Tiphobia

{{Short description|Species of gastropod}} {{Speciesbox | image = Tiphobia_horei_01.JPG | image_caption = Five views of a shell of ''Tiphobia horei'' | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 15 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Ngereza, C. |date=2010 |title=''Tiphobia horei'' |volume=2010 |article-number=e.T21914A9340138 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T21914A9340138.en |access-date=15 November 2021}}</ref> | display_parents = 3 | genus = Tiphobia | parent_authority = E. A. Smith, 1880<ref>Smith E. A. (1880). "On the shells of Lake Tanganyika and of the neighbourhood of Ujiji, central Africa". ''Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London'' '''1880''': [https://archive.org/stream/proceedingsofgen80zool#page/344/mode/2up 344]-352. [https://archive.org/stream/proceedingsofgen80zool#page/348/mode/2up page 348], [https://archive.org/stream/proceedingsofgen80zool#page/352/mode/2up Plate 31], figure 6-6b.</ref> | species = horei | authority = E. A. Smith, 1880<ref name="Smith 1880 Annals">Smith E. A. (1880). "Diagnoses of new shells from Lake Tanganyika and East Africa". ''Annals and Magazine of Natural History'' (5)'''6''': [https://archive.org/stream/annalsmagazineof561880lond#page/424/mode/2up 425]-430. [https://archive.org/stream/annalsmagazineof561880lond#page/426/mode/2up page 427].</ref> | synonyms = ''Melania horei'' E. A. Smith, 1880<ref name="Smith 1880 Annals"/> }}

'''''Tiphobia horei''''' is a species of freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusc in the family Paludomidae.

''Tiphobia horei'' is the only species in the genus '''''Tiphobia'''''.<ref name="Brown 1994">Brown D. S. (1994). ''Freshwater Snails of Africa and their Medical Importance'', pp. 150–151. Taylor & Francis. {{ISBN|0-7484-0026-5}}.</ref> ''Tiphobia'' is the type genus of the tribe Tiphobiini.<ref name="Bouchet 2005">{{Bouchet 2005}}</ref>

The specific name ''horei'' is in honor of Reverend Edward Coode Hore (1848-1912) from the UK.<ref name="Smith 1880 Annals"/>

==Distribution and habitat== ''Tiphobia horei'' is endemic to Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="iucn status 15 November 2021" /> It is found in Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, and Zambia.<ref name="iucn status 15 November 2021" /> The type locality is Lake Tanganyika at Ujiji.<ref name="Brown 1994"/>

It is typically found on muddy bottoms and often near river mouths. It ranges from the shoreline to a depth of about {{convert|150|m|ft|abbr=on}} but tends to be more common in deeper waters.<ref name="iucn status 15 November 2021" /><ref name="Brown 1994"/>

==Description== ''Tiphobia horei'' has a large shell with spines, so it is easily to determine.<ref name="Brown 1994"/>

The width of the shell typically is {{convert|26|mm|in|abbr=on}},<ref name="Brown 1994"/> and the height typically is {{convert|36|mm|in|abbr=on}},<ref name="Brown 1994"/> but the latter can reach up to about {{convert|52|mm|in|abbr=on}}.<ref name=Strong2007>{{cite journal| author1=Strong, E.E. | author2=Glaubrecht, M. | year=2007 | title=The morphology and independent origin of ovoviviparity in Tiphobia and Lavigeria (Caenogastropoda: Cerithioidea: Paludomidae) from Lake Tanganyika | journal=Organisms, Diversity & Evolution | volume=7 | issue=2 | pages=81–105 | doi=10.1016/j.ode.2006.02.003 | doi-access=free | bibcode=2007ODivE...7...81S }}</ref>

''Tiphobia horei'' is ovoviviparous, there are typically almost 500 embryos per time and upon being "born" each young is up to about {{convert|1.5|mm|in|abbr=on|2}} long.<ref name=Strong2007/> This snail feeds on detritus.<ref name=PalaciosFest2005>{{cite journal| author1=Palacios-Fest, M.R. | author2=S.R. Alin | author3=A.S. Cohen | author4=B. Tanner | author5=H. Heuser | year=2005 | title=Paleolimnological investigations of anthropogenic environmental change in Lake Tanganyika: IV. Lacustrine paleoecology | journal=Journal of Paleolimnology | volume=34 | issue=1 | pages=51–71 | doi=10.1007/s10933-005-2397-1 | bibcode=2005JPall..34...51P | citeseerx=10.1.1.489.2218 }}</ref>

==Conservation status== This snail was given Endangered species status in 1996, but in 2006 this was revised to Least Concern, as it was found to be widespread within the lake and at least locally common.<ref name="iucn status 15 November 2021" /> It is facing sedimentation, dredging and shell collecting, but these are considered to be minor threats to this species.<ref name="iucn status 15 November 2021" />

<gallery> Naturalis Biodiversity Center - RMNH.MOL.170550 - Tiphobia horei Smith, 1880 - Paludomidae - Mollusc shell.jpeg|Tiphobia horei Smith, 1880. Museum specimen. Naturalis Biodiversity Center - RMNH.MOL.170551 - Tiphobia horei Smith, 1880 - Paludomidae - Mollusc shell.jpeg|Tiphobia horei Smith, 1880. Museum specimens. </gallery>

==References== {{Reflist}}

== External links == {{Commons category|Tiphobia horei}} * Moore J. E. (1898). "The mollusks of the Great African lakes. 2. The anatomy of the Typhobias, with a description of a new genus (''Batanalia'') (sic)". ''Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science'' '''41''': [https://archive.org/stream/quarterlyjournal419899lond#page/180/mode/2up 181]-204. Plate [https://archive.org/stream/quarterlyjournalplates419899lond#page/n47/mode/1up 11]-14.

Category:Paludomidae Category:Monotypic gastropod genera Category:Taxa named by Edgar Albert Smith Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot