{{Short description|Pacific severe tropical storm in 2011}} {{About|the 2011 tropical storm|other storms of the same name|List of storms named Washi}} {{Redirect-distinguish|Tropical Storm Sendong|List of storms named Sendang {{!}} storms named Sendang}} {{Use Philippine English|date=November 2022}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2022}} {{Infobox weather event | name = Severe Tropical Storm Washi (Sendong) | image = 2011 Washi.jpg | caption = Severe Tropical Storm Washi approaching Mindanao on December 16 | formed = December 13, 2011 | dissipated = December 19, 2011 }}{{Infobox weather event/JMA | winds = 50 | pressure = 992 }}{{Infobox weather event/JTWC | winds = 50 | pressure = 985 | basin = Wpac }}{{Infobox weather event/Effects | year = 2011 | fatalities = 1,292–2,546<ref name="TYcomrpt"/><ref name="IFRCfinal"/> | injuries = 6,071<ref name="NDRRMCFinal"/> | missing = 1,049<ref name="TYcomrpt"/> | damages = 97800000 | areas = Caroline Islands, Philippines }}{{Infobox weather event/Footer | season = 2011 Pacific typhoon season }}
'''Severe Tropical Storm Washi''',{{refn|The name ''Washi'' (Japanese: ワシ, [[Help:IPA/Japanese|[β̞a̠ɕi]]]) was contributed by Japan and refers to the constellation Aquila, the eagle, in Japanese.<ref>{{Cite web| title= List of names for tropical cyclones adopted by the Typhoon Committee for the western North Pacific and the South China Sea|url=https://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/tyname.html|archive-date= August 5, 2005|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050805083712/http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/tyname.html |access-date=March 16, 2026 |website=Japan Meteorological Agency}}</ref>|group="nb"}} locally named '''Sendong''',{{refn|The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) assigns names to typhoons in the western Pacific Ocean and north of the equator, as the Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre. PAGASA assigns local names to tropical cyclones in the Philippine Area of Responsibility.|group=nb}} was a late-season tropical cyclone that caused around 1,200 to 2,500 deaths and catastrophic damage in the Philippines in late 2011. Washi made landfall over Mindanao, a major region in the Philippines, on December 16. Washi weakened slightly after passing Mindanao, but regained strength in the Sulu Sea, and made landfall again over Palawan on December 17.
==Meteorological history== {{storm path|Washi 2011 track.png}} On December 12, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) noted that a developing area of low pressure had persisted about 945 km (585 mi) south-southeast of Guam. Situated along the southern edge of a subtropical ridge, the system tracked steadily westward towards the Philippines. Located within a region of good diffluence and moderate wind shear, deep convection was able to maintain itself over the circulation. Development of banding features and improvement of outflow indicated strengthening was likely.<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |publisher=United States Navy |date=December 12, 2011 |access-date=December 23, 2011 |title=Significant Tropical Weather Outlook for the Western and South Pacific Oceans |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/ABPW10-PGTW_201112122200.htm |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523021851/https://www.webcitation.org/63teKEn4c?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/ABPW10-PGTW_201112122200.htm |archive-date=May 23, 2024 }}</ref> Further development over the following day prompted the JTWC to issue a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert early on December 13.<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |publisher=United States Navy |date=December 13, 2011 |access-date=December 23, 2011 |title=Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert |url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtpn21.pgtw..txt |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111021125848/http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtpn21.pgtw..txt |archive-date=October 21, 2011 }}</ref> Less than six hours later, both the JTWC and the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) classified the system as a tropical depression, with the former assigning the identifier ''27W''.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency |date=December 13, 2011 |access-date=December 23, 2011 |title=High Seas Forecast |url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/ww/wwjp25.rjtd..txt |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111019073025/http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/ww/wwjp25.rjtd..txt |archive-date=October 19, 2011 }}</ref> Maintaining a westward track, the depression was forecast to intensify slowly over the following three days.<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |publisher=United States Navy |date=December 13, 2011 |access-date=December 23, 2011 |title=Tropical Depression 27W Advisory Number 001 |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPN32-PGTW_201112130900.htm |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523021933/https://www.webcitation.org/63uNdvkR2?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPN32-PGTW_201112130900.htm |archive-date=May 23, 2024 }}</ref> For much of December 13, a slight increase in shear displaced thunderstorm activity from the center of the depression, delaying intensification. By December 14, convection redeveloped over the low and the JTWC subsequently assessed the system to have attained tropical storm status.<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |publisher=United States Navy |date=December 14, 2011 |access-date=December 23, 2011 |title=Tropical Storm 27W Advisory Number 005 |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPN32-PGTW_201112140900.htm |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523022012/https://www.webcitation.org/63w7eAjK3?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPN32-PGTW_201112140900.htm |archive-date=May 23, 2024 }}</ref>
Early on December 15, the system crossed west of 135°E and entered the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration's (PAGASA) area of responsibility. Upon doing so, PAGASA began issuing advisories and assigned the cyclone with the local name ''Sendong''.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration |date=December 15, 2011 |access-date=December 24, 2011 |title=Tropical Depression Sendong Advisory One |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/TCUPDATE_201112150300.htm |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523022213/https://www.webcitation.org/63wkZ2Y61?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/TCUPDATE_201112150300.htm |archive-date=May 23, 2024 }}</ref> Shortly thereafter, the storm passed close to or over Palau.<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |publisher=United States Navy |date=December 15, 2011 |access-date=December 24, 2011 |title=Tropical Depression 27W Advisory Number 008 |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPN32-PGTW_201112150300.htm |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523022136/https://www.webcitation.org/63wkITgWd?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPN32-PGTW_201112150300.htm |archive-date=May 23, 2024 }}</ref> By 0600 UTC, the JMA upgraded the system to tropical storm status, at which time they assigned it with the name ''Washi''.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency |date=December 15, 2011 |access-date=December 24, 2011 |title=Tropical Storm Washi Tropical Cyclone Advisory |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPQ20-RJTD_201112150600.htm |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523022054/https://www.webcitation.org/63wkDS8zd?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPQ20-RJTD_201112150600.htm |archive-date=May 23, 2024 }}</ref> Maintaining a rapid westward track, Washi slowly became more organized, with low-level inflow improving during the latter part of December 15.<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |publisher=United States Navy |date=December 15, 2011 |access-date=December 24, 2011 |title=Tropical Storm 27W (Washi) Advisory Number 011 |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPN32-PGTW_201112152100.htm |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523022255/https://www.webcitation.org/63yCunLsB?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPN32-PGTW_201112152100.htm |archive-date=May 23, 2024 }}</ref> On December 16, Washi reached its peak strength as a severe tropical storm and made its first landfall along the east coast of Mindanao.
After passing Mindanao, Washi weakened due to land interaction, but the storm quickly regained its strength, in the Sulu Sea. Late on December 17, Washi crossed Palawan and arrived in the South China Sea, and the system moved out of the PAR on December 18. Washi weakened to a tropical depression and dissipated on December 19, because of cool, dry air, in association with the Northeast Monsoon.
==Impact== thumb|PSWS map Durning the passage of Tropical Storm Washi (Sendong) [[File:Washi 17 Dec 2011.jpg|thumb|right|Tropical Storm Washi in the Sulu Sea on December 17]] Across the Cagayan de Oro river basin, a localized heavy rain event occurred during Tropical Storm Washi's passage.<ref name="NDRRMCFinal">{{cite report|publisher=National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council |date=February 10, 2012|access-date=May 1, 2015|title=Final Report on the Effects and Emergency Management re Tropical Storm "Sendong" (Washi)|url=http://www.ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/1347/Final_Report_on_the_Effects_and_Emergency_Management_re_Tropical_Storm_SENDONG_%28WASHI%29_Status_of_Early_Recovery_Programs_in_Region_X_issued_10FEB2014.pdf}}</ref> Onshore flow from Macajalar Bay, which the Cagayan de Oro river drains into, ran into the steep terrain of Mount Makaturing, Mount Kalatungan, and Mount Kitanglad, resulting in orographic enhancement of precipitation. A weather station in Capehan located along the Bubunawan river, a tributary of the Cagayan de Oro river, recorded {{convert|475|mm|in|abbr=on}} over a 24‑hour span.<ref name="TYcomrpt">{{cite report|author1=Olavo Rasquinho |author2=Jae Hyun Shim |author3=Yun Tae Kim |author4=Jae Chan Ahn |author5=Chi Hun Lee |author6=In Sung Jung |author7=Gmma Dalena |author8=Preminda Joseph Fernando |author9=Susan R. Espinueva |author10=Socrates F. Paat Jr. |author11=Nivagine Nievares |author12=Tess Pajarillo |name-list-style=amp |publisher=ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee|date=December 2012|access-date=May 1, 2015|title=Assessment Report of the Damages Caused by Tropical Storm Washi|url=http://typhooncommittee.org/docs/publications/ESCAPWMOTD_0007.pdf|isbn=978-99965-817-6-2}}</ref> The rainfall event itself amounted to a 1-in-20 year event for much of Misamis Oriental.<ref>{{cite report|publisher=DHI Water & Environment|date=December 2011|access-date=May 1, 2015|title=Initial Assessment of the Development of Tropical Storm Sendong (Washi) over the Philippines|url=http://www.globalcateye.com/media/962/meteorological_report_of_tropical_storm_sendong__washi_-initial_assessment.pdf|archive-date=March 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071227/http://www.globalcateye.com/media/962/meteorological_report_of_tropical_storm_sendong__washi_-initial_assessment.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the span of 24 hours, {{convert|180.9|mm|in|abbr=on}} of rain fell at Lumbia which equates to more than 60 percent of their average December precipitation.<ref name="NDRRMCFinal"/> Estimates from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission jointly run by NASA and JAXA indicated that accumulations around the Cagayan de Oro river exceeded {{convert|400|mm|in|abbr=on}}.<ref name="NASArain"/> Observations from Talakag captured the sheer intensity of rainfall associated with Washi, with hourly accumulations peaking at {{convert|60.6|mm|in|abbr=on}}. Similar amounts, though less anomalous in magnitude, fell farther east on Mindanao. Satellite estimates indicated accumulations of {{convert|200|to|250|mm|in|abbr=on}} along coastal areas near where Washi made landfall.<ref name="NASArain">{{cite web|author1=Rob Gutro|author2=Steve Lang|author3=Zhong Liu|author4=Hal Pierce|name-list-style=amp|publisher=NASA|date=December 21, 2011|access-date=May 1, 2015|title=Hurricane Season 2011: Tropical Storm Washi (Western North Pacific Ocean)|url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hurricanes/archives/2011/h2011_Washi.html|archive-date=April 30, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150430000201/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hurricanes/archives/2011/h2011_Washi.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> A total of {{convert|180.4|mm|in|abbr=on}} was observed in Hinatuan.<ref name="NDRRMCFinal"/>
thumb|left|Satellite estimated rainfall from Severe Tropical Storm Washi over the Philippines. The areas in red indicate where more than {{convert|400|mm|in|abbr=on}} of rain may have fallen. Starting in tributaries and later reaching the main Cagayan de Oro, Iponan, and Mandulog rivers, flash flooding manifested at a dramatic pace.<ref name="TYcomrpt"/> In some locations, flood waters rose by {{convert|3.3|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} in less than an hour.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Associated Press|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=December 17, 2011|access-date=December 17, 2011|title=Storm-triggered floods ravage southern Philippines, kill at least 436|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia-pacific/storm-triggered-flash-floods-kill-nearly-60-people-in-southern-philippines-leave-many-missing/2011/12/16/gIQAoKZZzO_story.html?tid=pm_pop|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111222184027/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia-pacific/storm-triggered-flash-floods-kill-nearly-60-people-in-southern-philippines-leave-many-missing/2011/12/16/gIQAoKZZzO_story.html?tid=pm_pop|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 22, 2011}}</ref> Alongside the effects from rainfall, high tide at Macajalar Bay further enhanced the flood event and allowed water to inundate areas that would have otherwise safe at low tide. The rivers crested at {{convert|7|to|9|m|ft|abbr=on}}, amounting to a 75-year flood event in some areas, with catastrophic results.<ref name="NDRRMCFinal"/><ref name="TYcomrpt"/> This was also far higher than the previous flood event following Tropical Depression Auring in January 2009. Located outside the main "typhoon belt," residents in the affected areas suffered from a false sense of security with tropical cyclone related disasters. Flooding from the rivers struck at approximately 2:30 a.m. local time, when most people were asleep and unable to hear warnings from PAGASA. Hardest hit were the cities of Cagayan de Oro and Iligan where tremendous loss of life occurred. Within Cagayan de Oro, the barangay of Balulang, Carmen and Macasandig was virtually wiped out. Between the two cities, 1,147 people lost their lives while a further 1,993 sustained injury.<ref name="TYcomrpt"/> Residents affected by these flood waters were forced to seek refuge on their roofs amidst 90 km/h (55 mph) winds. The mayor of Iligan regarded the floods as the worst in the city's history.<ref name="Telegraph1">{{cite web|agency=Associated Press|publisher=The Telegraph|date=December 17, 2011|access-date=December 17, 2011|title=Hundreds die as tropical storm Washi sweeps across Philippines |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/philippines/8963157/Hundreds-die-as-tropical-storm-Washi-sweeps-across-Philippines.html}}</ref>
Throughout the affected areas, nearly 40,000 homes were damaged of which 11,463 were destroyed. Nearly 700,000 people were affected by the storm.<ref name="TYcomrpt"/> Total casualties attributed to the event are uncertain, with the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council's final report in February 2012 stating 1,268 fatalities, 181 people missing, and 6,071 injuries.<ref name="NDRRMCFinal"/> A later report by the World Meteorological Organization in December of that year indicated 1,292 deaths, 1,049 missing, and 2,002 injured.<ref name="TYcomrpt"/> The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies stated a total of 2,546 deaths in their final report on August 21, 2013.<ref name="IFRCfinal">{{cite report|publisher=International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies|date=August 21, 2013|access-date=May 1, 2015|title=Emergency appeal final report - Philippines: Tropical Storm Washi|url=http://www.ifrc.org/docs/Appeals/11/MDRPH008fr.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Tropical Cyclone Logs: Sendong (Washi) 2011|year=2011|publisher=Typhoon 2000|access-date=December 31, 2011|author=Padua, David M|url=http://www.typhoon2000.ph/stormarchives/2011/stormlogs/19sendong11_log.htm}}</ref><ref>{{cite report|author=Ramos, Benito T |publisher=National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Center |access-date=February 24, 2012 |url=http://www.ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/358/Final%20Report%20re%20TS%20Sendong,%2015%20-%2018%20December%202011.pdf |title=Final Report on the Effects and Emergency Management re Tropical Storm "Sendong" (Washi) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116082551/http://www.ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/358/Final%20Report%20re%20TS%20Sendong,%2015%20-%2018%20December%202011.pdf |archive-date=January 16, 2013 }}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=February 2022}} Damage directly related to the storm amounted to ₱ 2.068 billion (2012 PhP, $48.4 million USD). Over half of the damage was due to damaged roads and bridges.<ref name="NDRRMCFinal"/> Total socio-economic losses amounted to US$97.8 million.<ref name="TYcomrpt"/>
===Highest Public Storm Warning Signal=== {| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto 1em auto;" |- ! width="5%"|PSWS# ! Luzon ! Visayas ! Mindanao |- ! style="background-color:#ffffa0"|<big><big>2</big></big> | style="background-color:#ffffd0"|Palawan | style="background-color:#ffffd0"|Southern Leyte, Bohol, Southern portion of Cebu, Camotes Islands, Southern portion of Negros Oriental, Southern Portion of Negros Occidental, Siquijor | style="background-color:#ffffd0"|Surigao del Norte, Siargao Island, Surigao del Sur, Dinagat Province, Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Davao del Norte, Davao Oriental, Samal Island, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, North Cotabato, Compostela Valley, Camiguin, Bukidnon, Maguindanao, |- ! style="background-color:#80a0ff"|<big><big>1</big></big> | style="background-color:#c0e0ff"|Masbate, Sorsogon, Ticao Islands, Cuyo Islands, Coron | style="background-color:#c0e0ff"|Eastern Samar, Western portion of Samar, Northern portion of Leyte, Rest of Cebu, Rest of Negros Oriental, Rest of Negros Occidental, Capiz, Antique, Aklan, Iloilo, Guimaras | style="background-color:#c0e0ff"|Davao del Sur, South Cotabato, Sultan Kuldarat, Sarangani, Basilan |}
==Aftermath== {{Deadliest Philippine typhoons}} [[File:Typhoon Sendong aftermath.jpg|thumbnail|Cagayan de Oro following the aftermath of Tropical Storm Washi]] thumb|Flooding from Tropical Storm Washi thumb|Sendong Memorial Tombstone for the Victims at Gaston Park, Cagayan de Oro A massive relief operation involving the evacuation of 100,000 people occurred on the morning of December 17, 2011. Approximately 20,000 soldiers were mobilized to assist in recovery efforts and evacuations.<ref name="Telegraph1"/> The Philippine Coast Guard was dispatched to search for missing people after villages were reported to have been swept out to sea. Sixty people were rescued off the coast of El Salvador, Misamis Oriental and another 120 in the waters near Opol township.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=NBC News|date=December 17, 2011|access-date=December 17, 2011|title=Storms pound Philippines in the thick of night, kill at least 436 |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna45705894}}</ref> President Benigno Aquino III visited Cagayan de Oro and Iligan on December 20, 2011, and declared a state of national calamity in the affected provinces.<ref>[http://www.sunstar.com.ph/cagayan-de-oro/local-news/2011/12/20/aquino-declares-state-national-calamity-196728 Sun.Star: Aquino declares state of national calamity]</ref> The President also appealed to its citizens to help the victims in their way of celebrating Christmas in his Christmas Message.<ref>{{cite news|title=PNoy airs Christmas aid call for Sendong victims|url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/nation/12/23/11/pnoy-airs-christmas-aid-call-sendong-victims|work=ABS-CBN News|access-date=December 26, 2011}}</ref>
A leptospirosis outbreak in the immediate aftermath infected more than 400 people and killed 22. Additional fatalities from suicide took place in evacuation centers, though exact numbers are unknown.<ref name="TYcomrpt"/>
In the three years following Washi, ₱2.57 billion (US$58 million) was allocated to build 30,438 shelters, designed to withstand winds of {{convert|220|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}, in eight regions. Less than half of this total had been built by December 2014, though construction in Cagayan de Oro and Iligan was largely complete.<ref>{{cite web|work=Government of the Philippines|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=December 29, 2014|access-date=April 23, 2015|title=More than 12,700 shelter units built for survivors of 'Sendong' despite challenges|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/philippines/more-12700-shelter-units-built-survivors-sendong-despite-challenges}}</ref> The storm prompted a shift in settlement patterns in Cagayan de Oro, with residents moving away from the areas along the Cagayan River in favor of upland areas.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gallardo |first1=Froilan |title=Survivors remember Sendong tragedy that changed Cagayan de Oro |url=https://www.rappler.com/philippines/mindanao/survivors-remember-sendong-tragedy-changed-cagayan-de-oro-december-16-2024/ |work=Rappler |access-date=December 17, 2024}}</ref>
==International aid and assistance== The Australian government provided A$1 million (US$1.01 million) in financial aid.<ref name="BWorld1" /> The Danish government provided 300,000 DKK (US$53,000) in emergency funds for relief items such as food, water, sanitation materials, mattresses and blankets.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=ScandAsia|date=December 23, 2011|access-date=December 23, 2011|title=Denmark sends emergency aid to disaster areas in the Philippines|url=http://www.scandasia.com/viewNews.php?coun_code=ph&news_id=9982|archive-date=January 30, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130214443/http://www.scandasia.com/viewNews.php?coun_code=ph&news_id=9982|url-status=dead}}</ref> The European Commission allocated €3 million ($3.9 million) to provide emergency relief to tens of thousands of people affected by the storm.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=December 23, 2011|access-date=December 23, 2011|title=EC mobilizes funds to help 'Sendong' victims|url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/21529/ec-mobilizes-funds-to-help-%E2%80%98sendong%E2%80%99-victims}}</ref> The French Government provided €50,000 (US$65,000) in emergency funds.<ref name="ManilaBulletin1" /> The Government of Indonesia provided $50,000 in financial aid and offered to send search and rescue teams and medical teams.<ref name="BWorld1" /> The Japanese government provided 25 million yen (US$320,000) worth of relief goods, such as water tanks and generators, for victims of the storm.<ref name="ManilaBulletin1" />
The Government of Malaysia provided $100,000 in financial assistance for relief and rehabilitation.<ref name="ManilaBulletin1">{{cite news|author=Roy C. Mabasa|work=Manila Bulletin|date=December 22, 2011|access-date=December 23, 2011|title=UN launches revised aid program|url=http://www.mb.com.ph/articles/345744/un-launches-revised-aid-program}}</ref> The Chinese government provided $1.1 million in financial aid.<ref name="BWorld1" /> The Government of Singapore provided S$50,000 (US$39,000) in funds and S$27,800 (US$22,000) worth of relief goods.<ref name="BWorld1" /> The Government of South Korea provided $500,000 in financial aid.<ref name="BWorld1" /> Six members of the Swiss Humanitarian Aid Unit were sent to Mindanao to ensure access to clean drinking water.<ref>{{cite web|work=Government of Switzerland|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=December 22, 2011|access-date=December 23, 2011|title=Switzerland sends experts to the Philippine disaster area |url=http://www.reliefweb.int/node/466827}}</ref> The British Red Cross provided £140,000 (US$220,000) in funds to support relief efforts.<ref>{{cite web|work=British Red Cross|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=December 22, 2011|access-date=December 23, 2011|title=British Red Cross sends funds to support typhoon stricken Philippines |url=http://www.reliefweb.int/node/466811}}</ref>
On December 21, the United Nations Emergency Relief Agency released $3 million in funds to improve water and sanitation. On December 22, the United Nations Department of Humanitarian Affairs announced a plan to raise $26.8 million in aid for victims of Severe Tropical Storm Washi. United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon sympathized with the Philippine Government and stated "the [United Nations] would extend whatever help is needed by those who were affected by the disaster."<ref name="ManilaBulletin1"/> The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees also pledged to send 42 metric tons of aid to the country.<ref name="BWorld1">{{cite news|author1=Noemi M. Gonzales|author2=Johanna Paola D. Poblete|name-list-style=amp|work=BusinessWorld|date=December 22, 2011|access-date=December 23, 2011|title=UN issues $28.6-million international appeal for victims|url=http://www.bworldonline.com/content.php?section=Nation&title=UN-issues-$28.6-million-international-appeal-for-victims&id=43821|archive-date=September 23, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923195917/http://www.bworldonline.com/content.php?section=Nation&title=UN-issues-$28.6-million-international-appeal-for-victims&id=43821|url-status=dead}}</ref> The United Nations Children's Fund also appealed for $4.2 million to be sent to the Philippines.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Agence France-Presse|newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=December 20, 2011|access-date=December 23, 2011|title=$4.2 million UNICEF appeal for Philippine flood victims|url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/21213/4-2-million-unicef-appeal-for-philippine-flood-victims}}</ref>
The United States provided $100,000 in funds to support relief efforts. The country's ambassador, Harry K. Thomas Jr., expressed his "heartfelt condolences and sympathies" to those affected by the storm. Immediate assistance was to be provided by the United States Agency for International Development's Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance. Non-food items such as hygiene kits, water purification tablets, and containers were to be sent to the Philippines.<ref>{{cite web|work=United States Department of State|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=December 22, 2011|access-date=December 23, 2011|title=U.S. provides aid to support Tropical Storm Sendong relief efforts |url=http://www.reliefweb.int/node/466628}}</ref>
==Retirement== Due to its high death toll, PAGASA announced that the name, ''Sendong'', would be retired from their tropical cyclone naming lists.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sunstar.com.ph/manila/local-news/2011/12/21/government-will-no-longer-use-sendong-name-typhoons-196940|title=Government will no longer use Sendong to name typhoons|date=December 23, 2011|publisher=Sun Star Manila|access-date=December 26, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130804060329/http://www.sunstar.com.ph/manila/local-news/2011/12/21/government-will-no-longer-use-sendong-name-typhoons-196940|archive-date=August 4, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> It was replaced with ''Sarah'' from the 2015 season. However, due to the limited number of typhoons that entered PAR, the name wasn't used and instead was first used in the 2019 season.
In February 2012, the ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee announced that ''Washi'' would also be retired from its naming lists and was replaced with the name ''Hato''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.typhooncommittee.org/44th/Docs/FINAL%20DOCs/TC44report_FINAL.pdf|title=Forty-Fourth Session of Typhoon Committee |publisher=Typhoon Committee|date=February 2012|access-date=February 28, 2012}}</ref>
==See also== {{Portal|Tropical cyclones}} *Weather of 2011 *Tropical cyclones in 2011 *2011 Southeast Asian floods
==Notes== {{reflist|group=nb}}
==References== {{reflist|2}}
==External links== {{Commons category}} *[http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/digital-typhoon/summary/wnp/s/201121.html.en JMA General Information] of Severe Tropical Storm Washi (1121) from Digital Typhoon *RSMC Tokyo - Typhoon Center **[http://www.data.jma.go.jp/fcd/yoho/data/typhoon/T1121.pdf Best Track Data] of Severe Tropical Storm Washi (1121) {{in lang|ja}} **[http://www.data.jma.go.jp/fcd/yoho/data/typhoon/T1121.png Best Track Data (Graphics)] of Severe Tropical Storm Washi (1121) **[http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/besttrack.html Best Track Data (Text)] *[http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/best_tracks/2011/2011s-bwp/bwp272011.dat JTWC Best Track Data] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130220125239/http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/best_tracks/2011/2011s-bwp/bwp272011.dat |date=February 20, 2013 }} of Tropical Storm 27W (Washi) *[https://web.archive.org/web/20190815235853/https://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/tcdat/tc11/WPAC/27W.WASHI/ 27W.WASHI] from the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory
{{Retired Pacific typhoon names}} {{Retired Philippine typhoon names}} {{2011 Pacific typhoon season buttons}} {{Benigno Aquino III}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Washi (2011)}} Category:2011 Pacific typhoon season Category:Western Pacific severe tropical storms S S S Category:Mindanao Category:Retired Pacific typhoons Category:December 2011 in Asia Washi Category:Western Pacific tropical storms Category:Retired Philippine typhoon names