Tarija

{{For|the Bolivian department|Tarija Department}} {{Multiple issues| {{original research|date=January 2016}} {{more citations needed|date=January 2018}} }}

{{Infobox settlement  | settlement_type = City & Municipality | name = Tarija | official_name = | other_name = | native_name = | nickname = | motto =  | image_skyline = {{multiple image |border = infobox |total_width = 300 |perrow = 1/2/2/1 |caption_align = center |image1 = La Ciudad de Tarija, Bolivia.jpg |caption1 = Aerial view of Tarija |image2 = Catedral de San Bernardo (Catedral Metropolitana).jpg |caption2 = Metropolitan Cathedral of Tarija |image3 = Museo Nacional Paleontológico Arqueológico de Tarija.jpg |caption3 = National Museum of Tarija |image4 = Plaza in Tarija.jpg |caption4 = Luis de Fuentes y Vargas Main Square |image5 = Viñedos de Bolivia (cropped).jpg |caption5 = Vineyards in the Tarija Valley }} | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_seal = | seal_size = | image_shield = EscudoTarija.gif | shield_size = 125px | image_blank_emblem = Flag of Tarija.svg | blank_emblem_type = Flag | image_map = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Bolivia#South America | pushpin_relief = 1 | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Bolivia | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = 25px Bolivia | subdivision_type1 = Department | subdivision_name1 = Tarija | subdivision_type2 = Province | subdivision_name2 = Cercado | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Johnny Marcell Torres Terzo | leader_title1 =  | leader_name1 = | established_title = Founded | established_date = July 4, 1574 | established_title2 =  | established_date2 = | established_title3 =  | established_date3 =  | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 =  | area_land_km2 =  | area_water_km2 = | area_total_sq_mi = | area_land_sq_mi = | area_water_sq_mi = | area_water_percent = | area_urban_sq_mi = | area_metro_sq_mi = | area_blank1_sq_mi =  | population_as_of = 2012 Census | population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=1&men=gcis&lng=en&des=gamelan&geo=-38&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500&pt=c&va=&srt=pnao|title=World Gazetteer|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130111125234/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=1&men=gcis&lng=en&des=gamelan&geo=-38&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500&pt=c&va=&srt=pnao|archive-date=11 January 2013}}</ref> | population_note = | population_density_km2 = | population_density_sq_mi = | population_density_metro_km2 = | population_density_metro_sq_mi = | population_urban = 268,000 | population_metro = 330,000 | population_density_urban_km2 = | population_density_urban_sq_mi = | population_blank1_title = Ethnicities | population_blank1 =  | timezone = BOT | utc_offset = -4 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|21|32|S|64|44|W|region:BO|display=inline}} | elevation_footnotes =  | elevation_m = 1854 | elevation_ft =  | postal_code_type =  | postal_code = | area_code = 4 | website = {{Official website|http://www.tarija.bo}} | footnotes = }} '''Tarija''' or '''San Bernardo de la Frontera de Tarixa''' is a city in southern Bolivia. Founded in 1574, Tarija is the largest city and capital and municipality within the Tarija Department, with an airport offering regular service to primary Bolivian cities, like Bolivia capital La Paz, as well as a regional bus terminal with domestic and international connections.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-04 |title=Flights from Tarija (TJA) |url=https://www.flightconnections.com/flights-from-tarija-tja |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=www.flightconnections.com |language=en}}</ref> Its climate is semi-arid (BSh) with generally mild temperatures in contrast to the harsh cold of the Altiplano (e.g., La Paz) and the year-round humid heat of the Amazon Basin (e.g., Santa Cruz de la Sierra). Tarija has a population of 234,442 as of 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=World Gazetteer|url=http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=1&men=gcis&lng=en&des=gamelan&geo=-38&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500&pt=c&va=&srt=pnao|access-date=17 July 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130111125234/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=1&men=gcis&lng=en&des=gamelan&geo=-38&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500&pt=c&va=&srt=pnao|archive-date=11 January 2013}}</ref>

The cities lies in a depression in the eastern Andes known as the Central Valley of Tarija.

== Toponymy and etymology== The name of ''Tarija'' is said{{By whom|date=July 2025}} to come from Francisco de Tarija or Tarifa. This group did not include anyone by the name of Francisco de Tarija. Similar-sounding toponyms exist for surrounding places, such as Tariquia and Taxara.

== History == ===Pre-Inca era=== Traditional history holds that the Tomatas were the indigenous population of the valley of Tarija prior to Spanish conquest, but some documents suggest that early Spanish conquereors encountered Tomatas in the Cinti region of Bolivia, in particular around San Juan del Oro River, and brought them to Tarija.<ref name=Barra>{{Cite journal |title=Los churumatas del valle de Elqui, en Chile y los indios Tomatas "Copiapóes" de Tarija |journal=Revista Científica de Humanidades |last=Barragán V. |first=Mario E. |url= |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=1-14 |language=es|year=2020}}</ref>

The prior to Inca rule the valley of Tarija was mainly inhabited by Churumatas and Moyos Moyos.<ref name=barcon/>

===Inca period=== The Inca Empire – administered by the Quechua civilization – conquered the land and dispersed the Churumatas and other local groups over wide territories of the Andes. Mitimaes is the Quechuan name that the Incas used for the resisting ethnic groups they uprooted and then dispersed geographically. The Tomatas are thought to have been brought to San Juan del Oro River in the vicinities of Tarija from Norte Chico, Chile.<ref name=Elpais>{{cite news |last=Patiño |first=Roberto |date=January 20, 2019 |title=Churumatas y tomatas, la conexión chilena en Tarija |url=https://elpais.bo/churumatas-y-tomatas-la-conexion-chilena-en-tarija/ |work=El País |language=es |access-date=January 20, 2020}}</ref> The Tomatas appear to have given place names from their old lands to their new area of settlement thus explaining the existence of "Chilean" place names such as Loa, Calama, and Erqui (Elqui) in Bolivia.<ref name=Elpais/>

In contrast, the native Churumatas were dispersed into what is today Chile and Argentina as mitmas to garrison Inca fortresses during Topa Inca Yupanqui's conquest of Collasuyu in the 1470s.<ref name=Barra/>

When the Spanish first arrived to the valley of Tarija they encountered several stone roads, most likely the remnants of pre-Incaic cultures, such as that of the Churumatas. However, during that period, the presence of indigenous peoples remained sparse within the valley. Several of the pre-Incaic roads and trails have been preserved, and currently function as a walking trail for Tarijeños.{{citation needed|date=January 2018}}

===Spanish arrival=== The first Spanish expedition to reach Tarija was that of Pedro de Candia who came with 200 men and stayed in the area from September 1539 to February 1540.<ref name=barcon>Barragán, Mario E. (2016). ''La conquista Inca de Tarija''</ref> Other expeditions arrived to the valley of Tarija in 1540 and 1548 and first permanent Spanish settlement was finally established in the 1570s as the city of Tarija.<ref name=barcon/> Soon after the Spanish contacts in the late 1530s and 1540s the "Suares" tribe in Tarija Valley fled to Paiquito which appear to have been their homeland. Historical records mention they fled the "Chiriguanae", but an alternative interpretation is that this was a mere excuse to flee an area that was being settled by the Spanish and that they preferred to endure Spanish rule in their homeland than in Tarija.<ref name=barcon/> Therefore before the establishment of the Spanish city of Tarija the area was largely depopulated.<ref name=barcon/> To resettle the area in 1574 conquistador Luis de Fuentes brought Tomatas from San Juan del Oro River to the area of Tarija.<ref name=Elpais/>

For long time a frontier existed east of Tarija in southeastern Bolivia.<ref name=guillermina>{{Cite journal |title=Chiriguanos: la construcción de un estereotipo en la política colonizadora del sur andino |journal=Memoria Americana |last=Oliveto |first=Guillermina |url=https://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?pid=S1851-37512010000100002&script=sci_arttext&tlng=pt |volume=18 |issue=2 |year=2010 |trans-title=Chiriguanos: southern andes colonizing policy and the construction of a stereotype |language=es}}</ref><ref name=aguayaceite>{{Cite journal |title=Como agua y aceite. Las alianzas guerreras entre tobas y chiriguanos en el siglo XIX |journal=Indiana |last=Combès |first=Isabelle|year=2014 |volume=31 |pages=321–349 |language=es}}</ref> Starting in the late 16th century the Spanish saw the tribes inhabiting the eastern jungles, and the "Chiriguanos" in particular, as a threat.<ref name=guillermina/>

In colonial times Franciscans planted the first vines in Tarija.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Meghji |first1=Shafik |title=The Rough Guide to Bolivia |last2=Keeling |first2=Stephen |publisher=Rough Guides Limited |isbn=9780241199848 |pages=187 |language=en}}</ref>

===Bolivian era=== In 1826 the citizens of Tarija voted to become part of Bolivia. In 1807, Tarija had become separated from Upper Peru to become part of the jurisdiction of Salta (part of Argentina), but because of its close ties to what became Bolivia, it returned to its original jurisdiction.<ref>Valerie Fifer, Bolivia: Land, Location and Politics since 1825. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1972, 168-170.</ref> In 1899, Argentina renounced its claims in exchange for the Puna de Atacama.

== Facilities and tourism == Tarija's main plaza is surrounded by restaurants of various cuisines, local handicraft shops, and internet cafes. Within immediate walking distance is the public market, a university campus, and a number of tourist sights including the Paleontology Museum of Tarija City. The city includes higher-end restaurants as well as fast food restaurants and dance clubs.

From Tarija, primary destinations and land routes coincide with the cardinal directions: Paraguay/the Gran Chaco, to the east via Yacuiba; Argentina, to the south via Bermejo, Yacuiba or Villazón; Tupiza/the Salar de Uyuni, to the west via Villazón; and the central cities of Bolivia, to the north via Potosí. The route to the altiplano and Potosí is much safer, as of December 2012.{{Clarify|reason=Why?|date=January 2018}} A new tunnel bypasses Sama, the mountain just west of the city of Tarija.<ref>“ABC habilita nueva ruta a Tarija evitando Sama.” 2013. Accessed March 8. http://www.lostiempos.com/diario/actualidad/economia/20121222/abc-habilita-nueva-ruta-a-tarija-evitando-sama_196543_418858.html. </ref>

The San Jacinto Dam is located a few kilometers south of Tarija, and the ''Chorros de Jurina'' falls is located a few kilometers northwest from the city.

Tarija's land and climate are adequate for grape and wine production. The Festival of Wine is held annually in Tarija.

== Climate == Tarija has a semi-arid climate (Köppen ''BSh/BSk''), bordering on a subtropical highland climate (''Cwb''). The summers are warm and generally humid, while winters are dry, with barely any rainfall, and temperatures warm during the day and cooler at night. Almost all the annual precipitation is received during the southern-hemisphere summer months. Frosts occasionally occur from May to October. On July 25, 2019, the most intense snowfall in Tarija since 1954 was recorded.<ref>{{cite news |last= Flores|first= Gabriela|title= El Senamhi desde el año 1954 no tiene registro de nevadas como la vivida en Tarija|trans-title=The Senamhi since 1954 has no record of snowfall like the one lived in Tarija |url= https://lavozdetarija.com/2019/07/25/el-senamhi-desde-el-ano-1954-no-tiene-registro-de-nevadas-como-la-vivida-en-tarija/|language= es|work=La Voz de Tarija |location=Tarija |access-date=July 27, 2019}}</ref>

{{Weather box | location = Tarija Airport, elevation: {{convert|1,875|m}}, 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1962–present) | metric first = yes | single line = yes | width = auto |Jan record high C = 36.5 |Feb record high C = 37.4 |Mar record high C = 37.5 |Apr record high C = 37.3 |May record high C = 36.9 |Jun record high C = 35.1 |Jul record high C = 36.0 |Aug record high C = 37.4 |Sep record high C = 39.5 |Oct record high C = 39.7 |Nov record high C = 37.8 |Dec record high C = 38.8 |year record high C = 39.7 |Jan high C = 27.1 |Feb high C = 26.6 |Mar high C = 26.6 |Apr high C = 25.9 |May high C = 24.8 |Jun high C = 24.4 |Jul high C = 23.9 |Aug high C = 25.6 |Sep high C = 26.1 |Oct high C = 27.5 |Nov high C = 27.4 |Dec high C = 27.5 |year high C = 26.1 |Jan mean C = 20.8 |Feb mean C = 20.3 |Mar mean C = 20.2 |Apr mean C = 18.6 |May mean C = 15.5 |Jun mean C = 13.6 |Jul mean C = 13.2 |Aug mean C = 15.4 |Sep mean C = 17.0 |Oct mean C = 19.7 |Nov mean C = 20.3 |Dec mean C = 21.0 |year mean C = 18.0 |Jan low C = 14.7 |Feb low C = 14.1 |Mar low C = 13.8 |Apr low C = 11.3 |May low C = 6.3 |Jun low C = 2.7 |Jul low C = 2.5 |Aug low C = 5.2 |Sep low C = 7.9 |Oct low C = 11.9 |Nov low C = 13.3 |Dec low C = 14.4 |year low C = 9.8 |Jan record low C = 6.0 |Feb record low C = 4.0 |Mar record low C = 4.8 |Apr record low C = -2.0 |May record low C = -3.0 |Jun record low C = -7.7 |Jul record low C = -9.2 |Aug record low C = -8.0 |Sep record low C = -4.2 |Oct record low C = 0.0 |Nov record low C = 3.0 |Dec record low C = 0.0 |year record low C = -9.2 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 130.2 |Feb precipitation mm = 100.4 |Mar precipitation mm = 90.3 |Apr precipitation mm = 16.1 |May precipitation mm = 1.7 |Jun precipitation mm = 0.2 |Jul precipitation mm = 0.3 |Aug precipitation mm = 1.9 |Sep precipitation mm = 7.0 |Oct precipitation mm = 37.1 |Nov precipitation mm = 73.2 |Dec precipitation mm = 125.9 |year precipitation mm = 584.3 |Jan precipitation days = 14.8 |Feb precipitation days = 12.5 |Mar precipitation days = 11.2 |Apr precipitation days = 4.0 |May precipitation days = 1.1 |Jun precipitation days = 0.3 |Jul precipitation days = 0.3 |Aug precipitation days = 0.9 |Sep precipitation days = 2.6 |Oct precipitation days = 6.8 |Nov precipitation days = 10.4 |Dec precipitation days = 12.8 |year precipitation days = 77.6 |Jan humidity = 67.1 |Feb humidity = 68.9 |Mar humidity = 68.6 |Apr humidity = 65.6 |May humidity = 58.9 |Jun humidity = 53.0 |Jul humidity = 51.9 |Aug humidity = 50.0 |Sep humidity = 50.8 |Oct humidity = 54.6 |Nov humidity = 59.6 |Dec humidity = 64.1 |year humidity = 59.2 |source 1 = Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología de Bolivia<ref name="SENAMHI"> {{cite web | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190921144951/http://senamhi.gob.bo/index.php/sismet | archive-date = 21 September 2019 | url = http://senamhi.gob.bo/index.php/sismet | title = Base de datos Sistema Meteorológico–SISMET | publisher = Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología de Bolivia | language = es | access-date = 21 September 2019}}</ref> }}

{{Weather box |location = Tarija |single line = Yes |metric first = Yes |width = auto |Jan mean C = 21.8 |Feb mean C = 20.7 |Mar mean C = 19.6 |Apr mean C = 17.9 |May mean C = 15.4 |Jun mean C = 12.2 |Jul mean C = 12.6 |Aug mean C = 14.5 |Sep mean C = 17.4 |Oct mean C = 19.5 |Nov mean C = 20.0 |Dec mean C = 21.3 |year mean C = |Jan high C = 28.5 |Feb high C = 27.2 |Mar high C = 26.3 |Apr high C = 25.5 |May high C = 24.3 |Jun high C = 21.6 |Jul high C = 23.3 |Aug high C = 24.9 |Sep high C = 27.2 |Oct high C = 27.8 |Nov high C = 27.5 |Dec high C = 28.8 |year high F = |Jan low C = 15.0 |Feb low C = 14.2 |Mar low C = 12.9 |Apr low C = 10.4 |May low C = 6.6 |Jun low C = 2.8 |Jul low C = 2.0 |Aug low C = 4.1 |Sep low C = 7.7 |Oct low C = 11.3 |Nov low C = 12.6 |Dec low C = 13.8 |year low F = |rain colour = green |Jan rain mm = 125 |Feb rain mm = 107 |Mar rain mm = 75 |Apr rain mm = 24 |May rain mm = 2 |Jun rain mm = 2 |Jul rain mm = 0 |Aug rain mm = 3 |Sep rain mm = 6 |Oct rain mm = 34 |Nov rain mm = 65 |Dec rain mm = 113 |year rain mm = |source 1 = Climate-Data.org<ref name=CLD> {{cite web |url =https://en.climate-data.org/south-america/bolivia/tarija/tarija-3926/ |title = Climate Tarija |publisher=Climate Data |year=2019 |access-date= 28 June 2019}}</ref> }}

==Gallery== <gallery> Image:Viñedos Kohlberg.jpg|Vineyards in Tarija, Bolivia Image:Plaza_de_Armas_Luis_de_Fuentes_y_Vargas_(Plaza_Principal)_-_Tarija_-_Bolivia.jpg|Plaza de Armas, Tarija Image:Boeing 737-300 de BoA aproximandose a Tarija.JPG|Capitán Oriel Lea Plaza Airport Image:San Jacinto west.jpg|San Jacinto Lake, Tarija Image:Plaza de Entre Rios, Tarija, Bolivia.jpg|Entre Rios Square, Tarija Image:Tarija.jpg|Tarija, Bolivia Image:Castillete Azul de Tarija.jpg|Tarija, Bolivia </gallery>

== Lifestyle == Tarija is commonly regarded by Bolivian nationals and tourists alike as the "Bolivian Andalusia".{{Citation needed|date=June 2007}} The Guadalquivir River that borders the city was named after the Spanish river of the same name. Residents of Tarija call themselves ''Chapacos'', regardless of social class and ethnic background. Although the origin of the name is uncertain, there is a hypothesis that it is a variation of ''chacapa'', the name of an indigenous settlement in the region during early colonial times.{{Citation needed|date=May 2011}}

During Bolivia's post-revolutionary period, the Chapacos voted in favor of being annexed by Bolivia instead of Argentina.{{citation needed|date=January 2018}} For that reason, Tarijeños have been included among Bolivia's most loyal and patriotic people. However, the modern culture is slightly isolated from the rest of urban Bolivia, and in recent times, many Tarijeñans feel much more connected to Tarija itself than to the rest of Bolivia.{{citation needed|date=January 2018}} Their local creed is reflected in a famous, folkloric Cueca song, titled "Chapaco Soy".

== Sports == The city's Guadalquivir Coliseum has hosted games of Bolivia's national basketball team.<ref>{{cite news|title=Básquetbol: Bolivia hace prevalecer su localía ante Ecuador|url=https://jornada.com.bo/basquetbol-bolivia-hace-prevalecer-su-localia-ante-ecuador/ |accessdate=23 July 2021 |work=Jornada |date=12 June 2021 |language=Spanish}}</ref>

==Twin towns – sister cities== *{{flagicon|CHL}} Mejillones, Chile<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.pub.eldiario.net/noticias/2015/2015_07/nt150703/nacional.php?n=22&-alcaldes-se-reunen-en-tarija | title=Alcaldes se reúnen en Tarija }}</ref> *{{flagicon|BEL}} Brasschaat, Belgium<ref>{{cite web |title=Internationale samenwerking|url=https://www.brasschaat.be/bestuur-dienstverlening/intergemeentelijke-samenwerking/internationale-samenwerking|website=brasschaat.be|publisher=Brasschaat|language=nl|access-date=2021-12-19}}</ref> *{{flagicon|BEL}} Tournai, Belgium<ref>{{cite web|title=Procès-verbal du Conseil communal du 24 octobre 2016|url=https://www.tournai.be/vie-politique/conseil-communal-dates-et-archives/conseils-communaux-2016/48-proces-verbal-du-conseil-communal-du-24-octobre-2016/file.html|website=tournai.be|publisher=Tournai|page=29,30|language=fr|date=2016-10-24|access-date=2021-12-19|archive-date=2021-12-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211219201557/https://www.tournai.be/vie-politique/conseil-communal-dates-et-archives/conseils-communaux-2016/48-proces-verbal-du-conseil-communal-du-24-octobre-2016/file.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> *{{flagicon|ESP}} Iniesta, Spain<ref>{{cite web | url=https://ahoradigital.net/tarija-tarija/21/11/2021/alcalde-de-iniesta-espana-y-el-representante-de-la-asociacion-adiman-visitaron-tarija-y-avanzaron-en-consolidar-importantes-acuerdos-para-la-cooperacion-internacional/ | title=Alcalde de Iniesta (España) y el representante de la ADIMAN visitaron Tarija y avanzaron en consolidar importantes acuerdos par | date=21 November 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://elpais.bo/tarija/20211121_municipios-de-tarija-y-espana-preven-hermanamiento.html | title=Municipios de Tarija y España prevén hermanamiento }}</ref> *{{flagicon|ARG}} Salta, Argentina<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.eltribuno.com/salta/nota/2018-3-24-0-0-0-trascendental-hermanamiento-gaucho-con-tarija/ | title=El Tribuno }}</ref> *{{flagicon|ARG}} Villa Carlos Paz, Argentina<ref>{{cite web | url=https://cordobainteriorinforma.com/2019/01/24/villa-carlos-paz-se-hermanara-con-la-ciudad-boliviana-de-tarija/ | title=Villa Carlos Paz se hermanará con la ciudad boliviana de Tarija | Córdoba Interior Informa }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://villacarlospaz.tur.ar/noticias/carlos-paz-y-tarija-bolivia-ciudades-hermanadas/ | title=CARLOS PAZ y TARIJA (BOLIVIA) CIUDADES HERMANADAS – Villa Carlos Paz – Sitio Oficial de Turismo }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://nextmultimedio.com/carlos-paz-y-tarija-bolivia-ciudades-hermanas/ | title=Carlos Paz y Tarija (Bolivia) ciudades hermanas -Next TV | date=24 January 2019 }}</ref> *{{flagicon|ARG}} Mendoza, Argentina<ref>{{cite web | url=http://vinos-uvas.blogspot.com/2014/03/vendimia-chapaca-se-erige-como-evento.html?m=1 | title=Vendimia Chapaca se erige como evento nacional }}</ref> *{{flagicon|PAR}} Asunción, Paraguay<ref>{{cite web |title=Las ciudades de Asunción y Tarija serán ciudades hermanas|url=http://www.legislaturasconectadas.gob.ar/Prensa/Las-ciudades-de-Asuncion-y-Tarija-seran-ciudades-hermanas/1264|website=legislaturasconectadas.gob.ar|publisher=Legislaturas Conectadas|language=es|date=2021-09-24|access-date=2021-12-16}}</ref> *{{flagicon|PAR}} San Bernardino, Paraguay<ref>{{cite web | url=https://elpais.bo/tarija/20210814_torres-concreta-relacion-comercial-tarija-paraguay.html | title=Torres concreta relación comercial Tarija-Paraguay }}</ref>

==References== {{reflist}}

==External links== {{commons category|Tarija}} {{wikivoyage|Tarija}} * [http://boliviatravelguide.net/site_flash/tarija.html Tarija City Guide] * [http://boliviaweb.com/cities/tarija.htm Tarija profile]

Category:Tarija Category:Populated places in Tarija Department Category:Populated places established in 1574 Category:1574 establishments in the Spanish Empire