Spectrolebias

{{Short description|Genus of fishes}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Specrolebias costae (10.3897-zse.94.28085) Figure 3.jpg | taxon = Spectrolebias | authority = W. J. E. M. Costa & D. T. B. Nielsen, 1997 | type_species = ''Spectrolebias semiocellatus'' | type_species_authority = Costa & Nielsen, 1997<ref name = CofF>{{Cof record|genid=10440|title=''Spectrolebias''|access-date=16 September 2019}}</ref> }}

'''''Spectrolebias''''' is a genus of killifish in the family Rivulidae. These annual killifish are endemic to seasonal waters (like pools) in the Paraguay, Tocantins–Araguaia, Xingu and Mamoré–Grande basins in Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay.<ref name=Nielsen2015>Nielsen, D.T.B. & Pillet, D. (2015): ''Spectrolebias bellidoi'', a new annual fish (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae: Cynolebiatinae) from the upper Río Grande basin, Amazon basin, Bolivia. ''aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology, 21 (4): 180-187.''</ref><ref name=Nielsen2013a>{{cite journal |last1=Nielsen |first1=D.T.B. |title=''Spectrolebias brousseaui'' (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae: Cynolebiatinae), a new annual fish from the upper río Mamoré basin, Bolivia |journal=Neotropical Ichthyology |date=2013 |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=81–84 |doi=10.1590/S1679-62252013000100009|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=Nielsen2013b>Nielsen, D.T.B. & Brousseau, R. (2013): ''Spectrolebias pilleti'', a new annual Killifish (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae: Cynolebiatinae) from the upper río Mamoré basin, Bolivia. ''aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology, 19 (3): 115-122.''</ref> Each species generally has a small distribution and some are seriously threatened by habitat loss; the entire known range of ''S. reticulatus'' is in the area flooded by the Belo Monte Dam.<ref name=Nielsen2014>{{cite journal | author1=Nielsen, D.T.B. | author2=M. Martins | author3=R. Britzke | year=2014 | title=Description of a new species of annual fish, Maratecoara gesmonei (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from the rio Xingu system, Amazon basin, Brazil | journal=Aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology | volume=20 | issue=2 | pages=87–96 }}</ref>

They are small fish, up to {{cvt|6|cm}} in total length.<ref name=FishBase>{{FishBase genus | genus=Spectrolebias | month=November | year=2018 }}</ref> As typical of killifish, males are more colorful than females.<ref name=Nielsen2015/><ref name=Nielsen2013a/><ref name=Nielsen2013b/>

==Species== ''Spectrolebias'' was formerly regarded as a subgenus of ''Simpsonichthys''.<ref name=Costa2010>{{cite journal | author=Costa, W.J.E.M. | year=2010 | title=Historical biogeography of cynolebiasine annual killifishes inferred from dispersal–vicariance analysis | journal=Journal of Biogeography | volume=37 | issue=10 | pages=1995–2004 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02339.x | bibcode=2010JBiog..37.1995C | s2cid=86190659 }}</ref><ref name=Costa2016>{{cite journal | author=Costa, W.J.E.M. | year=2016 | title=Comparative morphology and classification of South American cynopoeciline killifishes (Cyprinodontiformes: Aplocheilidae), with notes on family-group names used for aplocheiloids | journal=Vertebrate Zoology | volume=66 | issue=2 | pages=125–140 | doi=10.3897/vz.66.e31538 | doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=Loureiro2018>{{cite journal | author1=Loureiro, M. | author2=R. De Sá | author3=S.W. Serra | author4=F. Alonso | author5=L.E.K. Lanés | author6=M.V. Volcan | author7=P. Calviño | author8=D. Nielsen | author9=A. Duarte | author10=G. Garcia | year=2018 | title=Review of the family Rivulidae (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheiloidei) and a molecular and morphological phylogeny of the annual fish genus Austrolebias Costa 1998 | journal=Neotropical Ichthyology | volume=16 | issue=3 | article-number=e180007 | doi=10.1590/1982-0224-20180007 | doi-access=free | hdl=20.500.12008/26301 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> Although this split is generally accepted, a genetic study indicates that ''Spectrolebias'' is not monophyletic.<ref name=Ponzetto2016>{{cite journal | author1=Ponzetto, J.M. | author2=R. Britzke | author3=D.T.B. Nielsen | author4=P.P. Parise-Maltempi | author5=A.L. Alves | year=2016 | title=Phylogenetic relationships of Simpsonichthys subgenera (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae), including a proposal for a new genus | journal=Zoologica Scripta | volume=45 | issue=4 | pages=394–406 | doi=10.1111/zsc.12159 | s2cid=86027315 }}</ref>

There are currently 9 recognized species in ''Spectrolebias'':<ref name=FishBase/>

* ''Spectrolebias bellidoi'' D. T. B. Nielsen & Pillet, 2015<ref name=Nielsen2015/> * ''Spectrolebias brousseaui'' D. T. B. Nielsen, 2013<ref name=Nielsen2013a/> * ''Spectrolebias chacoensis'' (L. H. Amato, 1986) * ''Spectrolebias costai'' (Lazara, 1991) * ''Spectrolebias filamentosus'' (W. J. E. M. Costa, Barrera & Sarmiento, 1997) * ''Spectrolebias inaequipinnatus'' (W. J. E. M. Costa & G. C. Brasil, 2008) * ''Spectrolebias pilleti'' D. T. B. Nielsen & Brousseau, 2013<ref name=Nielsen2013b/> * ''Spectrolebias reticulatus'' (W. J. E. M. Costa & D. T. B. Nielsen, 2003) * ''Spectrolebias semiocellatus'' W. J. E. M. Costa & D. T. B. Nielsen, 1997

==References== {{Reflist}}

Category:Rivulidae Category:Freshwater fish genera