{{short description|None}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}} The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Hama, Syria. {{Dynamic list}} {{TOC right}}
==Prior to 7th century== {{History of Syria}}
* 11th century BCE – Town is "capital of Aramean kingdom of Hamath."{{sfn|Whitaker|2008}} * 854 BCE – Town taken by Assyrian Shalmaneser II.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}} * 743 BCE – Assyrians in power again.{{sfn|Chambers|1901}} * 740 BCE – Uprising.{{sfn|Chambers|1901}} * 720 BCE – Uprising "crushed by Sargon."{{sfn|Britannica|1910}} * 540 BCE – Persians in power (approximate date). * 64 BCE – Town becomes part of the Roman province of Syria.
==7th–19th centuries== * 639 CE – Town taken by Arab Muslim Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}} * 637 – Great Mosque built.<ref name=archnet /> * 10th century – Hamdanids in power. * 968 – Town sacked by Byzantine forces of Nicephorus Phocas.{{sfn|Whitaker|2008}} * 11th century – Town sacked by Mirdasid forces. * 1108 – Tancred, Prince of Galilee takes town.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}} * 1114 – Seljuks in power.{{sfn|Whitaker|2008}} * 1157 – Earthquake.{{sfn|Baedeker|1876}} * 1172 – Nur al-Din Mosque built. * 1175 – Saladin takes town from Zangids.{{sfn|Whitaker|2008}} * 1178 – Al-Muzaffar I Umar becomes Emir of Hama.{{sfn|Whitaker|2008}} * 1191 – Al-Mansur I Muhammad becomes Emir of Hama. * 1221 – Al-Nasir Kilij Arslan becomes Emir of Hama. * 1229 – Al-Muzaffar II Mahmud becomes Emir of Hama. * 1244 – Al-Mansur Muhammad II becomes Emir of Hama. * 1260 – Town sacked by Mongols. * 1284 – Al-Muzaffar III Mahmud becomes Emir of Hama. * 1299 – Mamluks in power.{{sfn|Whitaker|2008}} * 1310 – Ayyubid Abu al-Fida becomes Emir of Hama.{{sfn|Baedeker|1876}} * 1323 – al-Izzi Mosque built.<ref name=archnet /> * 1326 – Abu'l-Fida Mosque built.<ref name=archnet>{{cite web |author=ArchNet.org |publisher=MIT School of Architecture and Planning |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA |url=http://archnet.org/library/places/one-place.jsp?place_id=1723 |title=Hama |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024042029/http://archnet.org/library/places/one-place.jsp?place_id=1723 |archive-date=24 October 2012 }}</ref> * 1331 – Al-Afdal Muhammad becomes Emir of Hama. * 1400 – Timurlane takes town. * 1453 – al-Mamunye (water wheel) constructed.{{citation needed|date=February 2013}} * 1516 – Ottoman Turks in power. * 1556 – Khan Rustum Pasha (caravansary) built.{{citation needed|date=February 2013}} * 1742 – Azm Palace built. * 1858 – Population: 30,000.{{sfn|Murray|1858}} * 1864 – Town becomes capital of the Hamah sanjak (district) in the Vilayet of Sham.{{sfn|Whitaker|2008}} * 1875 – Cholera outbreak.{{sfn|Baedeker|1876}} * 1898 – Public library opens (approximate date).<ref>{{Citation |publisher = Oxford University Press |isbn = 0195061039 |publication-place = New York |title = Islamic reform: politics and social change in late Ottoman Syria |author = David Dean Commins |date = 11 August 1990 |publication-date = 1990 |id = 0195061039 }}</ref>
==20th century==
* 1901 – Population: 45,000 (approximate).{{sfn|Chambers|1901}} * 1902 – Rayak-Hama railway begins operating.<ref>{{cite journal |journal=Railway Age |title=Railway developments in Syria |year=1904 |location=Chicago }}</ref> * 1906 – Aleppo-Hama railway constructed.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Railway Lines of Syria and Palestine |author=Lewis R. Freeman |journal= Railway Age Gazette |location=New York |year=1915 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3bElAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA199 }}</ref> * 1917 – Shaker al-Hanbali becomes mayor.<ref name=moubayed2006>{{Citation |publisher = Cune Press |location=Seattle, USA |isbn = 9781885942401 |title = Steel & Silk: Men and Women who Shaped Syria 1900–2000 |author = Sami Moubayed |date=11 August 2023 |publication-date =2006 }}</ref> * 1918 – Town becomes part of French Mandate of Syria. * 1925 – 1925 Hama uprising, early October uprising by Hama's inhabitants led by Fawzi al-Qawuqji against the French mandate, subsequent crackdown by French forces. Part of the Great Syrian Revolt.{{sfn|Bou-Nacklie|1998}} * 1930 – Population: 60,000.<ref name=commins2004>{{Citation |publisher = Scarecrow Press |publication-place = Lanham, Maryland |title = Historical Dictionary of Syria |author = David Dean Commins |publication-date = 2004 |edition=2nd }}</ref> * 1941 – Al-Taliya Sport Club formed. * 1945 – Al-Nawair Sport Club formed. * 1946 – City becomes part of independent Syrian Republic. * 1960 – Population: 97,390.<ref name=helders>{{cite web |url=http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&des=wg&srt=npan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500&geo=-202 |title=Syria: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population |work=World Gazetteer |publisher=Stefan Helders |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130412044615/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&des=wg&srt=npan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500&geo=-202 |archive-date=12 April 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * 1963 – April: Anti-Baathist demonstrations.<ref>{{cite book|author=Malik Mufti|title=Sovereign Creations: Pan-Arabism and Political Order in Syria and Iraq|publisher=Cornell University Press|year=1996|isbn=0801431689|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/sovereigncreatio00muft}}</ref> * 1964 ** April: Conflict between Muslim Brotherhood and Baath leaders.<ref name=commins2004 /> ** Population: 131,630 (estimate).<ref>{{cite book |url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1960_round.htm |title=Demographic Yearbook 1965 |year=1966 |publisher=Statistical Office of the United Nations |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants |pages=140–161 }}</ref> * 1970 – Population: 137,421.<ref name=helders /> * 1980 – February: Islamist uprising<ref name=bbc-timeline /> * 1981 – April: 1981 Hama massacre. * 1982 – February: Muslim Brotherhood uprising against Hafez al-Assad government; crackdown.<ref name=bbc-timeline>{{cite news |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-14703995 |title=Syria Profile: Timeline |date=28 August 2011 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=26 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Historical Atlas of Islam |year=2004 |publisher=Cartographica |author=Malise Ruthven }}</ref> * 1985 – Population: 193,610 (estimate).<ref>{{cite book |url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1980_round.htm |title=1985 Demographic Yearbook |year=1987 |author=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants |pages=247–289 }}</ref> * 1989 – Apamea Cham Palace Hotel built.<ref name=archnet />
==21st century== {{see also|Timeline of the Syrian Civil War}}
* 2003 – Population: 427,369 (estimate).<ref name=helders /> * 2008 – Population: 1,508,000 (estimate).<ref>{{citation |chapter=Table 8 – Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants |chapter-url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/dyb_2018/ |title=Demographic Yearbook – 2018 |publisher=United Nations }}</ref> * 2011 ** 15 March–3 July: Mass demonstrations.<ref name=bbc-timeline /><ref>{{cite web |title='Half a million' protest on streets of Hama |work= Al Jazeera |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/07/2011780473138345.html |date=8 July 2011 }}</ref> ** 3 July–4 August: Army crackdown on protesters.<ref>{{cite web |title=UN council condemns use of force by Syria |work= Al Jazeera |url= http://www.aljazeera.com/video/middleeast/2011/08/201183175446100290.html |date=4 August 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Syria: President Bashar al-Assad sacks governor of Hama |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-14000995?print=true |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=BBC News |date=2 July 2011}}</ref> **September–December: Hama Governorate clashes<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-14738385 | work=BBC News | title=Syria unrest: Hama legal chief 'resigns over killings' | date=1 September 2011}}</ref> * 2012 **14 April: City under full SAA control **25 April: Explosion in Mashaa Attayar.<ref>{{cite web |title=Blast in Syria's Hama kills many |work= Al Jazeera |url= http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2012/04/2012425223022589689.html |date=26 April 2012 }}</ref><ref name=britannica2013>{{cite book|title=Encyclopædia Britannica Book of the Year |year=2013|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jXadAAAAQBAJ|isbn=978-1-62513-103-4}}</ref> * 2012/13 **Autumn–spring: Rebels in control of Hamidiyah, Tariq Halab and Al-Arbain neighbourhoods<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis-hama-idUSBRE93O0I020130425|title=Syria rebels launch attack in central Hama after months of calm|work=Reuters|date=25 April 2013 |access-date=25 October 2014}}</ref> * 2013 **25 April–15 June: Rest of the city captured by SAA during 2013 Hama offensive.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fierce fighting rages across Syria |work= Al Jazeera |url= http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2013/01/201311716944605506.html |date=18 January 2013 }}</ref> *2024 **30 November–5 December: Syrian opposition forces captured the city following fierce clashes.<ref>{{cite news |title=Syrian rebels capture second major city as army withdraws from Hama |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2024/12/05/middleeast/syria-rebels-hama-government-intl/index.html |access-date=5 December 2024 |publisher=CNN |date=5 December 2024}}</ref>
==See also== * Timelines of other cities in Syria: Aleppo, Damascus, Homs, Latakia
==References== {{reflist|30em}}
==Bibliography== {{Refbegin}} ;Published in 19th century * {{cite book |author=Abraham Rees |author-link=Abraham Rees |title=The Cyclopædia |year=1819 |location=London |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753002000542#page/276/mode/2up |chapter=Hamah }} * {{Citation |publisher = J.Duncan |publication-place = London |title = The Modern Traveller |author = Josiah Conder |author-link=Josiah Conder (editor and author) |publication-date =1830 |chapter-url = https://archive.org/stream/moderntraveller20condiala#page/350/mode/2up |chapter=(Hamah) }} * {{Citation |publisher = J. Murray |publication-place = London |title = Handbook for Travellers in Syria and Palestine |publication-date = 1858 |oclc = 2300777 |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=3kNTAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA620 |chapter=Hamah |year = 1858 | ref = {{harvid|Murray|1858}} }} * {{Citation |publisher = Karl Baedeker |publication-place = Leipsig |title = Palestine and Syria |publication-date = 1876 |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=qoIDAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA557 |chapter = Hama |year = 1876 | ref = {{harvid|Baedeker|1876}} }}
;Published in 20th century * {{Citation |publisher = W. & R. Chambers |publication-date = 1901 |publication-place = London |title = Chambers's Encyclopaedia |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/chamberssency05lond#page/526/mode/2up |chapter= Hamah |year = 1901 | ref = {{harvid|Chambers|1901}} }} * {{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Hamah |volume= 12 | page = 869 |date=1910 |ref= {{harvid|Britannica|1910}} |short= 1}} * {{Citation |publisher = Routledge |isbn = 9781884964039 |title = Middle East and Africa |series=International Dictionary of Historic Places |editor = Trudy Ring |publication-date = 1996 |chapter=Hama }} * {{cite journal |title=Tumult in Syria's Hama in 1925: The Failure of a Revolt |author= N. E. Bou-Nacklie |journal= Journal of Contemporary History |volume=33 |year=1998 |issue= 2 |pages= 273–289 |doi= 10.1177/002200949803300206 |s2cid= 159788188 | ref = {{harvid|Bou-Nacklie|1998}} }}
;Published in 21st century * {{Citation |publisher = ABC-CLIO |publication-place = Santa Barbara, USA |editor1 = Michael R.T. Dumper |editor2=Bruce E. Stanley |chapter=Hamah |author=J.L. Whitaker |title = Cities of the Middle East and North Africa |publication-date = 2008 | ref = {{harvid|Whitaker|2008}} }} * {{cite book |chapter=Hama |title=Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture |year=2009 |publisher=Oxford University Press }} {{refend}}
==External links== {{commons category|History of Hama}}
{{Coord|35|08|N|36|45|E|region:SY_type:city|display=title}} {{Hama Governorate|hama}} {{Cities of Syria}} {{Syria year nav}}
Category:Years in Syria Category:History of Hama Hama