Stenochiridae

{{Short description|Family of crustaceans}} {{Automatic taxobox | fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Sinemurian|Turonian}} | image = Pseudastacus pustulosus.JPG | image_caption = Fossil of ''Pseudastacus pustulosus'' |display_parents = 2 | taxon = Stenochiridae | parent_authority = Beurlen, 1928 | authority = Beurlen, 1928 | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision = *{{extinct}}''Chilenophoberus'' *{{extinct}}''Palaeophoberus'' *{{extinct}}''Pseudastacus'' *{{extinct}}''Stenochirus'' *{{extinct}}''Tillocheles'' | synonyms = * '''Chilenophoberidae''' <small>Tshudy and Babcock, 1997</small> }}

'''Stenochiridae''' is a family of fossil decapod crustaceans which lived from the early Jurassic to late Cretaceous periods. It is the only family in the superfamily '''Stenochiroidea'''. Fossils of stenochirids are known from Europe, Japan, Chile and Australia.

==Classification== Georg zu Münster was the first to publish on fossils of stenochirids, describing several fossil specimens collected from the Solnhofen Limestone in 1839, though the family would not be named until much later. He erected the genus ''Bolina'' to which he assigned two species, ''Bolina pustulosa'' and ''Bolina angusta''.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Münster |first1=Georg Herbert |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/120022 |title=Beitraege zur Petrefacten-Kunde : mit XXX. nach der Natur gezeichneten tafeln |last2=Münster |first2=Georg Herbert |date=1839 |publisher=in Commission der Buchner'schen Buchhandlung |location=Bayreuth}}</ref> However, Albert Oppel noted in 1861 that this genus name was preoccupied by a cnidarian, and split the two species into separate genera, renaming them as ''Pseudastacus pustulosus'' and ''Stenochirus angustus''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=A |first=Oppel |date=1861 |title=Die Arten der Gattungen Eryma, Pseudastacus, Magila und Etallonia. |url=https://www.marinespecies.org/traits./aphia.php?p=sourceget&id=230972 |format=PDF |journal=Jahreshefte des Vereins für Vaterlandische Naturkunde in Wurttemberg |language=de |volume=17 |pages=355–364}}</ref>

The family Stenochiridae was first established decades later in 1928 by Karl Beurlen, named after the type genus ''Stenochirus''. Beurlen placed only the genus ''Stenochirus'' into the Stenochiridae, rendering the family monotypic.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Beurlen |first=Karl |date=1928-01-01 |title=Die Decapoden des Schwäbischen Jura, mit Ausnahme der aus den oberjurassischen Plattenkalken stammenden. Beiträge zur Systematik und Stammesgeschichte der Decapoden |url=https://www.schweizerbart.de/papers/palae/detail/70/67587/Die_Decapoden_des_Schwabischen_Jura_mit_Ausnahme_der_aus_den_oberjurassischen_Plattenkalken_stammenden_Beitrage_zur_Systematik_und_Stammesgeschichte_der_Decapoden |journal=Palaeontographica |language=de |pages=115–278}}</ref> In 1997, Tshudy and Babcock erected the new family Chilenophoberidae, of which ''Chilenophoberus'' was the type genus and three other genera (''Pseudastacus'', ''Palaeophoberus'' and ''Tillocheles'') were assigned to.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Tshudy |first1=D |last2=Babcock |first2=L.E. |date=1997-01-01 |title=Morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of the clawed lobsters (family Nephropidae and the new family Chilenophoberidae) |journal=Journal of Crustacean Biology |language=en |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=253–263 |doi=10.1163/193724097X00288 |issn=0278-0372|doi-access=free |bibcode=1997JCBio..17..253. }}</ref> In 2013, a study on the phylogeny of lobsters by Karasawa ''et al.'' found that ''Stenochirus'' and ''Pseudastacus'' were sister taxa, which would make Chilenophoberidae a paraphyletic taxon with Stenochiridae nested within. Because the latter family was named first, Chilenophoberidae became a junior synonym of Stenochiridae.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Karasawa |first1=Hiroaki |last2=Schweitzer |first2=Carrie E. |last3=Feldmann |first3=Rodney M. |date=2013-01-01 |title=Phylogeny and systematics of extant and extinct lobsters |journal=Journal of Crustacean Biology |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=78–123 |doi=10.1163/1937240x-00002111 |issn=0278-0372|doi-access=free |bibcode=2013JCBio..33...78K }}</ref>

Stenochiridae is the sister clade to Nephropidae (the family containing true lobsters), and both belong to the infraorder Astacidea. The cladogram below shows the placement of Stenochiridae within Astacidea, from analysis by Karasawa ''et al.'' (2013):<ref name=":0" />

{{clade |1={{clade |label1=Astacidea |1={{clade |1={{clade |2={{extinct}}Protastacidae |1={{clade |1=Parastacidae |label2=Astacoidea |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=Cricoidoscelosidae |2=Cambaridae }} |2=Astacidae }} }} }} |2={{clade |label1=Enoplometopoidea |1={{clade |1=Enoplometopidae |2={{extinct}}Uncinidae }} |2={{clade |1={{extinct}}'''Stenochiridae''' |2=Nephropidae }} }} }} }} }}

The cladogram below shows the internal relationships of Stenochiridae according to Karasawa ''et al.'' (2013):<ref name=":0" />

{{clade |label1='''Stenochiridae''' |1={{clade |2=''Palaeophoberus'' |3=''Tillocheles'' |1={{clade |2=''Chilenophoberus'' |1={{clade |1=''Stenochirus'' |2=''Pseudastacus'' }} }} }} }}

==References== {{Reflist}}

Category:Prehistoric Malacostraca Category:Jurassic crustaceans Category:Decapod families