Tabarja

{{Infobox settlement | name = Tabarja | native_name = طبرجا | native_name_lang = ara | settlement_type = Village

| image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption =

| pushpin_map = Lebanon | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = Map showing the location of Tabarja within Lebanon | pushpin_map_caption = Location within Lebanon

| coordinates = {{coord|34|02|N|35|38|E|region:LB_type:city|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_footnotes =

| subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flagcountry|Lebanon}} | subdivision_type1 = Governorate | subdivision_name1 = Keserwan-Jbeil | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_name2 = Keserwan District

| established_title =  | established_date = | founder =

| leader_party = | leader_title = | leader_name =

| population_footnotes = | population_total = | population_as_of = | population_density_km2 = auto

| population_note = | timezone1 = EET | utc_offset1 = +2 | timezone1_DST = EEST | utc_offset1_DST = +3 | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = | area_code_type = Dialing code | area_code = +961 | website = | footnotes = }}

thumb | right | A sunset in Tabarja '''Tabarja''' ({{langx|ar|طبرجا|Ṭabarjā}}) is an ancient coastal village in Lebanon, situated in Kesrouan, {{convert|26|km|abbr=on}}

==Etymology== Tabarja has been known by various names throughout its history.

It is identified with the coastal town of Trieres in Polybius' ''Histories.'' The historian places the Lycus river, Calamus, and Trieres between Beirut and Batrun.{{Sfn|Lipiński|2004|p=25}} In the 6th-century AD pilgrimage guide ''Antonini Placentini Itinerarium,'' Trieri ''(Trierim civitatem)'' is mentioned and placed between Beirut and Byblos.{{Sfn|Antoninus of Piacenza|1889|p=1}} ''Trieres'' was a Greek exonym meaning "trireme" which implies the location of the settlement next to a harbor.{{Sfn|Lipiński|2004|p=26}}

According to Lipiński, the name ''Tabarja'' (Tabarga) stems from ''Tiberias'' through an Arabic dialectal change of -iyya in "Tabariyya" into "Tabarigg", or a Frankish process of palatalization to "Tabarge".{{Efn|Sayda (Sidon) became Sagette.{{sfn|Lipiński|2004|p=26}}}} The settlement was so-called after emperor Tiberius, like the town built in the first century AD on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee.{{Sfn|Lipiński|2004|p=26}} This is corroborated by 13th-century AD Arab geographer Yaqut al-Hamawi, who lists a ''Tabarayya'' in as-Sham besides the one in Palestine.{{Sfn|al-Rūmī al-Ḥamawī|1868|p=513}}{{Sfn|Lipiński|2004|p=26}} As for the Semitic root of the Greek exonym ''Trieres,'' Lipiński suggests "traʿ- ʾarʿā" which means in Aramaic "the gate of the country"; a hypothesis that is corroborated by the Latin name of "Passus Pagani" (the Pass of the Countrymen" mentioned by William, a 12th-century chronicler and archbishop of Tyre.{{Sfn|van Berchem|1902|p=397-399}}{{Sfn|Lipiński|2004|p=26}}

The Aramaic name dates to the Persian period, when it indicated the geographical frontier between the lands of the kingdoms of Sidon and Byblos.{{Sfn|Lipiński|2004|p=26}}

== Local lore == Local tradition reports that a rich king called Bargis lived in this town in the ancient times. This story could date to when Tabarja was still "Tiberias" (see Etymology).{{Sfn|Lipiński|2004|p=26}}

== Modern History ==

On 18 December 1996 a minibus carrying Syrian workers was ambushed by gunmen in Tabarja. The driver was killed and seven passengers wounded. At the time it was estimated there were around one million Syrian workers in Lebanon.<ref>Middle East International No 541, 10 January 1996 (misprint - actual date 1997); Publishers Lord Mayhew, Dennis Walters MP; Michael Jansen pp.7-8; Giles Trendle p.8 estimate of number of Syrian workers</ref>

== Notes == <references group="lower-alpha" responsive="1"></references>

==References==

=== Citations === <references />

=== Bibliography ===

* {{Cite book |last=al-Rūmī al-Ḥamawī |first=Yāqūt Ibn-ʻAbdallāh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pgw-AAAAcAAJ |title=Jacut's Geographisches Wörterbuch: S - f |date=1868 |publisher=Brockhaus |volume=3 |language=ar |trans-title=Mu'jam al-Buldān (Arabic: معجم البلدان) "Dictionary of Countries" |author-link=Yaqut al-Hamawi |orig-date=13th century AD}} * {{Cite book |last=Antoninus of Piacenza |url=https://archive.org/details/antoniniplacent00gildgoog/page/n30/mode/2up?q=Triari |title=Antonini Placentini Itinerarium |publisher=H. Reuther |year=1889 |editor-last=Gildemeister |editor-first=Johann |location=Berlin |language=Latin |oclc=18538787 |author-link=Antoninus of Piacenza |orig-date=6th century AD}} * {{Cite book |last=van Berchem |first=Max |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J6hPAAAAYAAJ |title=Le royaume de Jérusalem et le livre de M. Röhricht |date=1902 |publisher=Imprimerie nationale |language=fr |trans-title=The kingdom of Jerusalem and the book of M. Röhricht}} * {{cite book |last=Lipiński |first=Edward |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SLSzNfdcqfoC&pg=PA273 |title=Itineraria Phoenicia |publisher=Uitgeverij Peeters en Departement Oosterse Studies |year=2004 |isbn=978-90-429-1344-8 |series=Orientalia Lovaniensia analecta |author-link=Edward Lipiński (orientalist)}}

==External links== *[http://www.localiban.org/article4488.html Tabarja - Kfar Yassine] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180603162700/http://www.localiban.org/article4488.html |date=2018-06-03 }}, Localiban {{Keserwan District}}

Category:Populated places in Keserwan District