Palaeophoberus

{{Short description|Extinct genus of crustaceans}} {{automatic taxobox | image = | image_caption = | fossil_range= {{fossil range|Aalenian|Tithonian|Aalenian-Tithonian}} | taxon=Palaeophoberus | authority = Glaessner, 1932 | type_species = {{extinct}}'''''Stenochirus suevicus''''' | type_species_authority = Quenstedt, 1867 | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = *{{extinct}}'''''P. suevicus''''' Quenstedt, 1867 *{{extinct}}'''''P. portlandicus''''' Roger & Lapparent, 1944 | synonyms = {{collapsible list|bullets=true|title=''P. suevicus'' synonymy |''Stenochirus suevicus'' Quenstedt, 1867 }} }}

'''''Palaeophoberus''''' is an extinct genus of decapod crustaceans that lived from the Aalenian to Tithonian stages of the Jurassic period. Its fossils have been found in Germany and France.

==Taxonomic history== The first known fossils of ''Palaeophoberus'' were initially assigned to another genus; Friedrich August von Quenstedt named the species ''Stenochirus suevicus'' in 1867 based on remains collected from Aalenian-aged deposits in Reutlingen, Germany.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Quenstedt |first1=Fr. Aug. von |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/30642 |title=Handbuch der Petrefaktenkunde |last2=Quenstedt |first2=Fr Aug von |date=1885 |publisher=H. Laupp |edition=3. Umgearb. und verm. Aufl. |location=Tübingen}}</ref> 65 years later in 1932, Martin Glaessner determines that these remains differ significantly from the type specimen of ''Stenochirus'' and thus belong in a separate genus, which he named ''Palaeophoberus'', with ''P. suevicus'' as its type and only species. The generic name means "ancient ''Phoberus''", as Glaessner believed it was related to ''Acanthacaris'' (formerly known as ''Phoberus'').<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Glaessner |first=Martin F. |date=1932-05-01 |title=Zwei ungenügend bekannte mesozoische Dekapodenkrebse |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03041621 |journal=Paläontologische Zeitschrift |language=de |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=108–121 |doi=10.1007/BF03041621|bibcode=1932PalZ...14..108G |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

A second species was assigned to ''Palaeophoberus'' in 1944. Named ''P. portlandicus'', its remains were collected from Tithonian-aged deposits in Hannaches, France. The specific name references the Portlandian stage, a term used in the past which corresponds to the Tithonian.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Roger |first1=J. |last2=Lapparent |first2=A.F. |date=1944 |title=Une nouvelle espèce de crustacé décapode ''Palaeophoberus portlandicus'', découverte dans le Portlandien du Pays de Bray |journal=Bulletin de la Société géologique de France |volume=14 |pages=365–374}}</ref>

==Classification== In his establishment of the genus, Glaessner (1932) considered ''Palaeophoberus'' to be related to the extant ''Acanthacaris'', placing both genera in the family Nephropidae.<ref name=":0" /> Later in 1969, Glaessner named the group containing ''Acanthacaris'' and ''Palaeophoberus'' as the subfamily Neophoberinae.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Moore |first1=R. C. |last2=Brooks |first2=H. K. |last3=Glaessner |first3=M. F. |last4=Rolfe |first4=W. D. Ian |last5=Manning |first5=Raymond B. |last6=Holthuis |first6=L. B. |last7=Hessler |first7=Robert R. |date=1969-01-01 |title=Part R, Arthropoda 4, vol. 1 & 2, ch. 4, p. 295-566 |url=https://journals.ku.edu/InvertebratePaleo/article/view/5629 |journal=Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology |language=en |doi=10.17161/dt.v0i0.5629 |issn=2153-621X}}</ref> The idea that these two genera were related persisted for decades, with several subsequent authors following this classification and even proposing ''Acanthacaris'' is a descendant of ''Palaeophoberus''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hans |first=Mertin |date=1941-06-22 |title=Decapode Krebse aus dem subhercynen und Braunschweiger Emscher und Untersenon sowie Bemerkungen ueber einige verwandte Formen in der Oberkreide |journal=Nova Acta Leopoldina |volume=10 |pages=1–264|s2cid=222413128 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Burukovsky |first1=R.N. |last2=Ckreko |first2=B.T. |date=1986 |title=Archaic lobsters |journal=Nature, Moscow |volume=12 |pages=93–95}}</ref>

In 1997, phylogenetic analysis carried out by Tsudy & Babcock found that ''Acanthacaris'' was not actually related to ''Palaeophoberus'', thus the latter genus was moved out of Neophoberinae and reassigned to the family Chilenophoberidae.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Tshudy |first1=D |last2=Babcock |first2=L.E. |date=1997-01-01 |title=Morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of the clawed lobsters (family Nephropidae and the new family Chilenophoberidae) |journal=Journal of Crustacean Biology |language=en |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=253–263 |doi=10.1163/193724097X00288 |issn=0278-0372|doi-access=free |bibcode=1997JCBio..17..253. }}</ref> Karasawa ''et al.'' (2013) later declared that Chilenophoberidae is a paraphyletic grouping, synonymizing it with Stenochiridae, and reassigning all chilenophoberid genera (including ''Palaeophoberus'') as stenochirids. The following cladogram shows the placement of ''Palaeophoberus'' within Stenochiridae according to the study:<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Karasawa |first1=Hiroaki |last2=Schweitzer |first2=Carrie E. |last3=Feldmann |first3=Rodney M. |date=2013-01-01 |title=Phylogeny and systematics of extant and extinct lobsters |journal=Journal of Crustacean Biology |language=en |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=78–123 |doi=10.1163/1937240X-00002111 |issn=0278-0372|doi-access=free |bibcode=2013JCBio..33...78K }}</ref>

{{clade |label1=Stenochiridae |1={{clade |2='''''Palaeophoberus''''' |3=''Tillocheles'' |1={{clade |2=''Chilenophoberus'' |1={{clade |1=''Stenochirus'' |2=''Pseudastacus'' }} }} }} }}

==References== {{reflist}}

==External links== {{Portal|Crustaceans|Paleontology}}

Category:Jurassic crustaceans Category:Fossil taxa described in 1932