T&T Clark

{{Short description|British publishing firm}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}} {{Infobox publisher | image =T&T Clark logo.png | caption = | alt = | parent = Bloomsbury Publishing | founded = {{start date and age|1821}} (in Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom) | defunct = 2011 | founder = Thomas Clark | country = United Kingdom | headquarters = London, {{postcode|WC|1}} | distribution = | keypeople = | publications = Academic journals, books | topics = Religion | genre = | imprints = | revenue = | numemployees = | nasdaq = | url = {{URL|http://www.bloomsbury.com/us/academic/academic-subjects/biblical-studies/tt-clark/|bloomsbury.com/tt-clark}} }}

'''T&T Clark''' is a British publishing firm which was founded in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1821<ref>[https://www.bloomsbury.com/au/discover/superpages/academic/celebrating-200-years-of-t-t-clark/ Celebrating 200 Years of T&T Clark], bloomsbury.com. Retrieved 4 December 2022.</ref> and which now exists as an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing.

==History== The firm was founded in 1821 by Thomas Clark,<ref name="archive-ph" /> then aged 22 and who had a Free Church of Scotland background. The company was originally concerned with law and foreign literature and published under the name of "Thomas Clark."

He was joined in a partnership in 1846 by his nephew, also named Thomas Clark.<ref name="archive-ph">[https://archive.today/20120723195413/http://www.continuumbooks.com/about-us-t-and-t.aspx#selection-519.174-519.227 About T & T Clark], Continuum International Publishing Group, archive.ph. Retrieved 3 December 2022.</ref> With the arrival of younger Thomas Clark (1823-1900) the firm began issuing works under the name of "T. & T. Clark."<ref>''The T. & T. Clark Story: A Victorian Publisher and the New Theology : with an Epilogue Covering the Twentieth-century History of the Firm'', Edinburgh: Pentland Press, 1992, p. 3.</ref>

In the 1830s, it began to develop a theology list, taking a progressive evangelical stance and at times, publishing books that were not likely to make a profit. It published work by scholars in both Europe and North America.<ref name="archive-ph" /> Its most substantial projects were the English translation of the ''Ante-Nicene Fathers'' (which the firm titled ''Ante-Nicene Christian Library'') and the ''Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics''. These were only viable because of the existence of a large American market; however, in the 1880s the firm got into a dispute with the Fleming H. Revell Company, over the American firm's copyright violation of some of T&T Clark's titles. The ''Ante-Nicene Library'' was bootlegged by the Christian Literature Publishing Company, based in New York City, New York. However, this did not prevent T&T Clark from doing business with them.<ref>''The T. & T. Clark Story: A Victorian Publisher and the New Theology : with an Epilogue Covering the Twentieth-century History of the Firm'', Edinburgh: Pentland Press, 1992, p. 108ff.</ref>

In 1965, the company began to publish ''Concilium'', an academic journal of Roman Catholic theology.

In 2003, the three religious academic imprints of Sheffield Academic Press, Trinity Press International and T&T Clark were all acquired by the Continuum International Publishing Group,<ref name="archive-ph" /> which itself was acquired by Bloomsbury Publishing in 2011.

==Reference works== ''Each of the following four works was edited by James Hastings'' * ''Dictionary of the Bible'', (1898–1904), 5 vols. * ''Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics'', (1908–1926; 2nd edition 1925–1940, reprint 1955), 13 vols. * ''The Great Texts of the Bible'', (1910–1915), 20 vols. * ''The Greater Men and Women of the Bible'', (1913–1916), 6 vols.

==Book series== {{columns-list|colwidth=30em| * Ante-Nicene Christian Library (ANCL), (1867–72), 24 vols. (Rev. Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson, eds.)<ref name="briggs-last">Charles A. Briggs, [https://archive.org/details/theologicalsymb00brig/page/n451/mode/2up Theological Symbolics], Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1914, publisher's advertisement on last page. Retrieved 18 April 2023.</ref> * Bible Class Primers (S. D. F. Salmond, ed.)<ref>[https://www.worldcat.org/search?q=%22Bible+Class+Primers%22 se:Bible Class Primers], worldcat.org. Retrieved 4 December 2022.</ref> * The Biblical Cabinet or, Hermeneutical, Exegetical and Philological Library<ref>E. F. C. Rosenmüller, ''[https://www.loc.gov/resource/gdclccn.41030280/?st=gallery The Biblical Geography of Asia Minor, Phœnicia, and Arabia]'', Edinburgh: Thomas Clark, 1841 (The Biblical Cabinet or, Hermeneutical, Exegetical and Philological Library, Vol. XXXIV). N. Morren, tr. Retrieved 3 December 2022.</ref> * Cases Decided in the Court of Session, Court of Justiciary, and House of Lords * Clark's Foreign Theological Library (1845- )<ref>[https://www.worldcat.org/search?q=se%3AClark%27s%20Foreign%20Theological%20Library se:Clark's Foreign Theological Library], worldcat.org. Retrieved 4 December 2022.</ref><ref name="rainy">Publisher's advertisement in final pages of Robert Rainy, ''[https://archive.org/details/deliverydevelopm00rain/page/414/mode/2up Delivery and Development of Christian Doctrine]'', Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1874 (Cunningham Lectures). Retrieved 5 December 2022.</ref> * Cunningham Lectures<ref name="rainy" /> * Handbooks for Bible Classes Series (Alexander Whyte and Marcus Dodds, eds.)<ref>[https://www.worldcat.org/search?q=se%3AHandbooks+for+Bible+classes+series se:Handbooks for Bible Classes Series], worldcat.org. Retrieved 4 December 2022.</ref> * International Critical Commentary<ref>[https://www.worldcat.org/search?q=se%3AInternational+Critical+Commentary&limit=10&offset=1&orderBy=publicationDateAsc International Critical Commentary], worldcat.org. Retrieved 4 December 2022.</ref> * International Theological Library<ref>Charles A. Briggs, [https://archive.org/details/theologicalsymb00brig/page/n5/mode/2up Theological Symbolics], Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1914, preliminary pages. Retrieved 18 April 2023.</ref> * Literature of the New Testament * Meyer's Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament * A Select Library of the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church, usually known as the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers (NPNF), (1886–1900) * The Scholar as Teacher Series<ref>Charles A. Briggs, [https://archive.org/details/theologicalsymb00brig/page/n447/mode/2up Theological Symbolics], Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1914, publisher's advertisement in final pages. Retrieved 18 April 2023.</ref> * T&T Clark Study Guides to the New Testament (2017- )<ref>[https://www.worldcat.org/search?q=se%3AT&T%20Clark%20study%20guides%20to%20the%20New%20Testament T&T Clark Study Guides to the New Testament], worldcat.org. Retrieved 4 December 2022.</ref> * Works of John Calvin * Works of Saint Augustine, 15 vols (Marcus Dods, ed.)<ref name="rainy" /><ref name="briggs-last" /> * The World's Epoch-Makers (Oliphant Smeaton, ed.) }}

==References== {{reflist}}

==Further reading== {{portal|Christianity|Companies|Literature|London|Scotland}} * Dempster, John A. H., ''[https://stax.strath.ac.uk/concern/theses/6395w7174 The profitability of progressive theology publishing in late nineteenth-century Scotland as illustrated by the experience of T. & T. Clark of Edinburgh in the 1880s and 1890s]'', Ph.D. thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1987. Direct download link [https://stax.strath.ac.uk/downloads/rb68xc15q?locale=en here]. * Dempster, John A. H., ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=t4MsAAAAYAAJ The T. & T. Clark Story – A Victorian Publisher and the New Theology – With an Epilogue Covering the Twentieth-Century History of the Firm]'', Edinburgh: Pentland Press, 1992.

{{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:TandT Clark}} Category:1821 establishments in Scotland Category:Academic publishing companies Category:Book publishing companies based in London Category:Book publishing companies of Scotland Category:Book publishing company imprints Category:Christian publishing companies Category:Companies based in Edinburgh Category:Publishing companies established in 1821 Category:British companies established in 1821