Stan Cross

{{Short description|American-born Australian cartoonist (1888-1977)}} {{Use Australian English|date=June 2020}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}} {{Infobox writer <!-- for more information see :Template:Infobox writer/doc --> |image = Portrait of Stan Cross 1935.jpg |imagesize = | name = Stan Cross | caption = Portrait of Stan Cross (1935). | pseudonym = | birth_date = 3 December 1888 | birth_place = Los Angeles, California, United States | birth_name = Stanley George Cross | death_date = {{death date and age|1977|06|16|1888|12|03|df=yes }} | death_place = Armidale, New South Wales, Australia | occupation = Cartoonist, illustrator | nationality = Australian | period = 1920–1970 | genre = Humour | subject = | movement = | signature = | website = }}

'''Stanley George Cross''' (3 December 1888 – 16 June 1977) was born in the United States but was known as an Australian strip and political cartoonist who drew for ''Smith's Weekly'' and the ''Herald & Weekly Times''. Cross is famous for his iconic 1933 ''"For gorsake, stop laughing: this is serious!”'' cartoon as well as the ''Wally and the Major'' and ''The Potts'' cartoon strips.

==Early life and education== Cross was the third son born to English-born parents, Theophilus Edwin Cross, builder and architect,<ref name="La Trobe">{{Cite web|url=http://www3.slv.vic.gov.au/latrobejournal/issue/latrobe-65/t1-g-t7.html|publisher=La Trobe University|title=Stan Cross and Smith's Weekly|work=The La Trobe Journal|year=2000|last=Lindesay|first=Vane|accessdate=24 October 2011}}</ref> and his wife Florence, née Stanbrough,<ref name="ADB">{{Cite web|url=https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/cross-stanley-george-9871|title=Cross, Stanley George (1888–1977)|publisher=Australian National University|work=Australian Dictionary of Biography|last=Kemsley|first=James|year=1993|access-date=24 October 2011}}</ref> who met in Brisbane, married in Sydney then sought their fortune in the United States. His father hoped to make money there but only found work as a carpenter (he became secretary of the American Carpenters' Union).<ref name="DAAO">{{Cite web|url=http://www.daao.org.au/bio/stan-cross/#artist_biography|title=Stan Cross|publisher=Design & Art Australia Online|last=Kerr|first=Joan|year=1996|accessdate=25 October 2011}}</ref> Cross was born on 3 December 1888 in Los Angeles, California. The family returned to Australia in 1892<ref name="Ryan">{{Cite book|title=Panel By Panel: an Illustrated History of Australian Comics|author=John Ryan|publisher=Cassell|year=1979|pages=18–24|isbn=0-7269-7376-9}}</ref> when Stan was four years old and settled in Perth, Western Australia.

Cross was a gifted student who attended Perth High School on a scholarship.<ref name="La Trobe"/> The University of Adelaide offered him a scholarship but Cross turned it down due to his father's ill-health.<ref name="ADB"/>

==Early career and London== He left school at sixteen and joined the State Government Railways Department as a clerical cadet.<ref name="Ryan"/> He studied art for a number of years during the evenings at Perth Technical School. In 1912, at the age of twenty four, he resigned<ref name="La Trobe"/> from his job and, with the financial assistance of his brother, travelled to London to study at Saint Martin's School of Art.<ref>Lindesay, Vane ''The Inked-In Image'' Heinemann, Melbourne 1970 {{ISBN|0-09-135460-9}}</ref> During that time, some of his cartoons were accepted by ''Punch''.<ref name="DAAO"/><ref name="Ryan"/> Before sailing for England, he twice exhibited his paintings and pen-and-ink works, the first time in the West Australian Society of Arts 1913 Annual Exhibition, and the second in March 1914, with another Perth artist, Michael McKinlay.<ref name="La Trobe"/>

==Return to Australia, Smith's Weekly== On returning to Perth, Cross contributed freelance drawings to the ''Western Mail'' and ''The Sunday Times'',<ref name="Ryan"/> and while working as a railways draftsman in 1918, he was offered a job by Ernie Brewer of ''Smith's Weekly'' at £5 a week. Cross accepted the position and moved to Sydney in 1919.<ref name="La Trobe"/> On 31 July 1920, Cross's first comic strip, ''The Man Who Waited'', was published in ''Smith's Weekly''. That was followed in the next week by the first episode of ''You & Me''. Originally a satire, featuring the characters "Mr Pott" and "Whalesteeth", designed as a means of offering political comment, it was quickly converted into a domestic humour strip. Cross continued to draw the weekly strip for nineteen years until he left Smith's in late December 1939. The strip was taken over by Jim Russell in 1940 and renamed to ''Mr & Mrs Potts''.<ref name="Ryan"/>

In 1928, Cross began another strip in ''Smith's Weekly'', ''Smith's Vaudevillans'', introducing the mis-matched characters of "Rhubarb", an alcoholic sailor, and "Norman", a fop who played the straight man to his drunken partner.<ref name="Ryan"/> Another Stan Cross success was the first "Dad and Dave" cartoons, also for ''Smith's Weekly''.<ref>Blaikie, George ''Remember Smith's Weekly'' Angus & Robertson, London 1967</ref> The strip was a straight adaptation of the radio serial, which commenced in 1936, and ran for 2,276 episodes before finishing in 1951.

During his time at ''Smith's Weekly'', Cross established a reputation as a skilled draftsman, particularly in the area of single-panel cartoons.<ref name="Ryan"/> In the 29 July 1933 issue of ''Smith's Weekly'', a Cross cartoon featured two men who had been working on top of a building construction. There has been a mishap, and now one is hanging by his fingers from a girder at a frightening height over a street. His mate, to save himself, has grabbed the trousers of the other, yanking them down over his ankles and, looking directly upwards, is convulsed with laughter, while the other implores: "For gorsake, stop laughing: this is serious!".<ref name="La Trobe"/> Editor Frank Marien immediately dubbed it "The Funniest Drawing in the World". Such was the popularity of the cartoon that it was reprinted on a quality paper and distributed throughout Australia, with many also being sent overseas. All through the Depression years, and after, the prints, costing two shillings and sixpence, were framed and hung on walls in work-places, hotel bars, barbers' shops, and even in some shop windows.<ref name="La Trobe"/>

Cross became ''Smith's Weekly'''s highest-paid artist and second art editor. Short-run series he devised included: ''Things That Make Stan Cross'' (political and economic criticism), ''Places We Have Never Visited'' (law courts, Parliament, the players' room at a test cricket match, etc.), ''Museum of the Future'' and ''Firsts in Australian History'' (the first barmaid, the first strike, the first football match).<ref name="DAAO"/>

==The Herald== Towards the end of 1939, ''Smith's Weekly'' was in financial trouble and Cross was induced by Keith Murdoch to join the Melbourne ''Herald''. Capitalising on his reputation as a comic strip artist, Cross was asked to create a newly daily strip, and he started his most popular strip, ''The Winks'' on 20 April 1940.<ref name="Ryan"/> For the first three months, the strip employed a domestic comedy theme and was basically a toned down version of ''You & Me''. The characters "Mr Wink" reflected the role of Mr Potts, while the tall, thin, long-faced character was similar to "Whalesteeth". In the initial stages, the characters were given their own weekly strip, ''Tidley Winks & Wally''.<ref name="Ryan"/> ''The Winks'' was only moderately popular until Cross decided to change the strip's direction and take the main characters into the Army. Mr Winks became Major Winks on 15 July 1940 and the strip was renamed ''Wally and the Major''.<ref name="Ryan"/> Over the next thirty years in newspapers throughout Australia, New Zealand and Fiji, and in eighteen annual comic books (c.1943–60), readers were able to enjoy the extraordinary, knock-about adventures and lifestyle of Private Wally Higgins, Major Winks, Pudden Bensen, and a company of comedy players—in the army in World War II and, afterwards, on their North Queensland sugarcane plantation.<ref name="ADB"/> He continued to produce the strip until failing eyesight forced him to get help with the drawings early in 1970. Carl Lyon started to ink in Cross's pencil drawings.<ref name="ACA">{{Cite web|url=http://cartoonists.org.au/?page=225|title=Australian Cartoonist Hall of Fame|publisher=Australian Cartoonists' Association|accessdate=25 October 2011}}</ref> and Lyon eventually took over all the drawing, with Cross writing the stories, and took over completely when Cross retired later that year.<ref name="ADB"/>

==Organisational affiliations== Cross was a foundation member of the Black and White Artists Society (later Club), Sydney, and served as president from 1931 to 1954.<ref name="DAAO"/><ref name="ACA"/> Their annual trophy "The Stanley" was named for him, with the award taking the shape of the figures in his classic cartoon, "For gorsake, stop laughing: this is serious".<ref name="ACA2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cartoonists.org.au/?page=214|title=History of the ACA|publisher=Australian Cartoonists' Association|accessdate=24 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/austn-political-cartooning|title=Australian political cartooning – a rich tradition|publisher=Australian Government|accessdate=24 October 2011}}</ref>

==Other activities and personal life== Cross also wrote books on accountancy, economics and English grammar,<ref name="ACA"/> and treatises on soil conservation. He painted watercolours and there is some speculation that Cross and George Finey held the first exhibition at David Jones Art Gallery.<ref name="DAAO"/> On 17 November 1924, Cross married a 25-year-old clerk Jessie May Hamilton (died 1972) at the Waverley Methodist Church in Bondi Junction.<ref name="ADB"/> In 1970, he retired from the Melbourne Herald and joined his family at Armidale, New South Wales, where he died on 16 June 1977 at the age of eighty-eight.<ref name="ADB"/> The epitaph on his tombstone reads, "Stop laughing, this is serious".<ref name="DAAO"/>

==References== {{Reflist}}

==Sources== * [http://nla.gov.au/nla.cat-vn509656 Conversation with Stan Cross] (sound recording) / as interviewed by Hazel de Berg, 18 August 1969, National Library of Australia * ''[http://nla.gov.au/nla.cat-vn2082499 ACE biographical portraits: the artists behind the comic book characters: the Australian comic book exhibition, Australian comics 1930s–1990s, touring Australia during 1995/96]'' / edited by Annette Shiell and Ingrid Unger (1994, {{ISBN|0-7326-0829-5}}) * ''[http://nla.gov.au/nla.cat-vn368575 Australian humour in pen and ink]'' / Stan Cross (1921) * ''[http://nla.gov.au/nla.cat-vn1567334 Golden years of cartooning 1920–1940: Stan Cross and 23 other artists whose work appeared in Smith's Weekly]'' / Brenda Rainbow (1998, {{ISBN|0-9586271-0-X}}) * ''[http://nla.gov.au/nla.cat-vn2684599 Stop laughing, this is serious!: the life and work of Stan Cross, 1888–1977]'' / Vane Lindesay (2001, {{ISBN|0-522-84980-6}}) * ''[http://nla.gov.au/nla.cat-vn658362 Wally and the Major]'' / Stan Cross * ''[http://nla.gov.au/nla.cat-vn80584 John Ryan collection of Australian comic books, ca. 1940–1960]'' (manuscript)

==External links== * [http://nla.gov.au/nla.pic-vn3312886 Stan Cross Archive of cartoons and drawings, 1912–1974], 4937 drawings, 71 photographs ** [https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-158793567/view ''For gorsake, stop laughing - this is serious!''] * [http://nla.gov.au/nla.cat-vn3548127 Papers of Stan Cross, circa 1880-circa 1989], 1.50m (6 boxes) + 1 fol. box * [http://www.naa.gov.au Original cartoons of R G Casey by Stan Cross in the Papers of R G Casey (NAA: M1617), National Archives of Australia] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050915155840/http://www.lambiek.net/cross_stan.htm Lambiek.net – Stan Cross] * [http://nla.gov.au/nla.pic-vn3423839 Carl Lyon – Wally and the Major cartoons for The Herald and Weekly Times] – held and digitised by the National Library of Australia

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cross, Stan}} Category:1888 births Category:1977 deaths Category:Australian comics artists Category:Australian editorial cartoonists Category:Australian comic strip cartoonists Category:Alumni of Saint Martin's School of Art Category:20th-century Australian artists