The Oprichnik

{{Short description|1874 opera by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky}} {{Infobox opera | name = The Oprichnik | composer = Tchaikovsky | image_upright = 1.3 | image = Oprichnik by Vasnetsov.jpg | caption = Apollinary Vasnetsov's set design for a 1911 production at Bakhrushin Museum, Moscow | native_name = {{langx|ru|Опричник|links=no}} | librettist = Tchaikovsky | language = Russian | based_on = {{based on|''The Oprichniks''|Ivan Lazhechnikov}} | premiere_date = {{Start date|1874|04|24|df=y}} | premiere_location = Mariinsky Theatre, Saint Petersburg }} '''''The Oprichnik''''' ({{langx|ru|«Опричник»}}, {{IPA|ru|ɐˈprʲitɕnʲɪk|IPA|Ru-Oprichnik.ogg}}), also translated as '''''The Guardsman''''', is an opera in 4 acts, 5 scenes, by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky to his own libretto after the tragedy ''The Oprichniks'' ({{langx|ru|Опричники}}) by Ivan Lazhechnikov (1792–1869). The subject of the opera is the oprichniks. It is set in Ivan the Terrible's court during the oprichnina times (1565–1573).

Tchaikovsky worked on the opera from February 1870 - March 1872. It includes music from his early opera ''The Voyevoda'' (1869). The work is dedicated to the Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich Romanov. It was given its premiere performance at the Mariinsky Theatre in St Petersburg on 24 April 1874, followed by the Moscow premiere on 16 May 1874 at the Bolshoi Theatre.

==Roles== {| class="wikitable" !|Role !|Voice type !|Premiere cast, St. Petersburg<br />24 April (12 April O.S.) 1874<br />(Conductor: Eduard Nápravník) !|Premiere cast, Moscow<br />16 May (4 May O.S.) 1874<br />(Conductor: Eduard Merten<ref>Eduard Merten became 2nd conductor at the Bolshoi Theatre shortly before 1870. He was "a talented pianist and composed romances, but was completely inexperienced as a conductor" (Kashkin, ''Erinerrungen'', 64, 66) [https://books.google.com/books?id=6-hXsTRgw7IC&pg=PA179 Edward H. Tarr, ''East Meets West; The Russian Trumpet Tradition from the Time of Peter the Great'']</ref>) |- |Prince Zhemchuzhnïy |bass |Vladimir Vasilyev |Demidov |- |Natalya, ''his daughter'' |soprano |Wilhelmina Raab |Smelskaya |- |Molchan Mitkov, ''the bridegroom of Natalya'' |bass |V. F. Sobolev | |- |Boyarïnya Morozova, ''the widow'' |mezzo-soprano |Aleksandra Krutikova |Kadmina |- |Andrey Morozov, ''her son'' |tenor |D. A. Orlov |Aleksandr Dodonov |- |Basmanov, ''a young oprichnik'' |contralto |V. M. Vasilyev |Aristova |- |Prince Vyazminsky |baritone |Ivan Melnikov |Radonezhsky |- |Zakharyevna |soprano |Olga Shreder (Schröder) | |- |colspan="4"|Chorus, silent roles: ''People'' |- |}

==Instrumentation== Source: [http://en.tchaikovsky-research.net/pages/The_Oprichnik Tchaikovsky Research] *''Strings'': Violins I, Violins II, Violas, Cellos, and Double Basses *''Woodwinds'': Piccolo, 2 Flutes, 2 Oboes, 2 Clarinets (in B-flat, and A), 2 bassoons *''Brass'': 4 Horns (in F), 2 Trumpets (in D, F, and C), 3 Trombones, Tuba *''Percussion'': Timpani, Triangle, Cymbals, Bass Drum *''Other'': Harp

==Synopsis==

:Introduction.

===Act 1=== :No. 1 — Scena :No. 2 — Chorus of Maidens :No. 2a – Natalya's Song :No. 3 — Scena & Chorus :No. 4 — Scena & Chorus :No. 5 — Recitatives :No. 5a – Basmanov's Arioso :No. 6 — Natalya's Arioso :No. 6a – Chorus of Maidens

===Act 2=== Entr'acte :No. 7 — Scena & Morozova's Aria :No. 8 — Scena & Duet :No. 9 — Prelude, Scena & Finale :No. 9a – Prince Vyazminsky's Aria :No. 9b – Andrey's Aria

===Act 3=== Entr'acte :No. 10 - Chorus of People :No. 11 - Recitatives, Chorus of Boys & Duet :No. 12 - Scena :No. 12a - Natalya's Arioso :No. 13 - Finale

===Act 4=== :No. 14 - Wedding Chorus :No. 15 - Dances of Oprichniks & Women :No. 16 - Recitatives, Chorus & Duet :No. 17 - Chorus & Scena :No. 18 - Scena & Quartet :No. 19 - Closing Scena

''Note'': The entr'acte to Act II may have been written and scored by Vladimir Shilovsky.[http://en.tchaikovsky-research.net/pages/The_Oprichnik]

==Derived works== '''Arrangements by the composer'''

*Numbers from the opera for voices with piano accompaniment (1873) *Funeral March on Themes from the Opera ''The Oprichnik'' (1877, lost)

==Recordings== *1948, Alexei Korolyov (Prince Zhemchuzny), Natalya Rozhdestvenskaya (Natalya), Vsevolod Tyutyunnik (Molchan Mitkov), Lyudmila Legostayeva (Boyarina Morozova), Dmitri Tarkhov (Andrei Morozov), Zara Dolukhanova (Basmanov), Konstantin Polyaev (Prince Vyazminsky), Antonina Kleschtschova (Zakharyevna). Moscow Radio Choir and Orchestra, Aleksander Orlov (conductor). Melodiya, reissued Pristine Classics *1980, Evgeny Vladimirov (Prince Zhemchuzny), Tamara Milashkina (Natalya), Vladimir Matorin (Molchan Mitkov), Larisa Nikitina (Boyarina Morozova), Lev Kuznetsov (Andrei Morozov), Raisa Kotova (Basmanov), Oleg Klyonov (Prince Vyazminsky), Nina Derbina (Zakharyevna). Chorus and Orchestra of the Central Television and Radio of the USSR, Gennady Provatorov (conductor). Aquarius. *2003, Vassily Savenko (Prince Zhemchuzhny), Elena Lassoskaya (Natalya), Dmitri Ulyanov (Molchan Mitkov), Irina Dolzhenko (Boyarina Morozova), Vsevolod Grivnov (Andrei Morozov), Alexandra Durseneva (Basmanov), Vladimir Ognovienko (Prince Vyazminsky), Cinzia de Mola (Zakharyevna). Orchestra e Coro del Teatro Lirico di Cagliari, Gennady Rozhdestvensky (conductor). Dynamic, reissued Brilliant.

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== * {{IMSLP2|work=The Oprichnik (Tchaikovsky, Pyotr Ilyich)|cname=Опричник}} * [http://en.tchaikovsky-research.net/pages/The_Oprichnik Tchaikovsky Research]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Oprichnik (opera), The}} Category:Operas by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky Category:Russian-language operas Category:Operas Category:1874 operas Category:Operas based on plays Category:Operas set in Russia