Umar Shaikh Mirza II

{{Short description|Timurid ruler of Fergana from 1469 to 1494}} {{for|the son of Timur|Umar Shaikh Mirza I}} {{Infobox royalty | name = Umar Shaikh Mirza II {{lang|fa|{{nq|عمر شیخ میرزا دوم}}}} | title = Mirza Padshah | image = Umar Shayk Mirza II, in The Princes of the House of Timur, 1550-1555 (British Museum, 1913,0208,0.1).jpg | caption = Umar Shayk Mirza from the ''Princes of the House of Timur'', attributed to Abd al-Samad, {{circa|1550–55}} | succession = Ruler of Ferghana | predecessor = Abu Sa'id Mirza | successor = Babur | reign = 8 February 1469 – 10 June 1494 | birth_date = {{Circa|1456}} | birth_place = Samarkand Timurid Empire {{small|(Present day Uzbekistan)}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1494|6|10|1456|df=y}} | death_place = Ferghana Timurid Empire {{small|(Present day Uzbekistan)}} | spouse = Qutlugh Nigar Khanum (m.1475) Ulus Agha Fatma Sultan Agha Makhdum Sultan Begum Umid Aghacha Yun Sultan Aghacha Agha Sultan Aghacha | issue = Khanzada Begum Babur Jahangir Mirza Nasir Mirza Mihr Banu Begum Shahr Banu Begum Yadgar Sultan Begum Rukaiya Sultan Begum, Fatima bano begum | full name = Umar Shaikh Mirza bin Abu Sa'id Mirza | house = Timurid dynasty | father = Abu Sa'id Mirza | mother = Shah Sultan Begum | religion = Sunni Islam | burial_place = Ferghana {{small|(Present day Uzbekistan)}} | burial_date = 10–11 June 1494 | signature = }} '''Umar Shaikh Mirza II''' ({{langx|fa|{{nq|عمر شیخ میرزا دوم}}}}; 1456–1494) was the Timurid ruler of the Fergana Valley. He was the fourth son of Abu Sa'id Mirza, the ruler of the Timurid Empire in what is now Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and eastern Iran.

His first wife and chief consort was Qutlugh Nigar Khanum, a princess of the Chagatai Khanate and daughter of Yunus Khan of Moghulistan. Umar Shaikh had two other wives and had three sons and five daughters from his wives. His eldest son was Babur Mirza from his wife Qutlugh Nigar Khanum. His sons from this other two wives were Jahangir Mirza II and Nasir Mirza. His eldest son Babur Mirza founded the Mughal Empire in 1526 and was the first Mughal Emperor of India.

Umar Shaikh died in a freak accident in Aksi fort, Fergana, on 10 June 1494. It occurred when he was in his dovecote, which was built at the edge of the building, collapsed, thus making eleven-year-old Babur the ruler of Fergana.<ref name="Eraly2007">{{cite book|author=Abraham Eraly|author-link=Abraham Eraly|title=Emperors Of The Peacock Throne: The Saga of the Great Moghuls|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h7kPQs8llvkC&pg=PT18|date=17 September 2007|publisher=Penguin Books Limited|isbn=978-93-5118-093-7|page=18}}</ref>

His son Babur describes him as a devout Muslim who never neglected the 5 daily prayers.<ref>{{Cite book|last=F. Dale|first=Stephen|title=THE GARDEN OF THE EIGHT PARADISES: Babur and the Culture of Empire in Central Asia, Afghanistan and India (1483-1530)|publisher=Brill|year=2004|pages=174}}</ref>

==Family== ===His mother=== thumb|left|upright|Umar Shaikh Mirza II dispensing justice, {{circa|1630}}, British Museum (1920,0917,0.13.42).<ref>{{cite web |title=British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/A_1920-0917-0-13-42?selectedImageId=262961001}}</ref> Umar Shaikh's mother was not explicitly named in any historical sources, including the ''Baburnama'', his son Babur's autobiography. This was somewhat unusual, as Babur provided the maternal ancestry for many of his prominent relatives. However, Babur did refer multiple times to a certain Shah Sultan Begum (d. 1501) in a way that suggested she was Umar Shaikh's mother.<ref>{{cite book|author=Babur|author-link=Babur|translator=Annette Beveridge|translator-link=Annette Beveridge|title=The Babur-nama In English (Memoirs of Babur)|url=https://archive.org/details/baburnamainengli01babuuoft/page/13/mode/1up|volume=I|year=1922|publisher=Luzac & Co.|location=London|page=13}}</ref> This identification is one that is used by historians.<ref>B. S. Chandrababu, L. Thilagavathi, ''Woman, Her History and Her Struggle for Emancipation'' (2009), p. 201</ref>

Shah Sultan Begum's own background was never stated. However, Khwand Amir, the vizier of Babur's uncle Sultan Mahmud, referred to Umar Shaikh as "the own younger brother" of Mahmud and Sultan Ahmed. If this wording were interpreted to say that they were full brothers, this would mean that Shah Sultan Begum was mother to all three rulers, and thus the daughter of Aurdu-Bugha Tarkhan Arghun, who is known to have been Ahmad and Mahmud's maternal grandfather.<ref>{{harvtxt|Babur|1922|pp=13, 33}}</ref>

===Consorts=== He had a total of seven consorts: *Qutlugh Nigar Khanum (m.1475), daughter of Yunus Khan of Moghulistan and Aisan Daulat Begum; *Ulus Agha (div.), daughter of Khwaja Hussein Beg; *Fatima Sultan Agha, daughter of one of the begs of Mogul Tumans; *Makhdum Sultan Begum, known as Karaguz Begum; *Umid Aghacha, a concubine who died before Mirza; *Yun Sultan Aghacha, a Moghul concubine; *Agha Sultan Aghacha, another concubine;

===Children=== ;Sons He had three sons: *Babur - with Qutlugh Nigar Khanum; *Jahangir Mirza II (1485 - 1508) - with Fatima Sultan Agha; *Nasir Mirza (1487 - 1515) - with Umid Aghacha ;Daughters He had six daughters: *A stillborn daughter - with Ulus Agha; *Khanzada Begum (1478 - 1545) - with Qutlugh Nigar Khanum; *Mihr Banu Begum (born 1481) - with Umid Aghacha; *Shahr Banu Begum (1491 - 1542) - with Umid Aghacha, married to Junaid Barlas; *Yadgar Sultan Begum (born 1494) - with Agha Sultan Aghacha, married to Abdul Latif Sultan, son of Hamza Sultan; *Rukaiya Sultan Begum (1494 - 1528) - with Makhdum Sultan Begum, married to Jani Beg Sultan

===Death===

Umar died on 10 June 1494 at age 37 after the building which he was in collapsed.{{Citation needed|date=March 2023}} He was succeeded by his son, Babur.

==Notes== {{reflist}}

==References== *{{cite web |quote=On the occasion of the birth of Babar Padishah (the son of Omar Shaikh) |url=http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/rash1.html |title=Mirza Muhammad Haidar |publisher=University of Washington |work=Silk Road Seattle |access-date=2006-11-07}}

Category:People from Samarkand Category:Timurid monarchs Category:1456 births Category:1494 deaths