Tropidurus

{{short description|Genus of reptiles}} {{Italic title}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Tropidurus oreadicus.jpg | image_caption = ''Tropidurus oreadicus'' on a wall in Belém, Brazil | name = ''Tropidurus'' | taxon = Tropidurus | authority = Wied-Neuwied, 1824<ref>[https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=208874 ''Tropidurus''] Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).</ref> | type_species = ''Lacerta torquata'' | type_species_authority = Wied-Neuwied, 1820 | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = 29, see text | synonyms = *''Platynotus'' *''Strobilurus'' *''Tapinurus'' and see text }}

'''''Tropidurus''''' is a genus of reptiles. The genus includes many species of Neotropical ground lizards (family Tropiduridae). ''Tropidurus'' is the type genus of the family Tropiduridae.

==Geographic range and habitat== Species in the genus ''Tropidurus'' are found on the South American mainland, especially in the Amazon rainforest, but also in more arid regions.

==Common name== No common name is widely used solely for species of the genus ''Tropidurus''. In their native range, they are simply called ''lagartixa'', as are most similar animals. If anything, the Brazilian term ''calango'' is used to particularly refer to lizards of the genus ''Tropidurus''.

==Taxonomy== The genus ''Tropidurus'' contains 30 described species, but new ones continue to be discovered. An additional seven species—the Galápagos lava lizards endemic to the Galápagos Islands—are sometimes placed here, too, but more commonly separated in the genus ''Microlophus'', instead. Similarly, the green thornytail iguana and tropical thorny iguana are now often separated into the minor, but probably distinct ''Uracentron'' lineage, instead. In this article, these two genera are kept separate, while ''Platynotus'', ''Strobilurus'', and ''Tapinurus'' are included in ''Tropidurus''.

==Description== Males and females of all ''Tropidurus'' species are marked differently. The male is usually much larger than the female, and his body is more brightly coloured and distinctly patterned. The typical size of ''Tropidurus'' lizards varies greatly from habitat to habitat as does the pattern of body markings, even among individuals of the same species. Like many lizards, they show changes of colour with mood and temperature.

==Species== [[File:Tropidurus catalanensis-basking.jpg|thumb|''T. catalanensis'' basking at Iguazu Falls]] These species are recognized as being valid:<ref>{{EMBL genus|genus=Tropidurus}} www.reptile-database.org.</ref>

*''Tropidurus azurduyae'' {{small|A.L.G. Carvalho, L. Rivas, Céspedes & Rodrigues, 2018}} *''Tropidurus bogerti'' {{small|Roze, 1958}} – keeled lava lizard *''Tropidurus callathelys'' {{small|M.B. Harvey & Gutberlet, 1998}} *''Tropidurus catalanensis'' {{small|Gudynas & Skuk, 1983}} *''Tropidurus chromatops'' {{small|M.B. Harvey & Gutberlet, 1998}} *''Tropidurus cocorobensis'' {{small|Rodrigues, 1987}} *''Tropidurus erythrocephalus'' {{small|Rodrigues, 1987}} *''Tropidurus etheridgei'' {{small|Cei, 1982}} – Etheridge's lava lizard *''Tropidurus guarani'' {{small|Álvarez, Cei & Scolaro, 1994}} *''Tropidurus helenae'' {{small|(Manzani & Abe, 1990)}} *''Tropidurus hispidus'' {{small|(Spix, 1825)}} – Peters's lava lizard, neotropical lava lizard *''Tropidurus hygomi'' {{small|J.T. Reinhardt & Lütken, 1861}} – Reinhardt's lava lizard *''Tropidurus imbituba'' {{small|Kunz & Borges-Martins, 2013}}<ref>{{EMBL species|genus=Tropidurus|species=imbituba}} www.reptile-database.org.</ref> *''Tropidurus insulanus'' {{small|Rodrigues, 1987}} *''Tropidurus itambere'' {{small|Rodrigues, 1987}} *''Tropidurus jaguaribanus'' {{small|Passos, Lima & Borges-Nojosa, 2011}}<ref>Passos DC, Lima DC, Borges-Nojosa DM (2011). "A new species of ''Tropidurus'' (Squamata, Tropiduridae) of the ''semiaeniatus'' group from a semiarid area in Northeastern Brazil". ''Zootaxa'' '''2930''': 60-68.</ref> *''Tropidurus lagunablanca'' {{small|A.L.G. Carvalho, 2016}}<ref name=carvalho>Carvalho ALG (2016). [http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/handle/2246/6638/N3853.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y "Three new species of the ''Tropidurus spinulosus'' group (Squamata: Tropiduridae) from Eastern Paraguay".] ''American Museum Novitates'' (3853): 1-44.</ref> *''Tropidurus melanopleurus'' {{small|Boulenger, 1902}} – black lava lizard *''Tropidurus montanus'' {{small|Rodrigues, 1987}} *''Tropidurus mucujensis'' {{small|Rodrigues, 1987}} *''Tropidurus oreadicus'' {{small|Rodrigues, 1987}}  *''Tropidurus pinima'' {{small|(Rodrigues, 1984)}} *''Tropidurus psammonastes'' {{small|Rodrigues, Kasahara & Yonenaga-Yasuda, 1988}} *''Tropidurus semitaeniatus'' {{small|(Spix, 1825)}} – striped lava lizard *''Tropidurus sertanejo'' {{small|A.L.G. Carvalho, et al., 2016}}<ref>Carvalho ALG et al. (2016). [http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/handle/2246/6637/N3852.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y "A new ''Tropidurus'' (Tropiduridae) from the semiarid Brazilian Caatinga: evidence for conflicting signal between mitochondrial and nuclear loci affecting the phylogenetic reconstruction of South American collared lizards".] ''American Museum Novitates'' (3852): 1-66.</ref> *''Tropidurus spinulosus'' {{small|(Cope, 1862)}} – spiny lava lizard *''Tropidurus torquatus'' {{small|(Wied-Neuwied, 1820)}} – Amazon lava lizard *''Tropidurus xanthochilus'' {{small|M.B. Harvey & Gutberlet, 1998}}

''Nota bene'': A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than ''Tropidurus''.

==References== {{commons category}} {{Wikispecies}} {{Reflist}}

==Further reading== *Wied-Neuwied M (1824). "''Verzeichniss der Amphibien, welche in zweyten Bande der Naturgeschichte Brasiliens vom Prinz Max von Neuwied werden beschrieben werden. (Nach Merrems Versuch eines Systems Amphibien)'' ". ''Isis von Oken'' '''14''': 661–673. (''Tropidurus'', new genus, p. 663). (in German).

Category:Tropidurus Category:Lizard genera Category:Taxa named by Prince Maximilian of Wied-Neuwied