Sphagnurus

{{Short description|Genus of fungi}} {{Automatic_taxobox | taxon = Sphagnurus | authority = Redhead & V. Hofstetter (2014) | type_species = ''Sphagnurus paluster'' | type_species_authority = (Peck) Redhead & V. Hofstetter (2014) | synonyms = * ''Agaricus paluster'' Peck (1872) * ''Bryophyllum palustre'' (Peck) Vizzini (2014) * ''Collybia palustris'' (Peck) A.H. Smith (1936) * ''Lyophyllum palustre'' (Peck) Singer (1943) * ''Mycena palustris'' (Peck) Sacc. (1887) * ''Tephrocybe palustris'' (Peck) Donk (1962) * ''Tephrophana palustris'' (Peck) Kühner (1938) }}

'''''Sphagnurus''''' is a parasitic mushroom genus in the family Lyophyllaceae<ref name="Hofstetter et al 2014"/><ref name="Belanger_et_al_2015"/> that creates conspicuous dead patches on peat moss (''Sphagnum'') in bogs.<ref name="Redhead 1981"/><ref name="Untiedt and Mueller 1985"/><ref name="Simon 1987"/> The genus contains one species known to inhabit Eurasia and North America.<ref name="Hofstetter et al 2014"/><ref name="Redhead 2014"/> Phylogenetically the genus is closest to, but is isolated from species now classified in the genus ''Sagaranella''<ref name="Hofstetter et al 2014"/><ref name="Belanger_et_al_2015"/><ref name="Moncalvo2002"/><ref name="Hofstetter et al 2002"/> Prior to molecular analyses, the most recent classification put it in the genus ''Tephrocybe'', but that genus is allied to ''Termitomyces''.<ref name="Hofstetter et al 2014"/><ref name="Belanger_et_al_2015"/>

''Sphagnurus paluster'', the single species in the genus is pale grey and has a mycenoid stature (i.e. has a conical pileus, a narrow elongated stipe and lacks an annulus or volva). Its basidiospores are nonamyloid and smooth. It lacks cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia. Clamp connections are present.<ref name="Hofstetter et al 2014"/>

== Etymology ==

The name ''Sphagnurus'' is supposed to be derived from the name of its host ''Sphagnum'' and Latin ''-urus'', meaning “tail".<ref name="Hofstetter et al 2014"/> The ancient Greek word οὐρά however means “tail".<ref>Liddell, H.G. & Scott, R. (1940). ''A Greek-English Lexicon. revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones. with the assistance of. Roderick McKenzie.'' Oxford: Clarendon Press.</ref>

==See also== * List of Agaricales genera

==References== {{Reflist|refs=

<ref name="Moncalvo2002">{{cite journal |vauthors=Moncalvo JM, Vilgalys R, Redhead SA, Johnson JE, James TY, Catherine Aime M, Hofstetter V, Verduin SJ, Larsson E, Baroni TJ, Greg Thorn R, Jacobsson S, Clémençon H, Miller OK |title=One hundred and seventeen clades of euagarics |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=357–400 |year=2002 |pmid=12099793 |doi=10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00027-1 |url=http://www.umich.edu/~mycology/publications_assets/moncalvo.mpe.2002.pdf |format=PDF}}</ref>

<ref name="Hofstetter et al 2014">{{cite journal|last1=Hofstetter|first1=Valérie|last2=Redhead|first2=Scott Alan|last3=Kauff|first3=Frank|last4=Moncalvo|first4=Jean-Marc|last5=Matheny|first5=Patrick Brandon|last6=Vilgalys|first6=Rytas|title=Taxonomic Revision and Examination of Ecological Transitions of the Lyophyllaceae (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) Based on a Multigene Phylogeny|journal=Cryptogamie, Mycologie|date=2014|volume=35|issue=4|pages=399–425|doi=10.7872/crym.v35.iss4.2014.399|url=http://www.bio.utk.edu/matheny/Site/Publications_files/Hofstetter_Lyophyllaceae_2014.CM.pdf}}</ref>

<ref name="Hofstetter et al 2002">{{cite journal |author=Hofstetter, V. |author2=Vilgalys, R. |author3=Moncalvo, J.-M. |title=Phylogenetic analyses of the Lyophyllaceae (Agaricales, Basidiomycetes) based on nuclear and mitochondrial rDNA sequences| journal=Mycological Research |year=2002|volume=106 |issue=9 |pages=1043–1059|url=http://sites.biology.duke.edu/fungi/mycolab/publications/hofstetter2002.pdf|doi=10.1017/S095375620200641X}}</ref>

<ref name="Redhead 2014">{{cite journal |author=Redhead, S.A. |title=Nomenclatural novelties |journal=Index Fungorum |year=2014 |volume=202 |pages=1|url=http://www.indexfungorum.org/Publications/Index%20Fungorum%20no.202.pdf}}</ref>

<ref name="Redhead 1981">{{cite journal |author=Redhead, S.A. |title=Parasitism of bryophytes by agarics|year=1981 | journal=Canadian Journal of Botany|volume=59|pages=63–67|doi=10.1139/b81-011}}</ref>

<ref name="Simon 1987">{{cite journal |author=Simon, E. |title=''Lyophyllum palustre'', a parasite on ''Sphagnum''|year=1987 | journal=Acta Biologica Hungarica |volume=35|pages=165–174}}</ref>

<ref name="Untiedt and Mueller 1985">{{cite journal |author=Untiedt, E. |author2=Mueller, K. |title=Colonization of ''Sphagnum'' cells by ''Lyophyllum palustre'' |year=1985 | journal=Canadian Journal of Botany |volume=63|pages=757–761|doi=10.1139/b85-095}}</ref>

<ref name="Belanger_et_al_2015">{{cite journal |author=Bellanger, J.-M. |author2=Moreau, P.-A. |author3=Corriol, G. |author4=Bidaud, A. |author5=Chalange, R. |author6=Dudova, Z. |author7=Richard, F. |title=Plunging hands into the mushroom jar: a phylogenetic framework for Lyophyllaceae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota)|year=2015 | journal=Genetica |volume=143|doi=10.1007/s10709-015-9823-8 |pmid=25652231 |pages=169–94}}</ref>

}}

==External links== * [http://www.sanamyan.com/fungi/sphagnurus_paluster.php ''Sphagnurus paluster''] * [http://svampe.dk/soeg/index.php?AtlasRecID=TS2014-671356 ''Sphagnurus paluster'']

Category:Lyophyllaceae Category:Monotypic Agaricales genera