{{Short description|Genus of brachiopods}} {{Automatic_taxobox | fossil_range = {{fossilrange|385|0|Late Devonian - Recent}} | image = Terebratula maugerii Boni, 1933.JPG | image_caption = ''Terebratula maugerii'' from the Upper Miocene of Cordoba, Spain. | taxon = Terebratula | authority = Müller, 1776 | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = {{specieslist |T. terebratula|(Linné, 1758) (type) = ''Anomia terebratula'' }} }} '''''Terebratula''''' is a modern genus of brachiopods with a fossil record dating back to the Late Devonian. These brachiopods are stationary epifaunal suspension feeders and have a worldwide distribution.
== Description == ''Terebratula'' species have biconvex egg-shaped shells, anterior margins of the valves have two small folds, concentric growth lines are quite thin or nearly absent. The larger valve has a ventral umbo with the opening through which they extend a short peduncle.<ref>{{cite book|first1= Paul D.|last1= Taylor|first2= David N.|last2= Lewis|year= 2007|title= Fossil Invertebrates|publisher= Harvard University Press|pages= 208|isbn= 978-0674025745}}</ref>
== Selected species == {| border="0" cellpadding="05" | * ''Terebratula anatina'' * ''Terebratula bieschidensis'' * ''Terebratula bisuffarcinata'' * ''Terebratula bussoni'' * ''Terebratula crassa'' * ''Terebratula decipiens'' * ''Terebratula djeffarae'' * ''Terebratula flemingii'' * ''Terebratula gaudryi'' * ''Terebratula gortanii'' * ''Terebratula grandis'' * ''Terebratula haidingeri'' * ''Terebratula ichnusae'' * ''Terebratula immanis'' * ''Terebratula intervallata'' * ''Terebratula jauberti'' * ''Terebratula lamberti'' | * ''Terebratula margaritowi'' * ''Terebratula matmatensis'' * ''Terebratula mazetieri'' * ''Terebratula oroseina'' * ''Terebratula oxoniensis'' * ''Terebratula praelustris'' * ''Terebratula raxana'' * ''Terebratula retusa''<!---probably renamed to Terebratulina---> * ''Terebratula salvatoris'' * ''Terebratula semifarcinata'' * ''Terebratula semisella'' * ''Terebratula stantoni'' * ''Terebratula sturi'' * ''Terebratula sufflata'' * ''Terebratula terebratula'' * ''Terebratula toucasi'' * ''Terebratula woehrmanniana'' |}
=== Reassigned species === As ''Terebratula'' has been erected early on in paleontology, many species have since been reassigned to other genera.<ref name='Treatise'>{{cite book|last= Moore|first= R.C.|year= 1965|title= Brachiopoda|publisher= Geological Society of America/University of Kansas Press|series= Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology|volume= Part H., Volume 1 and 2|pages= H21, H32, H43-46, H100, H206, H208, H210, H820, H831|location= Boulder, Colorado/Lawrence, Kansas|isbn= 0-8137-3015-5}}</ref><!---This is the source for the reassignments (type species, and a few others) below, unless a specific citation is given---> {| border="0" cellpadding="05" | * ''T. aculeata'' = ''Platidia anomioides''<ref name="Emig">{{cite journal|first= Christian C.|last= Emig|year= 2012|title= Révision des espèces de brachiopodes décrites par A. Risso [Revision of the brachiopod species described by A. Risso]|journal= Carnets de Géologie|issue= Article 2012/02 (CG2012_A02) 15|url= http://paleopolis.rediris.es/cg/CG2012_A02/CG2012_A02.pdf|doi= 10.4267/2042/45933|doi-access= free|archive-date= 2016-03-04|access-date= 2014-03-19|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023426/http://paleopolis.rediris.es/cg/CG2012_A02/CG2012_A02.pdf|url-status= dead}}</ref> * ''T. acuminata'' = ''Pugnax acuminata'' * ''T. acuta'' <small>Quenstedt, 1869</small> = ''Musculina biennensis'' * ''T. acuta'' <small>Sowerby, 1816</small> = ''Homoeorhynchia acuta'' * ''T. acutiplicata'' = ''Kutchithyris acutiplicata'' * ''T. antinomia'' = ''Pygope deltoidea'' * ''T. antisiensis'' = ''Clarckeia antisiensis'' * ''T. archiaci'' = ''Meganteris archiaci'' * ''T. ascendens'' = ''Septalaria ascendens'' * ''T. aualites'' = ''Loboidothyris aualites'' * ''T. australis'' = ''Magellania australis'' * ''T. bentleyi'' = ''Tegulithyris bentleyi'' * ''T. bifida'' = ''Linguithyris bifida'' * ''T. bivallata'' = ''Antiptychina bivallata'' * ''T. brachyptycta'' = ''Isopoma brachyptycta'' * ''T. bullata'' = ''Rugitela bullata'' * ''T. californiana'' = ''Laqueus californianus'' * ''T. capsula'' = ''Gwynia capsula'' * ''T. cardita'' = ''Megathiris detruncata''<ref name="Emig"/> * ''T. chilensis'' = ''Terebratella dorsata'' * ''T. cimex'' = ''Cimicinella cimex'' * ''T. concentrica'' = ''Athyris concentrica'' * ''T. cordata'' = ''Joania cordata''<ref name="Emig"/> * ''T. cornuta'' = ''Zeilleria cornuta'' * ''T. costata '' = ''Rhynchora costata'' * ''T. cranium'' = ''Macandrevia cranium'' * ''T. crispa'' = ''Howellella crispa'' * ''T. cuneata'' <small>Dalman, 1828</small> = ''Rhynchotreta cuneata'' * ''T. cuneata'' <small>Risso, 1826</small> = ''Argyrotheca cuneata''<ref name="Emig"/> * ''T. curvifrons'' = ''Pseudoglossothyris leckhamptonensis'' * ''T. cymbaeformis'' = ''Gilledia cymbaeformis'' * ''T. daleidensis'' = ''Oligoptycherhynchus daleidensis''<ref>{{cite journal|last= Sartenaer|first= P.|year= 2010|title=Re-examination of the Late Emsian rhynchonellid (brachiopod) Terebratula Daleidensis Roemer, 1844 from the Eifel area, and some related species|journal= Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre|volume= 80|pages= 47–84|issn= 0374-6291|url= http://www.naturalsciences.be/pdf/bulletin/earth_sciences/2010/Sartenaer,%20Bulletin%2080.pdf}}</ref> * ''T. debuchii'' = ''Streptaria debuchii'' * ''T. deltoidea'' = ''Pygope deltoidea'' * ''T. depressa'' = ''Rectithyris depressa'' * ''T. depressa var. cyrta'' = ''Cyrtothyris cyrta'' * ''T. dilatata'' = ''Antinomia dilatata'' * ''T. diphimorpha'' = ''Moraviaturia diphimorpha'' * ''T. diphya'' = ''Pygope diphya''<ref name="Emig"/> * ''T. diphyoides'' = ''Pygites diphyoides'' * ''T. duboisi'' = ''Zygospiraella duboisi'' * ''T. dutempleana'' = ''Moutonithyris dutempliana'' * ''T. emarginata'' = ''Terebratulina retusa''<ref name="Emig"/> * ''T. eucharis'' = ''Eucharitina eucharis'' * ''T. eugenii'' = ''Epicyrta eugenii'' * ''T. euides'' = ''Euidothyris extensa'' * ''T. extensa'' = ''Rhombothyris extensa'' * ''T. fabulites'' = ''Camarospira eucharis'' * ''T. fimbri'' = ''Plectothyris fimbri'' * ''T. fittoni'' = ''Neoliothyrina fittoni''<ref>{{cite journal|first= Ulla|last= Asgaard|year= 1972|title= Observations on Neoliothyrina fittoni - a rare Maastrichtian terebratulid from NW Europe|journal= Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark|volume= 21|pages= 337–345|url= http://2dgf.dk/xpdf/bull21-04-337-345.pdf}} </ref> * ''T. flabellum'' = ''Flabellothyris flabellum'' * ''T. flavescens'' = ''Magellania australis'' * ''T. flexuosa'' = ''Anomactinella flexuosa'' * ''T. fornicata'' = ''Ladogofornix fornicate'' * ''T. geinitziana'' = ''Rhynchopora geinitziana'' * ''T. gisii'' = ''Gisilina gisii'' * ''T. globata var. tumida'' = ''Stiphrothyris tumida'' * ''T. gravida'' = ''Goniothyris dorsetensis'' * ''T. grayi'' <small>Davidson, 1848</small> = ''Streptis grayi'' * ''T. grayi'' <small>Davidson, 1852</small> = ''Coptothyris grayi'' * ''T. gregaria'' = ''Rhaetina gregaria'' * ''T. gregariaeformis'' = ''Triadithyris gregariaeformis'' * ''T. gualteri'' = ''Aetheia gualteri'' * ''T. guerangeri'' = ''Fimbiothyris guerangeri'' * ''T. hagar'' = ''Propygope hagar'' * ''T. harlani'' = ''Oleneothyris harlani'' * ''T. hebe'' = ''Hebethoechia hebe'' * ''T. hemisphaeroidica'' = ''Amphitornella hemisphaeroidica'' * ''T. henrici'' = ''Glossinulus henrici'' * ''T. herculea'' = ''Meristina herculean'' * ''T. heyseana'' = ''Orthotoma spinati'' * ''T. Iineata'' = ''Martinothyris Iineata'' * ''T. imbricata'' = ''Plectatrypa imbricata'' * ''T. inconspicua'' = ''Waltonia valenciennesi'' * ''T. indistincta'' = ''Dioristella indistincta'' * ''T. intermedia'' = ''Cererithyris intermedia'' * ''T. kielcensis'' = ''Dzieduszyckia kielcensis'' * ''T. laeviuscula'' = ''Glassina laeviuscula'' * ''T. lata'' = ''Cyclothyris latissima'' * ''T. latilinguis'' = ''Gruenewaldtia latilinguis'' * ''T. latissima'' = ''Cyclothyris latissima'' * ''T. latona'' = ''Latonotoechia latona'' * ''T. lenticularis'' = ''Neothyris lenticularis'' | * ''T. lepida'' = ''Bifida lepida'' * ''T. lima'' = ''Kingena lima'' * ''T. lineata'' = ''Eospirifer radiatus'' * ''T. marginalis'' = ''Spirigerina marginalis'' * ''T. mayeri'' = ''Heimia mayeri'' * ''T. michalkowii'' = ''Rouillieria michalkowii'' * ''T. microrhyncha'' = ''Pseudocarnarophoria microrhyncha'' * ''T. monas'' = ''Monadotoechia monas'' * ''T. monstruosa'' = ''Pantellaria monstruosa'' * ''T. morierei'' = ''Cheniothyris morierei'' * ''T. moutoniana'' = ''Platythyris comptonensis'' * ''T. mucronata'' = ''Triathyris mucronata'' * ''T. multicarinata'' = ''Peregrinella peregrina'' * ''T. multiformis'' = ''Lamellaerhynchia rostriformis'' * ''T. navicula'' = ''Dayia navicula'' * ''T. nerviensis'' = ''Rectithyris depressa'' * ''T. nigricans'' = ''Notosaria nigricans'' * ''T. obesa'' <small>Davidson, 1852</small> = ''Neoliothyrina obesa'' * ''T. obesa'' <small>Sowerby, 1823</small> = ''Concinnithyris obesa'' * ''T. orbignyana'' = ''Nucinulus orbignyana''<ref>{{cite journal|first= Paul|last= Sartenaer|year=2005|title= Restatement of Terebratula orbignyana De Vernieuil, 1850, on the basis of the original collection|journal= Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre|volume= 74-supplement|pages= 81–88|url= http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/255147.pdf}}</ref> * ''T. orbis'' = ''Zittelina orbis'' * ''T. ornithocephala'' = ''Ornithella ornithocephala'' * ''T. ovoides'' = ''Rensselaeria elongata'' * ''T. oxoptychia'' = ''Mosquella oxoptychia'' * ''T. pachyderma'' = ''Camerophorina pachyderma'' * ''T. pectita'' = ''Derita pectita'' * ''T. peregrina'' = ''Peregrinella peregrina'' * ''T. philomela'' = ''Cryptatrypa Philomela'' * ''T. phoenix'' = ''Phoenicitoechia phoenix'' * ''T. pisolithica'' = ''Stroudithyris pisolithica'' * ''T. plicata'' = ''Choristothyris plicata'' * ''T. plicatella'' = ''Sphenorhynchia plicatella'' * ''T. plicatilis'' = ''Cretirhynchia plicatilis'' * ''T. polyplecta'' = ''Plectoidothyris polyplecta'' * ''T. praegnans'' = ''Praegnantenia praegnans'' * ''T. praelonga'' = ''Praelongithyris praelonga'' * ''T. prisca flabellata'' = ''Minatrypa flabellate'' * ''T. quadrata'' = ''Terebratulina retusa''<ref name="Emig"/> * ''T. quinquecostata'' = ''Pentactinella quinquecostata'' * ''T. ramsaueri'' = ''Camerothyris ramsaueri'' * ''T. rectirostra '' = ''Cryptonella rectirostra'' * ''T. renierii var. sinuosa'' = ''Hesperithyris sinuosa'' * ''T. resupinata'' = ''Aulacothyris resupinata'' * ''T. rhaetica'' = ''Zugmayeria rhaetica'' * ''T. romingeri'' = ''Cranaena romingeri'' * ''T. rostriformis'' = ''Lamellaerhynchia rostriformis'' * ''T. sakhalinensis'' = ''Cnismatocentrum sakhalinensis'' * ''T. sanguina'' = ''Magasella evansii'' * ''T. scalpellum'' = ''Scalpellirhynchia scalpellum'' * ''T. scalprum'' = ''Dicamara plebeia'' * ''T. schlotheimi'' = ''Stenoscisma schlotheimi'' * ''T. schnuri'' = ''Schnurella schnuri'' * ''T. sella'' = ''Sellithyris sella'' * ''T. semiglobularis'' = ''Meonia semiglobularis'' * ''T. septigera'' = ''Dallina septigera'' * ''T. soldaniana'' = ''Argyrotheca cuneata''<ref name="Emig"/> * ''T. stephani'' = ''Ptyctothyris stephani'' * ''T. strigiceps'' = ''Rhenorensselaeria strigiceps'' * ''T. strogonofi'' = ''Uralella strogonofi'' * ''T. subvesicularis'' = ''Notothyris subvesicularis'' * ''T. sulcifera'' = ''Ornatothyris sulcifera'' * ''T. tarda'' = ''Lanceomyonia tarda'' * ''T. tetraëdra'' = ''Tetrarhynchia tetrahedra'' * ''T. tetrahedra'' = ''Tetrarhynchia tetrahedra'' * ''T. tetratoma'' = ''Tetratomia tetratoma'' * ''T. thetis'' = ''Dubaria thetis'' * ''T. torenoi'' = ''Pradoia torenoi'' * ''T. transversa'' = ''Terebratalia transversa'' * ''T. triplicata squarniplex'' = ''Squamirhynchia squarniplex'' * ''T. truncata'' <small>Sowerby, 1826</small> = ''Gemmarcula aurea'' * ''T. truncata'' <small>Linné, 1767</small> = ''Megerlia truncata''<ref name="Emig"/> * ''T. uptoni'' = ''Charltonithyris uptoni'' * ''T. urna antiqua'' = ''Megathiris detruncata'' * ''T. uva'' = ''Liothyrella uva'' * ''T. velox'' = ''Amissopecten velox'' * ''T. venusta'' = ''Anoplotheca venusta'' * ''T. verneuili'' = ''Pleisiothyris verneuili'' * ''T. virtrea'' = ''Gryphus vitreus''<ref name="Emig"/> * ''T. wissmanni'' = ''Diplospirella wissmanni'' * ''T. wrighti '' = ''Tubithyris wrighti'' * ''T. wyvillei '' = ''Abyssothyris wyvillei'' |}
== Gallery == <gallery widths=180px>File:Terebrantula ampulla.2 - Plioceno.JPG|''Terebrantula ampulla'' fossil from Pliocene founded in Almería File:Terebratula.jpg|''Terebratula longirostris'' fossil at the Geological Museum, Copenhagen File:Terebratulidae - Terebratula.JPG|''Terebratula'' sp. from the Triassic of Bolzano, Italy </gallery>
== References == {{Portal|Paleontology}} {{Reflist|30em}} <!-- this one is a bit random: * ''Fossils'' (Smithsonian Handbooks) by David Ward (Page 93) -->
==External links== *[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=30583 ''Terebratula''] in the Paleobiology Database *[http://www.preservearticles.com/2011090212627/short-notes-on-shell-spirifer-rhynchonella-and-terebratula.html Short notes on Terebratula] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402155428/http://www.preservearticles.com/2011090212627/short-notes-on-shell-spirifer-rhynchonella-and-terebratula.html |date=2015-04-02 }} *J. Morris [https://archive.org/details/cbarchive_131786_onthesubdivisionofthegenustere1845 On the Subdivision of the Genus Terebratula]
{{Taxonbar|from=Q3079202}}
Category:Terebratulida Category:Prehistoric brachiopod genera Category:Devonian brachiopods Category:Carboniferous brachiopods Category:Permian brachiopods Category:Mesozoic brachiopods Category:Cenozoic brachiopods Category:Prehistoric animals of Africa Category:Extinct animals of Antarctica Category:Prehistoric animals of Asia Category:Prehistoric invertebrates of Oceania Category:Prehistoric animals of Europe Category:Prehistoric brachiopods of North America Category:Mesozoic animals of South America Category:Cretaceous Colombia Category:Fossils of Colombia Category:Extant Late Devonian first appearances