Shemakha uezd

{{italic title|string=uezd}} {{Infobox settlement | area_total_km2 = 7,540.79 | established_date = 1840 | established_title = Established | extinct_date = 1929 | extinct_title = Abolished | image_map = Shemakha Uyezd of Baku Governorate.png | image_shield = Baku gub coa n655.png | map_caption = Location in the Baku Governorate | mapsize = 220px | name = Shemakha ''uezd'' | native_name = Шемахинский уезд | native_name_lang = ru | population_as_of = 1916 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_rural = 82.82% | population_total = 161,552 | population_urban = 17.18% | seat = Shemakha<br>(present-day Shamakhi) | seat_type = Capital | settlement_type = ''Uezd'' | subdivision_name = Russian Empire | subdivision_name1 = Caucasus | subdivision_name2 = Baku | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_type1 = Viceroyalty | subdivision_type2 = Governorate | total_type = Total }}

The '''Shemakha ''uezd'''''{{efn|{{bulletedlist|{{langx|ru|Шемахинский уезд}}, {{langx|ru|label=<small>pre-reform orthography</small>|Шемахинскій уѣздъ|translit=Shemakhinskiy uyezd}} {{IPA|ru|ʂɨməxʲɪnskʲɪj ʊ(j)ɪst|}}|{{Langx|azb-Arab|شماخی قضاسی|translit=Şamāxı qaz̤āsı|translit-std=ALA-LC|label=Azerbaijani}}}}}} was a county (''uezd'') within the Baku Governorate of the Russian Empire, and then of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and Azerbaijan SSR until its formal abolishment in 1929. The county was located in the central part of the Baku Governorate, bordering the Javad uezd to the south, Baku uezd to the east, Geokchay uezd to the west and Kuba uezd to the north.{{sfn|Tsutsiev|2014|p=59}} The administrative centre of the county was the city of Shemakha (present-day Shamakhi).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://files.preslib.az/projects/azerbaijan/eng/gl2.pdf |title=Administrative Territorial Division |website=preslib.az |page=119}}</ref>

== Administrative divisions == The prefectures ({{Langx|ru|участки|translit=uchastki|label=none}}) of the Shemakha ''uezd'' in 1917 were as follows:{{sfn|Кавказский календарь на 1917 год|pp=2–22}}{{sfn|Кавказский календарь на 1913 год|pp=140–143}} {| class="wikitable sortable" !Name !Administrative centre !1912 population !Area |- |''Abdulyanskiy'' prefecture ({{Lang|ru|Абдульянский участок}}) |Chernovodsk | align="right" |28,814 |{{Convert|2055.28|verst2|km2 mi2|lk=on}} |- |''Kabristanskiy'' prefecture ({{Lang|ru|Кабристанский участок}}) |Marazy (Gobustan) | align="right" |45,726 |{{Convert|3121.22|verst2|km2 mi2|lk=on}} |- |''Koshunskiy'' prefecture ({{Lang|ru|Кошунский участок}}) |Shemakha (Shamakhi) | align="right" |53,734 |{{Convert|1449.49|verst2|km2 mi2|lk=on}} |}

==History== The county was established in 1840 and was initially made part of the Caspian Oblast, and later became the capital of the Shemakha Governorate in 1846. But due to an earthquake in 1859, the city and most of the county suffered great damage. Subsequently, capital of the Shemakha Governorate was moved from Shemakha to Baku and the governorate was renamed Baku Governorate.<ref>Документы по истории Баку. 1810—1917. — Баку, 1978, с. 69</ref>

==Demographics==

=== Russian Empire Census === According to the Russian Empire Census, the Shemakha ''uezd'' had a population of 121,842 on {{OldStyleDate|28 January|1897|15 January}}, including 64,732 men and 57,110 women. The majority of the population indicated Tatar{{Caucasian Tatars}} to be their mother tongue, with significant Armenian, Russian, and Tat speaking minorities.<ref name=":0">{{cite news | title=Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г. Распределение населения по родному языку и уездам Российской Империи кроме губерний Европейской России|publisher=Демоскоп| url=http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/emp_lan_97_uezd.php?reg=337| language=ru}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Linguistic composition of the Shemakha ''uezd'' in 1897<ref name=":0" /> !Language !Native speakers !% |- |Tatar{{efn|name=Caucasian Tatars}} | align="right" |89,840 | align="right" |73.73 |- |Armenian | align="right" |14,283 | align="right" |11.72 |- |Russian | align="right" |11,275 | align="right" |9.25 |- |Tat | align="right" |4,517 | align="right" |3.71 |- |Jewish | align="right" |1,104 | align="right" |0.91 |- |Persian | align="right" |149 | align="right" |0.12 |- |Lithuanian | align="right" |143 | align="right" |0.12 |- |Avar-Andean | align="right" |126 | align="right" |0.10 |- |Polish | align="right" |101 | align="right" |0.08 |- |Ukrainian | align="right" |86 | align="right" |0.07 |- |Kyurin | align="right" |73 | align="right" |0.06 |- |Kazi-Kumukh | align="right" |62 | align="right" |0.05 |- |Georgian | align="right" |49 | align="right" |0.04 |- |German | align="right" |13 | align="right" |0.01 |- |Turkish | align="right" |9 | align="right" |0.01 |- |Mordovian | align="right" |2 | align="right" |0.00 |- |Belarusian | align="right" |1 | align="right" |0.00 |- |Greek | align="right" |1 | align="right" |0.00 |- |Other | align="right" |8 | align="right" |0.01 |- !TOTAL !121,842 !100.00 |}

=== ''Kavkazskiy kalendar'' === According to the 1917 publication of ''Kavkazskiy kalendar'', the Shemakha ''uezd'' had a population of 161,552 on {{OldStyleDate|14 January|1916|1 January}}, including 86,659 men and 74,893 women, 159,621 of whom were the permanent population, and 1,931 were temporary residents:{{sfn|Кавказский календарь на 1917 год|pp=178–181}} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! rowspan="2" |Nationality ! colspan="2" |Urban ! colspan="2" |Rural ! colspan="2" |TOTAL |- !Number !% !Number !% !Number !% |- |Sunni Muslims{{Efn|Primarily Turco-Tatars.{{sfn|Hovannisian|1971|p=67}}}} | align="right" |8,605 | align="right" |31.01 | align="right" |68,569 | align="right" |51.25 | align="right" |77,174 | align="right" |47.77 |- |Shia Muslims{{Efn|Primarily Tatars.{{sfn|Hovannisian|1971|p=67}}}} | align="right" |12,522 | align="right" |45.12 | align="right" |28,010 | align="right" |20.93 | align="right" |40,532 | align="right" |25.09 |- |Armenians | align="right" |4,534 | align="right" |16.34 | align="right" |17,816 | align="right" |13.32 | align="right" |22,350 | align="right" |13.83 |- |Russians | align="right" |1,737 | align="right" |6.26 | align="right" |17,656 | align="right" |13.20 | align="right" |19,393 | align="right" |12.00 |- |Jews | align="right" |136 | align="right" |0.49 | align="right" |1,305 | align="right" |0.98 | align="right" |1,441 | align="right" |0.89 |- |North Caucasians | align="right" |214 | align="right" |0.77 | align="right" |303 | align="right" |0.23 | align="right" |517 | align="right" |0.32 |- |Asiatic Christians | align="right" |0 | align="right" |0.00 | align="right" |139 | align="right" |0.10 | align="right" |139 | align="right" |0.09 |- |Other Europeans | align="right" |4 | align="right" |0.01 | align="right" |2 | align="right" |0.00 | align="right" |6 | align="right" |0.00 |- !TOTAL !27,752 !100.00 !133,800 !100.00 !161,552 !100.00 |}

=== Soviet census (1926) === In 1926, the population of the county declined to 91,185.<ref name="auto">{{cite web |url=http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/ussr_26_b.php?reg=75 |title=Population of Shamakhi Uyezd |website=Demoskop Weekly}}</ref>

==See also== * Shirvan Khanate

== Notes == {{Notelist}}

==References== {{reflist}}

== Bibliography == {{Refbegin}} *{{Cite Armenia and Imperial Decline}} *{{Hovannisian: The Republic of Armenia|volume=1}} *{{Cite Kavkazskiy Kalendar 1913}} *{{Cite Kavkazskiy Kalendar 1917}} *{{Cite Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus}} {{Refend}}

Category:Historical geography of Azerbaijan Category:States and territories established in 1840 Category:1840 establishments in the Russian Empire Category:1929 disestablishments in the Soviet Union Category:Uezds of Baku Governorate Category:Uezds of the Soviet Union Category:States and territories disestablished in 1929