in Greater Los Angeles Category:Technology companies of the United States Category:Transport companies established in 2014 Category:Transport companies disestablished in 2023 Category:Transportation companies based in California Category:Transportation companies of the United States Category:Virgin Group