Timeline of Utrecht

The following is a timeline of the history of the municipality of Utrecht, Netherlands.

Prior to 18th century

• ~50 AD - Roman fortress built on what is now the Dom square as part of the Limes Germanicus. Named Traiectum to signify it was at a crossing of what was at that time the main branch of the Rhine (now the Oude Gracht)
• ~200 AD - Wooden fortress walls upgraded to imported tuff stone. Parts of these wall survive to date
• ~270 AD - Limes Germanicus including the fortress at Trajectum abandoned due to continued invasions.
• 636 - Chapel built by Dagobert I within the walls of the abandoned Roman fortress.^[1]
• 695 - Catholic diocese of Utrecht established.^[2]
• 720 - St. Martin's church founded by Willibrord (approximate date).^[1]
• 918 - Balderic becomes bishop.^[1]
• 1122
  • 22 June: Town privileges confirmed by Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor.^[1]
  • Oudegracht (canal) construction begins.
• 1145 - Smeetoren (tower) built (approximate date).
• 1267 - St. Martin's Cathedral built.^[1]
• 1279 - Buurkerk (church) rebuilding begins.
• 1370 - Public clock installed (approximate date).^[3]
• 1382 - St. Martin's Cathedral tower built.^[4]
• 1393 - Nieuwegracht (Utrecht) (moat) constructed.
• 1432 - Kleine Vleeshal built.
• 1440
  • Guildhall St. Eloy's Hospice in use.
  • Illuminated manuscript Hours of Catherine of Cleves created in Utrecht (approximate date).^[5]
• 1455 - 7 April: Gijsbrecht van Brederode becomes bishop elect of Utrecht after being elected by the chapters.
• 1455 - 13 September: David of Burgundy becomes bishop of Utrecht by papal appointment.^[6]
• 1459 - 2 March: Adriaan Florensz born, later Pope Adrian VI.
• 1470-4 - First Utrecht Civil War to quell continued opposition to his rule David of Burgundy imprisons Gijsbrecht van Brederode leading to the first Utrecht civil war.
• 1471 - Printing press in operation (approximate date).^[7]
• 1481-3 - Second Utrecht Civil War, David of Burgundy temporarily removed from power, but restored after the Siege of Utrecht (1483)
• 1517 - Paushuize (residence) built for Adrian VI.^[1]
• 1528 - Lordship of Utrecht established.
• 1532 - Vredenburg (castle) built.
• 1550 - St. Catherine Cathedral built (approximate date).^[1]
• 1577 - Demolition of Vredenburg castle begins.
• 1579 - 23 January: Treaty unifying northern provinces of the Netherlands signed in Utrecht.^[1]
• 1584 - Catholic property secularized.^[8]
• 1586 - Calvinists in power.^[8]
• 1620s - Utrecht Caravaggisti artists active.^[9]
• 1636 - Utrecht University^[4] and its library established.^[10]
• 1637 - Grote Vleeshuis built.^[1]
• 1644 - Schilders-Collegie founded.^[11]
• 1672-3 - Occupation by French forces.^[8][12]
• 1674 - 1 August: 1674 Netherlands storm. Major damage to several landmark building, most notably the collapse of the nave of the Dom church.^[8]

18th-19th centuries

• 1713 - International peace treaty relating to the War of the Spanish Succession signed in Utrecht.^[1]
• 1773 - Provincial Utrecht Society of Arts and Sciences founded.^[13]
• 1787 - 9 May: Prussians in power.^[14]
• 1795 - 18 January: Utrecht "acquired by the French."^[14]
• 1807 - Genootschap Kunstliefde (art society) formed.
• 1808 - Jewish cemetery, Utrecht established.^[15]
• 1813 - Jan van den Velden becomes mayor.
• 1816 - Utrechtsch Studenten Corps (student society) founded.
• 1823
  • Abstede, Catharijne, Lauwerecht, and Tolsteeg become part of city.^{[citation needed]}
  • Oorsprongpark (Utrecht) opens.
• 1830 - Utrecht City Hall built.^[4]
• 1838 - City Museum of Antiquities opens.
• 1843 - Utrecht Centraal railway station opens.
• 1853 - Sonnenborgh Observatory established.
• 1866 - Population: 58,607 in city; 172,487 in province.^[16]
• 1872 - Aartsbisschoppelijk Museum opens.^[17]
• 1873 - Museum Kunstliefde established.^[17]
• 1879 - Regional Utrecht State Archives established.^[18]
• 1884
  • Utrechtsch Museum van Kunstnijverheid (applied arts museum) opens.
  • Population: 74,364.^[19]
• 1892 - Public library established.^[10]
• 1893 - Utrechts Nieuwsblad (newspaper) begins publication.
• 1894 - Utrecht City Orchestra founded.
• 1898 - Wilhelminapark (Utrecht) opens.

20th century

• 1902 - Aartsbisschoppelijk Paleis van Utrecht built.
• 1906 - Gemeentetram Utrecht (electric tram) begins operating.
• 1908 - Bioscoop Vreeburg (cinema) opens.
• 1913 - Rembrandt Bioscoop-Theater (cinema) opens.^[20]
• 1914 - Old Catholic St. Gertrude's Cathedral built.
• 1916 - Nationale Bankvereeniging (bank) established.^[21]
• 1919 - Population: 138,334.^[22]
• 1921 - Centraal Museum established.
• 1924 - Rietveld Schröder House built in the De Stijl design mode.
• 1927 - Louis Hartlooper Complex construction begins (approximate date).
• 1940 - Population: 165,029.
• 1950 - Population: 193,190.
• 1954 - Oudenrijn (section) and Zuilen become part of city.^{[citation needed]}
• 1960 - Population: 254,186.
• 1961 - Neudeflat built.
• 1967 - 12 June: 1967 Utrecht explosion in Lage Weide.
• 1968 - Sarasani cannabis coffee shop in business.
• 1970 - Football Club Utrecht formed.
• 1970s - part of moat converted to motorway.^[23][24]
• 1976 - Westraven hi-rise built.
• 1978 - Springhaver cinema opens.^[20]
• 1979 - Muziekcentrum Vredenburg (concert hall) and Museum Catharijneconvent open.
• 1980 - Population: 237,037 municipality.^[25]
• 1985 - May: Catholic pope visits Utrecht.
• 1987 - Leefbaarheidsbudget (participatory budgeting) introduced.^[26]
• 1998 - City Utrecht Archive established.
• 2000 - Population: 233,667.

21st century

• 2001 - Vleuten-De Meern becomes part of city.^{[citation needed]}
• 2002 - Regio Randstad regional governance group formed.^[27]
• 2006 - Dick Bruna House museum opens.^[28]
• 2008 - Galghenwert hi-rise built.
• 2011 - Rabobank Bestuurscentrum hi-rise built.
• 2012 - Utrecht befriends the city of Portland, Oregon, USA.^[29]
• 2013 - Population: 321,916 municipality.^[25]
• 2014
  • TivoliVredenburg concert hall opens.
  • Jan van Zanen becomes mayor.
• 2015 - July: 2015 Tour de France cycling race starts from Utrecht.
• 2017
  • May: Basic income pilot to begin.^[30]
  • August: Bicycle parking garage opens.^[31]
• 2019 - March: 2019 Utrecht shooting
• 2020 - September: re-conversion of motorway back to moat/canal completed.^[23][24]

See also

• Utrecht history
• History of Utrecht
• List of mayors of Utrecht
• List of bishops of Utrecht
• List of rijksmonuments in Utrecht (city)
• List of tallest buildings in Utrecht (city)
• History of Utrecht province
• Timelines of other municipalities in the Netherlands: Amsterdam, Breda, Delft, Eindhoven, Groningen, Haarlem, The Hague, 's-Hertogenbosch, Leiden, Maastricht, Nijmegen, Rotterdam

References

1. ^ Britannica 1910.
2. ^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: The Netherlands". Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
3. ^ Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum (1996). History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-15510-4.
4. ^ William Henry Overall (ed.) (1870). "Utrecht". Dictionary of Chronology. London: William Tegg. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949?urlappend=%3Bseq=882
5. ^ "Low Countries, 1400–1600 A.D.: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
6. ^ Joop W. Koopmans & Arend H. Huussen Jr. (2007). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of the Netherlands. 2nd ed. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6444-3.
7. ^ Robert Proctor (1898). "Books Printed From Types: Holland: Utrecht". Index to the Early Printed Books in the British Museum. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Company. hdl:2027/uc1.c3450632?urlappend=%3Bseq=124. – via HathiTrust.
8. ^ Ring 1995.
9. ^ "Low Countries, 1600–1800 A.D.: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
10. ^ Paul Schneiders (1998). "Libraries in the Netherlands". IFLA Journal. 24. International Federation of Library Associations.
11. ^ Claartje Rasterhoff (2014). "The spatial side of innovation: the local organization of cultural production in the Dutch Republic, 1580-1800". Innovation and Creativity in Late Medieval and Early Modern European Cities. Karel Davids & Bert De Munck (eds.). Ashgate. pp. 161–188. ISBN 978-1-4724-3989-5.
12. ^ "Timeline Dutch History". Rijksmuseum. Rijksmuseum. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
13. ^ Jim Parrott (ed.). "Chronology of Scholarly Societies". Scholarly Societies Project. Canada: University of Waterloo. Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine.
14. ^ Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Utrecht", "Haydn's Dictionary of Dates", 25th ed., London: Ward, Lock & Co., hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t41r6xh8t?urlappend=%3Bseq=1477, – via HathiTrust
15. ^ "Utrecht". Four hundred years of Dutch Jewry. Amsterdam: Joods Historisch Museum. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
16. ^ Hunter, Brian; Paxton, John; Steinberg, S. H.; Epstein, Mortimer; Renwick, Isaac Parker Anderson; Keltie, John Scott; Martin, Frederick (1869). "Netherlands". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590337?urlappend=%3Bseq=392
17. ^ "Departement van Binnenlandsche Zaken: Kunsten en wetenschappen (Department of Interior: Arts and Sciences)", "Staatsalmanak voor het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden 1885" (in Dutch), Utrecht: Broese, 1884
18. ^ "Rijksarchief in de provincie Utrecht" (in Dutch), Het Utrechts Archief, retrieved 30 October 2015
19. ^ Hunter, Brian; Paxton, John; Steinberg, S. H.; Epstein, Mortimer; Renwick, Isaac Parker Anderson; Keltie, John Scott; Martin, Frederick (1885). "Netherlands". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590469?urlappend=%3Bseq=391
20. ^ "Movie Theaters in Utrecht, Netherlands". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
21. ^ "The Netherlands". International Banking Directory. Bankers Publishing Company. 1920.
22. ^ "Netherlands". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440?urlappend=%3Bseq=1150. – via HathiTrust.
23. ^ "Joining the circle: Utrecht removes road to be ringed by water once more". DutchNews.nl. 11 September 2020. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
24. ^ Boffey, Daniel (14 September 2020). "Utrecht restores historic canal made into motorway in 1970s". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
25. ^ "Population dynamics; birth, death and migration per region: Municipality Utrecht". StatLine. Statistics Netherlands. 2014.
26. ^ "Leefbaarheidsbudget Participatory Budgeting (Utrecht, Netherlands)". Participedia. Retrieved 9 February 2017.
27. ^ Randstad Holland, Netherlands. OECD Territorial Reviews. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2007. ISBN 978-92-64-00793-2.
28. ^ Joop W. Koopmans & Arend H. Huussen Jr. (2007). Historical Dictionary of the Netherlands. 2nd ed. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6444-3.
29. ^ "Sister Cities". USA: City of Portland, Oregon. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
30. ^ "Utrecht eerste gemeente met proef 'regelarme bijstand'" (in Dutch), NRC, 20 February 2017
31. ^ "Dutch build vital new infrastructure: world's biggest bike parking lot", Reuters, 21 August 2017

Bibliography

Published in the 18th–19th centuries

In English

• Thomas Nugent (1749), "Utrecht", "The Grand Tour", Vol. 1: Netherlands, London: S. Birt, hdl:2027/mdp.39015030762598?urlappend=%3Bseq=187
• "Utrecht". A Geographical, Historical and Political Description of the Empire of Germany, Holland, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Prussia, Italy, Sicily, Corsica and Sardinia: With a Gazetteer. London: John Stockdale. 1800. OCLC 79519893
• Abraham Rees (1819), "Utrecht", "The Cyclopaedia", London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown, hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t3vt1xd50?urlappend=%3Bseq=595
• "Utrecht". Galignani's Traveller's Guide through Holland and Belgium. 4th ed. Paris: A. and W. Galignani. 1822. hdl:2027/njp.32101073846667?urlappend=%3Bseq=183
• "Utrecht", "Handbook for Travellers in Holland and Belgium", 20th ed., London: John Murray, 1881, hdl:2027/hvd.hn2ha2?urlappend=%3Bseq=110, – via HathiTrust (+ 1851 ed.)
• W. Pembroke Fetridge (1885). "Utrecht". Harper's Hand-Book for Travellers in Europe and the East. New York: Harper & Brothers.

In other languages

• Abraham Jacob van der Aa (1848). "Utrecht". Aardrijkskundig woordenboek der Nederlanden (in Dutch). Vol. 11. Gorinchem: Jacobus Noorduyn. – via HathiTrust.
• Volledig adresboek der stad Utrecht ... 1863-1864 [Directory of the City of Utrecht] (in Dutch). J. Van Boekhoven. 1863.
• Samuel Muller Fz. (1878). Catalogus van den topographischen atlas der provincie Utrecht (in Dutch). Beijers. (bibliography)
• H. T. Luks (1891). "Utrecht". Belgien und Holland (in German). No. 22. Griebens Reise-Bibliothek. 5th ed. Berlin: Albert Goldschmidt.

Published in the 20th century

In English

• "Utrecht". Chambers's Encyclopaedia. London. 1901. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t56d64f6t?urlappend=%3Bseq=434
• "Utrecht", "Jewish Encyclopedia", Vol. 12, 1907, hdl:2027/osu.32435029752839?urlappend=%3Bseq=450
• Charles Bertram Black (1908), "Utrecht", "Holland: its Rail, Tram, and Waterways", 3rd ed., London: A. and C. Black (+ 1876 ed.)
• Edmundson, George (1910). Vol. 27. pp. 824–826.
• George Wharton Edwards (1909). "Utrecht". Holland of To-day. New York: Moffat, Yard & Company.
• "Utrecht". Belgium and Holland. 15th ed. Leipzig: Karl Baedeker. 1910. OCLC 397759 (+ 1881 ed.)
• "Archdiocese of Utrecht", "Catholic Encyclopedia", 1913, hdl:2027/nyp.33433070780394?urlappend=%3Bseq=287
• Trudy Ring (ed.) (1995). "Utrecht". Northern Europe. International Dictionary of Historic Places. Fitzroy Dearborn. p. 762+. ISBN 978-1-136-63944-9.

In Dutch

• Henri Zondervan (ed.) (1922), "Utrecht", "Winkler Prins' Geillustreerde Encyclopaedie" (in Dutch), Vol. 16, 4th ed., Amsterdam: Uitgevers-Maatschappy "Elsevier", hdl:2027/mdp.39015068347908?urlappend=%3Bseq=115
• G. van Herwijnen (ed.) (1978). "Utrecht". Bibliografie van de stedengeschiedenis van Nederland (in Dutch). Brill. ISBN 90-04-05700-5.

External links

• Europeana. Items related to Utrecht, various dates.
• Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Utrecht, various dates