Pygope

{{Short description|Extinct genus of brachiopods}} {{Italic title}} {{Automatic_taxobox | fossil_range = {{fossil range|Kimmeridgian|Barremian}} | image = Pygope fósil.jpg | image_caption = Fossil specimen of ''Pygope'' sp. from Spain, Guadalajara | taxon = Pygope | authority = Link, 1830 | synonyms = ''Antinomia'' | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = {{Species list |P. dilatata|Catullo, 1851 ("type) = ''Terebratula dilatata'' |P. catulloi|(Pictet, 1867) |P. diphya|Buch, 1838 = ''Terebratula diphya'', ''T. antinomia'', ''T. deltoidea'', ''T. diphoros'', ''T. triquetra'', ''Antinomia angulata'', ''A. diphora'' |P. diphyoides|(D'Orbigny, 1847) = ''Terebratula diphyoides'', ''Antinomia diphya'', ''A. deltoidea'', ''Pygites diphyoides'' |P. erbaensis|(Suess, 1852) = ''Terebratula erbaensis'', ''T. lampas'', ''T. incisiva'' |P. euganeensis|(Pictet, 1867) = ''Terebratula euganeensis'' |P. janitor|(Pictet, 1867) = ''Terebratula janitor'', ''T. duvallue'', ''P. duvali'' |P. rectangularis|(Pictet, 1867) = ''Terebratula rectangularis'', |P. triangulus|(Lamarck, 1819) = ''Terebratula triangulus'', ''P. mutica'', ''T. pileus'', ''Antinomia pileus'' }} }}

'''''Pygope''''' is an extinct genus of brachiopods belonging to the family Pygopidae. These brachiopods lived in open sea from the Jurassic Period, Kimmeridgian age (152.1–157.3 mya) up to Cretaceous Period, Barremian age (125.0–~129.4 mya). Some of the species are characterised by a smaller or larger perforation through the entire shell in older specimens, while others just have a depression somewhere on the midline. Younger specimens of the perforated species develop a heart-shape and subsequently both extensions merge, thus encircling a central passage which is in fact entirely outside the shell.<ref>{{cite journal|first= Pierre|last= Jarre|year= 1962|title= Révision du Genre Pygope|journal= Géologie Alpine|volume= 38|pages= 23–120|url= http://geologie-alpine.ujf-grenoble.fr/articles/GA_1962__38__23_0.pdf}}</ref>

== Distribution == * ''P. catulloi'' occurs in Upper Jurassic (Tithonian) to Lower Cretaceous (Valanginian) of Austria, Bulgaria, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Romania and Switzerland.<ref>{{cite journal|first= Alexander|last= Lukeneder|year= 2002|title= Shell accumulation of the brachiopod Pygope catulloi PICTET, 1867 (Lower Valanginian; Northern Calcareous Alps, Upper Austria): Palaeoecological implications|journal= Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien|volume= 103A|pages= 143–159|url= http://www.nhm-wien.ac.at/jart/prj3/nhm/data/uploads/mitarbeiter_dokumente/lukeneder/2002/Lukeneder_2002_Pygope.pdf}}</ref> * ''P. diphya'' has been found in the Lower Cretaceous of Poland (Early Berriasian, Rogoza Klippes, Rogoznik, 49.5° N, 19.9° E,<ref name='Barczyk'>{{cite journal|first= W.|last= Barczyk|year= 1991|title= Succession of the Tithonian to Berriasian brachiopod faunas at Rogoznik, Pieniny Klippen Belt|journal= Acta Geologica Polonica|volume= 41|issue= 1–2|pages= 101–107}} ''cited in'' {{cite web|author= Wolfgang Kiesling|title= Rogoza Klippes at Rogoznik|website= Fossilworks|url= http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=collectionSearch&taxon_no=30488&max_interval=Cretaceous&country=Poland&is_real_user=1&basic=yes&type=view&match_subgenera=1}}</ref> ''Euxinus'' Zone-''Occitanica'' Zone, Sobotka and Korowa Member, Dursztyn Formation, Cisowa Skala, Bursukowa Skala, Lysa Skala, and Czorsztyn-Sobotka, 49.0° N, 20.0° E),<ref name='Cisowa Skala'>{{cite journal|first= M.|last= Krobicki|year= 1994|title= Stratigraphic significance and palaeoecology of the Tithonian-Berriassian brachiopods in the Pieniny Klippen Belt, Carpathians, Poland|journal= Studia Geologica Polonica|volume= 106|pages= 89–156}} cited in {{cite web|author= Adam Tomasovych|title= Cisowa Skala|website= Fossilworks|url= https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=29121}}</ref> Slovakia (Berriasian, Rogoznik Member, Durstyn Formation), Kyjov, Puste Pole, 49.0° N, 20.0° E).<ref>{{cite book|first= A.|last= Tomasovych|year= 2006|title= Differential effects of environmental factors on ecology of brachiopods and bivalves during the Late Triassic and Jurassic|pages= 430}} ''cited in'' {{cite web|author= Adam Tomasovych|title= Kyjov - Puste Pole - bed 34.21|website= Fossilworks|url= http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=collectionSearch&taxon_no=30488&max_interval=Cretaceous&country=Slovakia&is_real_user=1&basic=yes&type=view&match_subgenera=1}}</ref> * ''P. janitor'' is present in the Upper Jurassic of Bulgaria (Kimmeridgian, ''Lacunosella sparcicosta'' zone, Nechinska Bara, Gorno Belotintsi, 43.5° N, 22.9° E),<ref>{{cite book|first= P.|last= Tchoumatchenco|year= 1996|chapter= Zonation and paleoecological distribution of Bulgarian Jurassic brachiopods|editor1= P. Copper|editor2= J. Jin |title=Brachiopods|pages= 269–274}} ''cited in'' {{cite web|author= Uta Merkel|title= Nechinska Bara, Gorno Belotintsi|website= Fossilworks|url= http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=collectionSearch&taxon_no=30488&max_interval=Jurassic&country=Bulgaria&is_real_user=1&basic=yes&type=view&match_subgenera=1}}</ref> Hungary (Lower Tithonian, Szel-hegy, Gerecse Mts, 47.0° N, 18.0° E),<ref>{{cite journal|first1= I.|last1= Fozy|first2= M.|last2= Kazmer|first3= I.|last3= Szente|year= 1994|title= A unique Lower Tithonian fauna in the Gerecse Mts, Hungary|journal= Palaeopelagos Special Publication|volume= 1|pages= 155–165}} ''cited in'' {{cite web|author= Danica Hempfling|title= Szel-hegy|website= fossilworks|url= http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=collectionSearch&taxon_no=30488&max_interval=Jurassic&country=Hungary&is_real_user=1&basic=yes&type=view&match_subgenera=1}}</ref> Poland (Early through to Late Titonian, Rogoza Klippes, Rogoznik, 49.5° N, 19.9° E),<ref name='Barczyk'/> the Lower Cretaceous of Greenland (North Mols Bjerge, Traill Island, and Brorson Halvo, Wollaston Forland, both Lower Valanginian, Albrechts Bugt Member, Palnatokes Bjerg Formation east Greenland)<ref>{{cite journal|first1= P.|last1= Alsen|first2= P.F.|last2= Rawson|year= 2005|title= The Early Valanginian (Early Cretaceous) ammonite Delphinites (Pseudogarnieria) from North-East Greenland|journal= Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark|volume= 52|issue= 2|pages= 201–212|doi= 10.37570/bgsd-2005-52-15|doi-access= free}} ''cited in'' {{cite web|author= Ute Merkel|title= N Mols Bjerge, Traill Island, Palnatokes Bjerg Formation, E Greenland|website= Fossilworks|url= https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=62562}}</ref> and Poland (Berriasian, ''Euxinus'' Zone-''Occitanica'' Zone, Sobotka and Korowa Member, Dursztyn Formation, Cisowa Skala, Lysa Skala, Bursukowa Skala, Czorsztyn-Sobotka and 49.0° N, 20.0° E).<ref name='Cisowa Skala'/>

== References == {{Reflist}}

== External links == *[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=30488 Paleobiology Database] *[http://strata.geology.wisc.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=384&rank=phylum Sepkoski's Online Genus Database]

Category:Prehistoric brachiopod genera Category:Kimmeridgian first appearances Category:Early Cretaceous genus extinctions Category:Terebratulida