Timeline of Rotterdam

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The following is a timeline of the history of the municipality of Rotterdam, Netherlands. {{Dynamic list}} {{TOC right}}

==Prior to 19th century== {{History of the Netherlands}} [[File:Bestorming van Rotterdam door Spanjaarden en Boussu 1572.jpg|thumb|In 1572 Rotterdam was plundered by the Spanish troops of Count Bossu]] thumb|right|Map of Rotterdam, 1649

* ca. 950 - Settlement at the lower end of the fen stream ''Rotte'' * 1270 - Dam built on Rotte. * 1299 - John I, Count of Holland granted rights to the people of Rotterdam, marking the origin of the town.<ref name=brit1910 /> * 1328 - Latin school established * 1340 - City rights granted by William IV, Count of Holland.<ref name=baedeker1910>{{Citation |publisher = Karl Baedeker |location = Leipzig |title = Belgium and Holland |chapter=Rotterdam |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/belgiumhollan00karl#page/300/mode/2up |date = 1910 |oclc = 397759 }}</ref> * 1350 - Rotterdamse Schie (canal) constructed (approximate date). * 1466 - Erasmus, philosopher and Catholic theologian born.<ref name=brit1910 /> * 1477 - Saint Lawrence Church consecrated. * 1489 - Rotterdam besieged by forces of Frans van Brederode.<ref name=brit1910 /> * 1563 - Fire.<ref name=hammond>{{Citation |publisher = Hammond & Co. |location=New York |title = Hammond's Comprehensive Atlas of the World |date = 1913 |oclc = 77937509 |ol=23470505M }}</ref> * 1572 - Spanish in power.<ref name=brit1910 /> * 1574 - Admiralty of Rotterdam organized. * 1611 - Guild of Saint Luke active (approximate date).{{citation needed|date=December 2012}} * 1622 - Erasmus statue by Hendrick de Keyser erected.<ref name=baedeker1891 /><ref name=brit1910 /> * 1626 - Collegium Mechanicum established.<ref name="Dixhoorn2008">{{cite book|editor1=Arjan Van Dixhoorn |editor2=Susie Speakman Sutch |title=The Reach of the Republic of Letters: Literary and Learned Societies in the Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X_bfaRJbXyQC|year=2008|publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-16955-5 }}</ref> * 1632 - Population: 20,000 (approximate).<ref name=brit1910>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Rotterdam |volume= 23 | page = 766 |date=1910 }}</ref> * 1643 - Scottish Presbyterian church built.<ref name=black1908>{{cite book |title=Holland: its Rail, Tram, and Waterways |author=C.B. Black |edition=3rd |location=London |publisher =Adam and Charles Black |year=1908 |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=2tJoAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA14 |chapter= Rotterdam }}</ref> * 1722 - Exchange built.<ref name=baedeker1891 /> * 1769 - Batavian Society for Experimental Philosophy founded. * 1773 - Studium Scientiarum Genetrix literary society formed.<ref name=parrott>{{cite web |url= http://www.scholarly-societies.org/chronology_soc.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304115228/http://www.scholarly-societies.org/chronology_soc.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 March 2016 |title=Chronology of Scholarly Societies |editor=Jim Parrott |work=Scholarly Societies Project |publisher=University of Waterloo |location=Canada }}</ref> * 1780 - Birth of Hendrik Tollens, poet.<ref name=brit1910 /> * 1781 - Rotterdamse Academie established. * 1796 - Population: 53,212.<ref name=brit1910 /> * 1797 - Netherlands Missionary Society founded. * 1798 - Organ installed in Saint Lawrence Church.<ref name=baedeker1910 />

==19th century== thumb|Plan of Rotterdam in 1873 with plan of expansion * 1813 - Johan François van Hogendorp van Heeswijk becomes mayor. * 1835 - Town Hall rebuilt.<ref name=baedeker1910 /> * 1838 - Population: 72,000.<ref name=murray1838>{{Citation |publisher =John Murray |location = London |title = A hand-book for travellers on the continent |edition=2nd |date = 1838 |oclc = 2030550 |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/handbookfortrav00john#page/20/mode/2up |chapter= Rotterdam }}</ref> * 1844 - ''Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Courant'' begins publication.<ref name="Plasse2005" /> * 1847 - Delftsche Poort railway station opens. * 1849 - Boymans Museum opens.<ref>{{cite book |title=Beschrijving der schilderijen enz. in het Museum te Rotterdam, gesticht door Mr. F. J. O. Boymans |year=1859 }}</ref> * 1851 - Royal Maas Yacht Club founded. * 1857 - Zoo opens.<ref name=brit1910 /> * 1859 - Rotterdamsch Leeskabinet (library) founded. * 1863 - Rotterdam Bank established. * 1866 - Population: 115,277.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hunter |first1=Brian |last2=Paxton |first2=John |last3=Steinberg |first3=S. H. |last4=Epstein |first4=Mortimer |last5=Renwick |first5=Isaac Parker Anderson |last6=Keltie |first6=John Scott |last7=Martin |first7=Frederick |title=Statesman's Year-Book |year=1869 |location=London |publisher= Macmillan and Co.|chapter= Netherlands |chapter-url= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433081590337?urlappend=%3Bseq=392 |title-link=Statesman's Year-Book |hdl=2027/nyp.33433081590337?urlappend=%3Bseq=392 }}</ref> * 1869 - Feijenoord becomes part of city.<ref name=brit1910 /> * 1870 - Municipal waterworks established.<ref name=brit1910 /> * 1872 - Nieuwe Waterweg constructed. * 1873 - Netherlands-America Steamship Company in business. * 1874 ** Katendrecht village becomes part of city. ** Oldenzeel art gallery in business.<ref>{{cite journal |title=In search of Van Gogh's Nuenen studio: the Oldenzeel exhibitions of 1903 |author= Martha Op de Coul |journal=Van Gogh Museum Journal |year=2002 |url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/_van012200201_01/_van012200201_01_0009.php |access-date=November 29, 2012 }}</ref> ** Fountain installed at Nieuwe Markt.<ref name=baedeker1891 /> ** Maritime Museum founded.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.maritiemmuseum.nl/ |title= Maritiem Museum Rotterdam |access-date=November 29, 2012}}</ref> * 1875 ** Post office built.<ref name=brit1910 /> ** {{Interlanguage link multi|Koninklijke Rotterdamsche Lloyd|nl}} shipping firm in business. * 1876 - Rotterdamsche reinigingsdienst formed. * 1877 - Railway Bridge,<ref name=baedeker1891 /> Rotterdam Zuid railway station, and Rotterdam Beurs railway station open. * 1878 - Willemsbrug opens.<ref name=baedeker1891 /> * 1879 ** Horsecar trams begin operating. ** Passage (arcade) built.<ref name=baedeker1891 /> * 1882 - Fish Market built.<ref name=baedeker1891 /> * 1885 - Museum for Geography and Ethnology opens.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wereldmuseum.nl/en/organisatie/historie.html |title= History |publisher=Wereldmuseum Rotterdam |access-date=November 29, 2012}}</ref> * 1886 - Delfshaven becomes part of city.<ref name=brit1910 /> * 1891 - Population: 203,500.<ref name=baedeker1891>{{Citation |publisher = Karl Baedeker |location = Leipsic |title = Belgium and Holland |edition = 3rd |date = 1891 |oclc = 5624932 |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/belgiumandholland00karl#page/246/mode/2up |chapter= Rotterdam |ol = 23280595M }}</ref> * 1894 - Municipal gas and electricity established.<ref name=brit1910 /> * 1895 - Charlois and Kralingen become part of city.<ref name=brit1910 /> * 1898 - Witte Huis built. * 1900 - "Record office" established.<ref name=brit1910 />

==20th century== * 1904 ** Museum van Oudheden (city history museum) in operation in the Schielandshuis. ** Schiecentrale built. * 1905 ** Electric trams begin operating. ** Population: 379,017.<ref name=brit1910 /> * 1908 ** Rotterdam Hofplein railway station opens. ** Wilhelmina football club formed. * 1913 - Netherlands School of Commerce founded. * 1920 - ''Voorwaarts'' newspaper begins publication.<ref name="Plasse2005">{{cite book|author= Jan van de Plasse |title= Kroniek van de Nederlandse dagblad- en opiniepers |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qHZu6UHeMUEC|year=2005|publisher=Otto Cramwinckel |isbn=978-90-75727-77-7 |language=nl }} (timeline)</ref> * 1925 - Economic Faculty Association established. * 1927 - Natural History Museum established. * 1930 ** Rotterdam Philharmonic Orchestra active. ** Naamlooze Vennootschap Margarine Unie in business.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unilever.nl/overons/onzegeschiedenis/1920/ |title=Onze geschiedenis |author=Unilever Nederland |language=nl |access-date=November 29, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unilever.com/investorrelations/shareholder_info/understanding_nvplc_shares/ |title=History of Unilever |publisher=Unilever |access-date=November 29, 2012}}</ref> ** Rotterdams Conservatorium founded. * 1931 ** Rotterdamse Dansschool founded. ** Van Nelle Factory built. * 1934 ** Hoogvliet and Pernis become part of city. ** De Doelen (concert hall and convention centre) built. * 1937 ** Stadion Feijenoord and Rotterdam Stadion railway station open. ** Museum of Taxation founded.<ref>{{Citation |publisher = Madison Books |isbn = 1568331231 |title = For Good and Evil: The Impact of Taxes on the Course of History |edition=2nd |author = Charles Adams |date = 1999 |id = 1568331231 |ol = 387134M }}</ref> * 1938 ** Pieter Oud becomes mayor. ** Yevhen Konovalets is assassinated in Rotterdam by Pavel Sudoplatov. * 1940 ** May 14: Rotterdam Blitz.<ref name="Zabecki2015">{{cite book|author= David T. Zabecki |title=World War II in Europe: An Encyclopedia |year= 2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-81242-3 |chapter=Chronology of World War II in Europe |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Mq_lCAAAQBAJ&pg=PT1780 }}</ref> ** Diergaarde Blijdorp (zoo) re-opens. * 1941 - Hillegersberg, IJsselmonde, Overschie, and Schiebroek become part of city. * 1945 - Pieter Oud becomes mayor again. * 1946 ** {{Interlanguage link multi|Plan for the Reconstruction of Rotterdam|nl|3=Basisplan voor de Wederopbouw van Rotterdam}} adopted. ** ''Algemeen Dagblad'' begins publication. * 1953 ** Rotterdam Blaak railway station and Rotterdam Noord railway station open. ** Groothandelsgebouw built. * 1956 - Airport opens. * 1957 - Rotterdam Centraal railway station opens. * 1958 - Arboretum Trompenburg opens. * 1960 ** Euromast tower built. ** City hosts Floriade horticulture exhibition. * 1962 - Port of Rotterdam ranked world's busiest port by cargo tonnage.{{citation needed|date=December 2012}} * 1964 ** Rotterdam Lombardijen railway station opens. ** Hilton Hotel built. * 1965 - Regional Rinjmond Public Authority created.<ref>{{cite book|title=Major Cities and Their Peripheries: Co-operation and Co-ordinated Management |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=zhBj1MDzT6AC&pg=PA17 |year= 1993 |series=Local and Regional Authorities in Europe |number=51 |publisher=Council of Europe Press |isbn=978-92-871-2394-7}}</ref> * 1966 - De Doelen (concert hall and convention centre) rebuilt. * 1968 - Rotterdam Metro begins operating. * 1969 - Rotterdam Alexander railway station opens. * 1970 ** Poetry International first performance. ** ''NRC Handelsblad'' begins publication, after the merger between Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Courant and Algemeen Handelsblad ** Nedlloyd shipping firm in business. ** Kralingen Music Festival held. * 1972 International Film Festival Rotterdam first started. * 1973 ** Charlois, Hoogvliet, and Hoek van Holland sub-municipalities created.<ref name=morlan1982>{{cite journal |title=Sub-Municipal Governance in Practice: The Rotterdam Experience |author= Robert L. Morlan |journal= Western Political Quarterly |volume=35 |issue= 3 |pages= 425–441 |year= 1982 |jstor=447555 |doi= 10.2307/447555 }}</ref> ** Maasvlakte in operation. * 1974 - André van der Louw becomes mayor. * 1975 ** Prins Alexander sub-municipality created.<ref name=morlan1982 /> ** Werkcentrum Dans founded. * 1976 ** IJsselmonde and Centrum Noord sub-municipalities created.<ref name=morlan1982 /> ** Stoom Stichting Nederland railway museum founded. * 1977 - Sviib (student association) organized. * 1979 - HNLMS Buffel museum ship opens. * 1981 ** Rotterdam Marathon begins. ** Baroeg (music venue) in business. * 1982 - Bram Peper becomes mayor. * 1984 ** Zomercarnaval begins. ** Cube houses built near Oude Haven. * 1986 - Port of Rotterdam ranked world's busiest container port.{{citation needed|date=December 2012}} * 1988 - Hogeschool Rotterdam established. * 1990 - Witte de With Center for Contemporary Art<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.wdw.nl/about/ |title= Witte de With Contemporary Art |access-date=November 29, 2012}}</ref> and Shipping and Transport College established.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.stc-group.nl/Pages/Organization/1033/History.aspx |title= History |publisher= STC-Group |access-date= November 29, 2012 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121201083650/http://www.stc-group.nl/Pages/Organization/1033/History.aspx |archive-date= December 1, 2012 }}</ref> * 1991 - Gebouw Delftse Poort built. * 1992 - Kunsthal art museum opens. * 1993 ** Netherlands Architecture Institute relocates to Rotterdam. ** Chabot Museum opens.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chabotmuseum.nl/english/index.html |title= Chabot Museum |access-date=November 29, 2012}}</ref> * 1994 - V2 Institute for the Unstable Media active. * 1996 ** Erasmus Bridge opens. ** Schouwburgplein (square) redesigned. * 1997 - MAMA project established by Public Art Squad Foundation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.showroommama.nl/en/info/about/ |title=Showroom MAMA |access-date=November 29, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130423165832/http://www.showroommama.nl/en/info/about/ |archive-date=April 23, 2013 }}</ref> * 1999 ** Ivo Opstelten becomes mayor. ** WORM (Rotterdam) active.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://us.myspace.com/worm_rotterdam |title=WORM Rotterdam |publisher=Myspace |access-date=November 29, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121203225902/http://us.myspace.com/worm_rotterdam |archive-date=December 3, 2012 }}</ref> * 2000 ** Architecture Film Festival Rotterdam begins.{{citation needed|date=December 2012}} ** Codarts University for the Arts opens. ** KPN Tower built.

==21st century== thumb|Map of Rotterdam (2009) * 2001 ** World Port Center built. ** Oceanium (aquarium) opens. ** City designated a European Capital of Culture. * 2002 - Regio Randstad regional governance group formed.<ref name="oecd2007">{{cite book |series=OECD Territorial Reviews |title=Randstad Holland, Netherlands |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wYLVAgAAQBAJ|year= 2007|publisher=Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development |isbn=978-92-64-00793-2}}</ref> * 2003 - Netherlands Photo Museum opens. * 2005 - Montevideo (residential skyscraper) built. * 2006 ** North Sea Jazz Festival begins in Rotterdam. ** Rotterdam Circus Arts founded.{{citation needed|date=December 2012}} * 2007 ** RandstadRail and Betuweroute in operation. ** Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2007 held.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2007 |url=http://www.junioreurovision.tv/page/year-page?event=1479 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309044718/http://www.junioreurovision.tv/page/year-page?event=1479 |archive-date=2012-03-09 |access-date=2026-05-10 |website=Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2010 in Minsk |language=en}}</ref> * 2009 ** Ahmed Aboutaleb becomes first Muslim mayor of a major European city. ** Maastoren skyscraper built. * 2010 ** Rozenburg becomes part of city. ** Pernis sub-municipality created. ** New Orleans (residential skyscraper) built. ** 2010 Tour de France cycling race starts from Rotterdam. * 2012 - Population: 616,250. * 2013 Maasvlakte 2 in operation. * 2014 ** Market Hall built. ** Rotterdam Centraal station in operation. * 2020 - Population: 651,376 * 2021 ** Depot Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen.<ref>https://www.mvrdv.nl/projects/10/depot-boijmans-van-beuningen Depot Museum Boymans Van Beuningen</ref> ** De Zalmhaven built. ** Floating Office Rotterdam (FOR)<ref>https://www.powerhouse-company.com/for-office Floating Office Rotterdam</ref> built, accommodating the Global Center on Adaptation. ** Eurovision Song Contest 2021 held.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rotterdam 2021 |url=https://www.eurovision.com/eurovision-song-contest/rotterdam-2021/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=Eurovision Song Contest |language=en}}</ref>

==See also== * {{Interlanguage link multi|History of Rotterdam|nl|3=Geschiedenis van Rotterdam}} * List of mayors of Rotterdam * {{Interlanguage link multi|List of churches in Rotterdam|nl|3=Lijst van kerken in Rotterdam}} * {{Interlanguage link multi|List of national monuments in Rotterdam|nl|3=Lijst van rijksmonumenten in Rotterdam (stad)}} * Timelines of other municipalities in the Netherlands: Amsterdam, Breda, Delft, Eindhoven, Groningen, Haarlem, The Hague, 's-Hertogenbosch, Leiden, Maastricht, Nijmegen, Utrecht

==References== {{Reflist|30em}}

==Bibliography== {{Refbegin}} '''In English''' * {{Citation |publisher =S. Birt |location = London |author = Thomas Nugent |title = The Grand Tour |date = 1749 |chapter=Rotterdam |chapter-url= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015030762598?urlappend=%3Bseq=120 |volume=1: Netherlands |hdl = 2027/mdp.39015030762598?urlappend=%3Bseq=120 |author-link = Thomas Nugent (travel writer) }} * {{cite book |title = Gazetteer of the Netherlands |others = Attributed to Clement Cruttwell |publisher = G.G.J. and J. Robinson |location =London |year = 1794 |chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Mv1WAAAAcAAJ&pg=RA5-PA29 |chapter = Rotterdam }} * {{cite book |title=Galignani's Traveller's Guide through Holland and Belgium |location= Paris |publisher= A. and W. Galignani |year= 1822 |edition=4th |chapter= Rotterdam |hdl= 2027/njp.32101073846667?urlappend=%3Bseq=108 |chapter-url= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/njp.32101073846667?urlappend=%3Bseq=108 }} * {{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Rotterdam |volume= 23 | page = 766 |date=1910 |short= 1}} * {{cite book |editor1=Mario Polèse |editor2=Richard E. Stren |title=The Social Sustainability of Cities: Diversity and the Management of Change |year=2000 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |isbn=978-0-8020-8320-3 |chapter=Room to manoeuvre: governance, the post-industrial economy, and housing provision in Rotterdam |author1=Frans Dieleman |author2=Robert C. Kloosterman |name-list-style=amp |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KQOi063YxiAC&pg=PA175 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/socialsustainabi0000unse }} * {{cite book|editor=Anton Kreukels|title=Metropolitan Governance and Spatial Planning: Comparative Case Studies of European City-Regions |year= 2005|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-49606-8 |chapter=Rotterdam |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=R3mBAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA189 |display-editors=etal}} * {{cite journal |title=Building Democracy Anew: Neighborhood Planning and Political Reform in Post-Blitz Rotterdam |author= Stefan Couperus |journal= Journal of Urban History |volume=42 |year= 2016 }}

'''In Dutch''' * {{cite book|author= Abraham Jacob van der Aa |title= Aardrijkskundig woordenboek der Nederlanden |trans-title=Geographical dictionary of the Netherlands |language=nl |year=1847 |publisher= Jacobus Noorduyn |location=Gorinchem |chapter=Rotterdam |chapter-url= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015039364024?urlappend=%3Bseq=670 |volume=9 |hdl= 2027/mdp.39015039364024?urlappend=%3Bseq=670 |via=HathiTrust |author-link= Abraham Jacob van der Aa }} * {{cite book |title=Rotterdam in den loop der eeuwen |trans-title=Rotterdam in the course of ages |language=nl |year=1906 |location=Rotterdam |publisher=W. Nevens |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y3UrAAAAYAAJ }} * {{citation |title=Winkler Prins' Geillustreerde Encyclopaedie |edition=4th |location=Amsterdam |publisher=Uitgevers-Maatschappy „Elsevier“ |editor= Henri Zondervan |editor-link= Henri Zondervan |language=nl |chapter= Rotterdam |volume=14 |chapter-url= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015068347924?urlappend=%3Bseq=554 |year= 1921 |title-link=Winkler Prins |hdl=2027/mdp.39015068347924?urlappend=%3Bseq=554 }} {{refend}}

==External links== * {{Commons category-inline|History of Rotterdam}} * {{cite web |url=http://code.waag.org/buildings/ |title= All buildings in the Netherlands, shaded according to year of construction |publisher=Waag Society |location=Amsterdam }} (map that includes Rotterdam) * Europeana. [https://www.europeana.eu/portal/search.html?query=where%3ARotterdam&rows=96 Items related to Rotterdam], various dates. * Digital Public Library of America. [http://dp.la/search?utf8=✓&page_size=100&q=Rotterdam Items related to Rotterdam], various dates

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Category:History of Rotterdam Rotterdam Category:Years in the Netherlands