Sophronia may refer to:
People
- Sophronia (given name)
- Sophronia Bucklin (1828–1902), American Civil War nurse
- Sophronia Woodruff Dews, co-founder of Alpha Delta Pi sorority
- Sophronia Farrington Naylor Grubb (1834–1902), American activist
- Sophronia Smith (1803–1876), member of the Smith family (Latter Day Saints)
- Sophronia Wilson Wagoner (1834–1929), pioneer missionary and leader in social work
Fictional characters
- Sofronia/Sophronia, character in Torquato Tasso's 16th century epic poem Jerusalem Delivered
- Sophronia Lammle (née Akershem), character in Charles Dickens's 1865 novel Our Mutual Friend
Other uses
- Cattleya syn. Sophronia, a genus of orchid
- Sophronia (moth), a genus of moth
- USS Sophronia (1861)