Lyophyllaceae

{{Short description|Family of fungi}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Lyophyllum decastes 071012.jpg | image_caption = ''Lyophyllum decastes'', also known as the 'fried chicken mushroom' (Not to be confused with chicken of the woods) | taxon = Lyophyllaceae | authority = Jülich (1981) | type_genus = ''Lyophyllum'' | type_genus_authority = P.Karst. (1881) | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision = ''Arthromyces'' ''Asterophora'' ''Blastosporella'' ''Caesposus'' ''Calocybe'' ''Gerhardtia'' ''Hypsizygus'' ''Lyophyllopsis'' ''Lyophyllum'' ''Myochromella'' ''Ossicaulis'' ''Rugosomyces'' ''Sagaranella'' ''Sphagnurus'' ''Tephrocybe'' ''Termitomyces'' ''Termitosphaera'' ''Tricholomella'' }}

The '''Lyophyllaceae''' is a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. A 2008 estimate indicated eight genera and 157 species;<ref name="Kirk 2008"/> {{as of|2014|11|lc=y}}, the Catalog of Life lists 13 genera in the family.<ref name="urlCoL"/> The taxon was originally circumscribed in 1938 by mycologist Robert Kühner as the tribe Lyophylleae (in the family Tricholomataceae),<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kühner |first=Robert |date=1938 |title=Utilisation du carmin acétique dans la classification des Agarics leucosporés |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/linly_0366-1326_1938_num_7_7_9364 |journal=Bulletin mensuel de la Société linnéenne de Lyon |language=fr |volume=7 |issue=7 |pages=204–211 |doi=10.3406/linly.1938.9364}}</ref> but raised to the taxonomic rank of family and renamed the Lyophyllaceae by Walter Jülich in 1981.<ref name="Jülich 1981"/><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Vizzini |first=A |last2=Alvarado |first2=P |last3=Consiglio |first3=G |last4=Marchetti |first4=M |last5=Xu |first5=J |date=2024 |title=Family matters inside the order Agaricales: Systematic reorganization and classification of ‘’incertae sedis’’ clitocyboid, pleurotoid and tricholomatoid taxa based on an updated 6-gene phylogeny |url=https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/wfbi/sim/2024/00000107/00000001/art00003 |journal=Studies in Mycology |language=en |volume=107 |issue=1 |pages=67–148 |doi=10.3114/sim.2024.107.02 |pmid=38600959|pmc=11003440 }}</ref>

Some species are popular as edible fungi, such as the brown beech mushroom ''Hypsizygus tessulatus'', the St. George's mushroom ''Calocybe gambosa'', and ''Lyophyllum shimeji''.

== Taxonomy == ''Leucocybe'', ''Atractosporocybe,'' and ''Rhizocybe'' are genera that were segregated from ''Clitocybe'' based on molecular phylogenetic studies that found that these clades were more closely related to the families Lyophyllaceae and Entolomataceae than to ''Clitocybe'' proper.<ref name="Alvaradoetal2015">{{cite journal |vauthors=Alvarado P, Moreno G, Vizzini A, Consiglio G, Manjón JL, Setti L |year=2015 |title=''Atractosporocybe'', ''Leucocybe'' and ''Rhizocybe'', three new clitocyboid genera in the Tricholomatoid clade (Agaricales) with notes on ''Clitocybe'' and ''Lepista'' |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282709864_Atractosporocybe_Leucocybe_and_Rhizocybe_Three_new_clitocyboid_genera_in_the_tricholomatoid_clade_Agaricales_with_notes_on_Clitocybe_and_Lepis |journal=Mycologia |volume=107 |issue=1 |pages=123–36 |doi=10.3852/13-369 |hdl=2318/152676 |pmid=25344261 |s2cid=22901826 |hdl-access=free |accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hofstetter |first=Valérie |last2=Redhead |first2=Scott Alan |last3=Kauff |first3=Frank |last4=Moncalvo |first4=Jean-Marc |last5=Matheny |first5=Patrick Brandon |last6=Vilgalys |first6=Rytas |date=2014 |title=Taxonomic revision and examination of ecological transitions of the Lyophyllaceae (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) based on a multigene phylogeny |url=https://mathenylab.utk.edu/Site/Publications_files/Hofstetter_Lyophyllaceae_2014.CM.pdf |journal=Cryptogamie Mycologie |language=fr |volume=35 |issue=4 |pages=399–425 |doi=10.7872/crym.v35.iss4.2014.399}}</ref> Subsequent studies have found that these genera, along with ''Hypsizygus'', are part of a larger clade that forms a sister group to the family Lyophyllaceae. This clade together, with the core Lyophyllaceae clade, are often designated Lyophyllaceae ''sensu lato'' in (as of 2025) current mycological literature. Lyophyllaceae ''sensu lato'' in turn is a sister group to the Entolomataceae.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Alvarado |first=Pablo |last2=Moreau |first2=Pierre-Arthur |last3=Dima |first3=Bálint |last4=Vizzini |first4=Alfredo |last5=Consiglio |first5=Giovanni |last6=Moreno |first6=Gabriel |last7=Setti |first7=Ledo |last8=Kekki |first8=Tapio |last9=Huhtinen |first9=Seppo |last10=Liimatainen |first10=Kare |last11=Niskanen |first11=Tuula |date=2018 |title=Pseudoclitocybaceae fam. nov. (Agaricales, Tricholomatineae), a new arrangement at family, genus and species level |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324742309_Pseudoclitocybaceae_fam_nov_Agaricales_Tricholomatineae_a_new_arrangement_at_family_genus_and_species_level |journal=Fungal Diversity |language=en |volume=90 |issue=1 |pages=109–133 |doi=10.1007/s13225-018-0400-1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=He |first=Zheng-Mi |last2=Chen |first2=Zuo-Hong |last3=Bau |first3=Tolgor |last4=Wang |first4=Geng-Shen |last5=Yang |first5=Zhu L |date=2023 |title=Systematic arrangement within the family Clitocybaceae (Tricholomatineae, Agaricales): phylogenetic and phylogenomic evidence, morphological data and muscarine-producing innovation |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/375959665_Systematic_arrangement_within_the_family_Clitocybaceae_Tricholomatineae_Agaricales_phylogenetic_and_phylogenomic_evidence_morphological_data_and_muscarine-producing_innovation |journal=Fungal Diversity |language=en |volume=123 |issue=1 |pages=1–47 |doi=10.1007/s13225-023-00527-2}}</ref>

==Genera== The family currently includes the following clades and genera:

=== Lyophyllaceae ''sensu stricto'' ===

* ''Asterophora'' * ''Blastosporella'' * ''Calocybe'' * ''Calocybella'' * ''Gerhardtia'' * ''Lyophyllopsis'' * ''Lyophyllum'' * ''Myochromella'' * ''Ossicaulis'' * ''Rugosomyces'' * ''Sagaranella'' * ''Tephrocybe'' * ''Tephrocybella'' * ''Termitomyces'' * ''Termitosphaera''

=== Lyophyllaceae ''sensu lato'' ===

* ''Atractosporocybe'' * ''Hypsizygus'' * ''Leucocybe'' * ''Rhizocybe'' * ''Trichocybe''

==See also== *List of Agaricales families

==References== {{Reflist|refs=

<ref name="Jülich 1981">{{cite book |author=Jülich W. |title=Higher taxa of Basidiomycetes |series= Bibliotheca Mycologica |date=1981 |publisher=Cramer |volume=85 |page=378 |isbn=978-3768213240}}</ref>

<ref name="Kirk 2008">{{cite book |vauthors=Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA |title=Dictionary of the Fungi |edition=10th |publisher=CAB International |location=Wallingford, UK |year=2008 |page=395 |isbn=978-0-85199-826-8}}</ref>

<ref name="urlCoL">{{cite web |title=Search for: "Lyophyllaceae" |url=http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/browse/tree/id/20072448 |work=Catalog of Life |date=24 November 2014 |publisher=Species 2000 and Integrated Taxonomic Information System |accessdate=2014-11-28 |archive-date=2019-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524025037/http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/browse/tree/id/20072448 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

}}

==External links== *{{cite web |title=''Lyophyllaceae'' Jülich, 1982 |work=Atlas of Living Australia |url=https://bie.ala.org.au/species/NZOR-4-74716 |access-date=2018-03-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312205259/https://bie.ala.org.au/species/NZOR-4-74716 |archive-date=2018-03-12 |url-status=dead }}

Category:Lyophyllaceae Category:Agaricales families Category:Taxa named by Walter Jülich Category:Taxa described in 1981