{{Short description|Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens}} {{Infobox_gene}} '''Troponin C, fast skeletal muscle''' (sTnC) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TNNC2'' gene. It is the troponin C paralog expressed in fast-twitching fibers of skeletal muscle.<ref name="pmid2373703">{{cite journal | vauthors = Gahlmann R, Kedes L | title = Cloning, structural analysis, and expression of the human fast twitch skeletal muscle troponin C gene | journal = J Biol Chem | volume = 265 | issue = 21 | pages = 12520–8 |date=Aug 1990 | doi = 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)38376-0 | pmid = 2373703 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: TNNC2 troponin C type 2 (fast)| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7125}}</ref>
Troponin (Tn), is a key protein complex in the regulation of striated muscle contraction, composed of three subunits. The TnI subunit inhibits actomyosin ATPase, the TnT subunit binds tropomyosin and TnC, while the TnC subunit binds calcium and overcomes the inhibitory action of the troponin complex on actin thin filaments. The protein encoded by the ''TNNC2'' gene is the TnC subunit.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: TNNC2 troponin C type 2 (fast)| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7125}}</ref>
There are already multiple troponin activators that bind to fast skeletal troponin C (TNNC2), of which tirasemtiv<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Russell AJ, Hartman JJ, Hinken AC, Muci AR, Kawas R, Driscoll L, Godinez G, Lee KH, Marquez D, Browne WF, Chen MM, Clarke D, Collibee SE, Garard M, Hansen R, Jia Z, Lu PP, Rodriguez H, Saikali KG, Schaletzky J, Vijayakumar V, Albertus DL, Claflin DR, Morgans DJ, Morgan BP, Malik FI | title = Activation of fast skeletal muscle troponin as a potential therapeutic approach for treating neuromuscular diseases | journal = Nature Medicine | volume = 18 | issue = 3 | pages = 452–455 | date = Mar 2012 | pmid = 22344294 | doi = 10.1038/nm.2618 | pmc=3296825}}</ref> has been tested in multiple clinical trials.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Shefner JM, Wolff AA, Meng L | title = The relationship between tirasemtiv serum concentration and functional outcomes in patients with ALS | journal = Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis & Frontotemporal Degeneration | volume = 14 | issue = 7–8 | pages = 582–5 | date = Dec 2013 | pmid = 23952600 | doi = 10.3109/21678421.2013.817587 | s2cid = 25563161 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Bauer TA, Wolff AA, Hirsch AT, Meng LL, Rogers K, Malik FI, Hiatt WR|author7-link=William R. Hiatt | title = Effect of tirasemtiv, a selective activator of the fast skeletal muscle troponin complex, in patients with peripheral artery disease | journal = Vascular Medicine | volume = 19 | issue = 4 | pages = 297–306 | date = May 2014 | pmid = 24872402 | doi = 10.1177/1358863X14534516 | s2cid = 25185883 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sanders DB, Rosenfeld J, Dimachkie MM, Meng L, Malik FI, Andrews J, Barohn R, Corse A, Deboo A, Felice K, Harati Y, Heiman-Patterson T, Howard JF, Jackson C, Juel V, Katz J, Lee J, Massey J, McVey A, Mozaffar T, Pasnoor M, Small G, So Y, Wang AK, Weinberg D, Wolff AA | title = A double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate efficacy, safety, and tolerability of single doses of tirasemtiv in patients with acetylcholine receptor-binding antibody-positive myasthenia gravis | journal = Neurotherapeutics | volume = 12 | issue = 2 | pages = 455–60 | date = Apr 2015 | pmid = 25742919 | doi = 10.1007/s13311-015-0345-y | pmc=4404445}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}}
==Further reading== {{refbegin | 2}} *{{cite journal | vauthors=Romero-Herrera AE, Castillo O, Lehmann H |title=Human skeletal muscle proteins. The primary structure of troponin C. |journal=J. Mol. Evol. |volume=8 |issue= 3 |pages= 251–70 |year= 1977 |pmid= 978749 |doi= 10.1007/bf01730999|s2cid=12057790 }} *{{cite journal |vauthors=Tomasselli AG, Hui JO, Adams L, etal |title=Actin, troponin C, Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein and pro-interleukin 1 beta as substrates of the protease from human immunodeficiency virus. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=266 |issue= 22 |pages= 14548–53 |year= 1991 |doi=10.1016/S0021-9258(18)98721-1 |pmid= 1907279 |doi-access=free }} *{{cite journal | vauthors=Gahlmann R, Wade R, Gunning P, Kedes L |title=Differential expression of slow and fast skeletal muscle troponin C. Slow skeletal muscle troponin C is expressed in human fibroblasts. |journal=J. Mol. Biol. |volume=201 |issue= 2 |pages= 379–91 |year= 1988 |pmid= 3166492 |doi=10.1016/0022-2836(88)90145-3 |doi-access=free }} *{{cite journal |vauthors=Prentice H, Kloner RA, Prigozy T, etal |title=Tissue restricted gene expression assayed by direct DNA injection into cardiac and skeletal muscle. |journal=J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. |volume=26 |issue= 10 |pages= 1393–401 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7869399 |doi= 10.1006/jmcc.1994.1157 }} *{{cite journal |vauthors=Tiso N, Rampoldi L, Pallavicini A, etal |title=Fine mapping of five human skeletal muscle genes: alpha-tropomyosin, beta-tropomyosin, troponin-I slow-twitch, troponin-I fast-twitch, and troponin-C fast. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=230 |issue= 2 |pages= 347–50 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9016781 |doi= 10.1006/bbrc.1996.5958 |hdl= 11577/2466889 |hdl-access= free }} *{{cite journal | vauthors=Townsend PJ, Yacoub MH, Barton PJ |title=Assignment of the human fast skeletal muscle troponin C gene (TNNC2) between D20S721 and GCT10F11 on chromosome 20 by somatic cell hybrid analysis. |journal=Ann. Hum. Genet. |volume=61 |issue= Pt 5 |pages= 457–9 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9459007 |doi= 10.1046/j.1469-1809.1997.6150457.x |s2cid=1450195 |doi-access=free }} *{{cite journal |vauthors=Vassylyev DG, Takeda S, Wakatsuki S, etal |title=Crystal structure of troponin C in complex with troponin I fragment at 2.3-A resolution. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=95 |issue= 9 |pages= 4847–52 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9560191 |doi=10.1073/pnas.95.9.4847 | pmc=20176 |doi-access=free }} *{{cite journal |vauthors=Deloukas P, Matthews LH, Ashurst J, etal |title=The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20. |journal=Nature |volume=414 |issue= 6866 |pages= 865–71 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11780052 |doi= 10.1038/414865a |bibcode=2001Natur.414..865D |doi-access= free }} *{{cite journal |vauthors=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 | pmc=139241 |bibcode=2002PNAS...9916899M |doi-access=free }} *{{cite journal |vauthors=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, etal |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121–7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 | pmc=528928 }} {{refend}} {{PDB Gallery|geneid=7125}}
{{Cytoskeletal Proteins}}
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Category:EF-hand-containing proteins