Kuba uezd

{{italic title|string=uezd}} {{Infobox settlement | area_total_km2 = 7,179.59 | established_date = 1840 | established_title = Established | extinct_date = 1929 | extinct_title = Abolished | image_map = Kuba Uyezd of Baku Governorate.png | image_shield = Baku gub coa n655.png | map_caption = Location in the Baku Governorate | mapsize = 220px | name = Kuba ''uezd'' | native_name = Кубинский уезд | native_name_lang = ru | population_as_of = 1916 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_rural = 86.40% | population_total = 198,204 | population_urban = 13.60% | seat = Kuba<br>(present-day Quba) | seat_type = Capital | settlement_type = ''Uezd'' | subdivision_name = Russian Empire | subdivision_name1 = Caucasus | subdivision_name2 = Baku | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_type1 = Viceroyalty | subdivision_type2 = Governorate | total_type = Total }}

The '''Kuba ''uezd'''''{{efn|{{bulletedlist|{{langx|ru|Кубинский уезд}}, {{langx|ru|label=<small>pre-reform orthography</small>|Кубинскій уѣздъ|translit=Kubinskiy uyezd}} {{IPA|ru|kʊbʲɪnskʲɪj ʊ(j)ɪst|}}|{{Langx|azb-Arab|قبہ قضاسی|translit=Qubeh qaz̤āsı|translit-std=ALA-LC|label=Azerbaijani}}}}}} was a county (''uezd'') within the Baku Governorate of Russian Empire and then of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and Azerbaijan SSR until its formal abolition in 1929 by Soviet authorities. The ''uezd'' was located in northern part of the Baku Governorate, bordering Caspian Sea to the east, Elizavetpol Governorate to the west, Dagestan Oblast to the north, the Geokchay, Shemakha, and Baku ''uezds'' to the south.{{sfn|Tsutsiev|2014|p=59}} The administrative center of the ''uezd'' was the city of Kuba (present-day Quba).

== Administrative divisions == The prefectures ({{Langx|ru|участки|translit=uchastki|label=none}}) of the Kuba ''uezd'' in 1917 were as follows:{{sfn|Кавказский календарь на 1917 год|pp=2–22}}{{sfn|Кавказский календарь на 1913 год|pp=140–143}} {| class="wikitable sortable" !Name !Administrative centre !1912 population !Area |- |''Divichinskiy'' prefecture ({{lang|ru|Дивичинский участок}}) |Divichi (Şabran) | align="right" |41,569 |{{Convert|1764.78|verst2|km2 mi2|lk=on}} |- |''Kubinskiy'' prefecture ({{lang|ru|Кубинский участок}}) |Rustov | align="right" |54,113 |{{Convert|1855.78|verst2|km2 mi2|lk=on}} |- |''Kusarskiy'' prefecture ({{lang|ru|Кусарский участок}}) |Kusary (Qusar) | align="right" |53,645 |{{Convert|1437.34|verst2|km2 mi2|lk=on}} |- |''Myushkyurskiy'' prefecture ({{lang|ru|Мюшкюрский участок}}) |Khachmaz | align="right" |16,540 |{{Convert|1250.71|verst2|km2 mi2|lk=on}} |}

==Geography== The ''uezd'' was located on the northern slope of the eastern part of Greater Caucasus mountain range, mainly consisting of 3 main parts: Mountains, which occupies most parts of the south-west, foothills, covering most of the ''uezd'' from south-west to northeast, and lowlands, mostly in the areas bordering the Caspian Sea. The highest point in the ''uezd'', Shahdagh, is located at the western part of the ''uezd'' at 13,951 feet.<ref name="gatchina3000">{{cite web |url=http://gatchina3000.ru/big/056/56804_brockhaus-efron.htm |title= Большой энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона. Агдаш |trans-title=Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedia Dictionary. Kuba |accessdate=2011-08-05}}</ref>

The three main rivers in the ''uezd'' were Qudyal, Gilgil and Qusarchay. The Samur river formed the northern border.<ref name="gatchina3000" />

==History== After the capture of the Quba Khanate by the Russian forces in 1806, during the Russo-Persian War (1804–1813), the khanate was removed and was made a province of the Russian Empire. The ''uezd'' was created in 1840 and was initially made part of the Caspian Oblast in the same year, and later part of the Shamakhi Governorate in 1846. Due to an earthquake in Shamakhi in 1859, the centre of the Shamakhi Governorate was moved from Shamakhi to Baku and the governorate was renamed Baku Governorate.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://files.preslib.az/projects/azerbaijan/eng/gl2.pdf |title=Administrative Territorial Division |author= |date= |website=preslib.az |publisher= |access-date= |quote= |page=9}}</ref>

In 1918, after the collapse of the Russian Empire, Azerbaijan became part of Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic. After the establishment of the Baku Commune in April 1918,<ref name="Hopkirk">Hopkirk, Peter. ''On Secret Service East of Constantinople: The Plot to Bring Down the British Empire'', Oxford University Press, 2001; {{ISBN|0-19-280230-5}}, pp 304–5, 322</ref> clashes began in the city of Baku and other ''uezds'' within the Baku Governorate,<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Shahumyan|first=Stepan|title=Letters 1896–1918|publisher=State Publishing House of Armenia|year=1959|location=Yerevan|pages=63–67|quote=On one side were fighting the Soviet Red Guard; the Red International Army, recently organized by us; the Red Fleet, which we had succeeded in reorganizing in a short time; and Armenian national units. On the other side the Muslim Savage Division in which there were quite a few Russian officers, and bands of armed Muslims, led by the Musavat Party... For us the results of the battle were brilliant. The destruction of the enemy was complete... More than three thousand were killed on both sides}}</ref> called the March Days, during which 12,000 Azerbaijanis and other Muslims and 2,500 Armenians died.<ref>{{cite book|last=Pasdermadjian|first=Garegin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-ZQiAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA188|title=Why Armenia Should be Free: Armenia's Role in the Present War|publisher=The Armenian National Union of America|year=1918|pages=188–199|author-link=Karekin Pastermadjian}}</ref><ref name="minahan">{{cite book|last=Minahan|first=James B.|url=|title=Miniature Empires: A Historical Dictionary of the Newly Independent States|publisher=|year=1998|isbn=0-313-30610-9|location=|page=22|quote=The tensions and fighting between the Azeris and the Armenians in the federation culminated in the massacre of some 12,000 Azeris in Baku by radical Armenians and Bolshevik troops in March 1918|authorlink=|accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="Smith">{{cite web |url=http://old.sakharov-center.ru/publications/azrus/az_004.htm |title=Pamiat' ob utratakh i Azerbaidzhanskoe obshchestvo/Traumatic Loss and Azerbaijani. National Memory |author=Michael Smith |work=Azerbaidzhan i Rossiia: obshchestva i gosudarstva (Azerbaijan and Russia: Societies and States) |publisher=Sakharov Center |accessdate=21 August 2011 |language=ru |archive-date=1 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401031542/http://old.sakharov-center.ru/publications/azrus/az_004.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

On 28 May 1918, the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic declared its independence and the ''uezd'' was kept as part of its administrative units. After the Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan in 1920, Azerbaijan was integrated into the Soviet Union and the ''uezd'' was abolished by Soviet authorities in 1929.

==Demographics==

=== Russian Empire Census === According to the Russian Empire Census, the Kuba ''uezd'' had a population of 183,242 on {{OldStyleDate|28 January|1897|15 January}}, including 96,771 men and 86,471 women. The plurality of the population indicated Tatar{{Caucasian Tatars}} to be their mother tongue, with significant Tat, Kyurin, and Kazi-Kumukh speaking minorities.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/emp_lan_97_uezd.php?reg=331 |title=Population of Kuba Uyezd (1897) |author= |date= |website=Demoskop Weekly |language=ru |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Linguistic composition of the Kuba ''uezd'' in 1897<ref name=":0" /> !Language !Native speakers !% |- |Tatar{{efn|name=Caucasian Tatars}} | align="right" |70,150 | align="right" |38.28 |- |Tat | align="right" |46,430 | align="right" |25.34 |- |Kyurin | align="right" |44,756 | align="right" |24.42 |- |Kazi-Kumukh | align="right" |11,614 | align="right" |6.34 |- |Jewish | align="right" |3,972 | align="right" |2.17 |- |Russian | align="right" |2,516 | align="right" |1.37 |- |Ukrainian | align="right" |1,426 | align="right" |0.78 |- |Armenian | align="right" |1,191 | align="right" |0.65 |- |Persian | align="right" |549 | align="right" |0.30 |- |Turkish | align="right" |216 | align="right" |0.12 |- |Avar-Andean | align="right" |97 | align="right" |0.05 |- |Georgian | align="right" |66 | align="right" |0.04 |- |Polish | align="right" |64 | align="right" |0.03 |- |German | align="right" |38 | align="right" |0.02 |- |Belarusian | align="right" |29 | align="right" |0.02 |- |Lithuanian | align="right" |5 | align="right" |0.00 |- |Mordovian | align="right" |1 | align="right" |0.00 |- |Other | align="right" |122 | align="right" |0.07 |- !TOTAL !183,242 !100.00 |}

=== ''Kavkazskiy kalendar'' === According to the 1917 publication of ''Kavkazskiy kalendar'', the Kuba ''uezd'' had a population of 198,204 on {{OldStyleDate|14 January|1916|1 January}}, including 105,556 men and 92,648 women, 196,077 of whom were the permanent population, and 2,127 were temporary residents:{{sfn|Кавказский календарь на 1917 год|pp=178–181}} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! rowspan="2" |Nationality ! colspan="2" |Urban ! colspan="2" |Rural ! colspan="2" |TOTAL |- !Number !% !Number !% !Number !% |- |Sunni Muslims{{Efn|Primarily Turco-Tatars.{{sfn|Hovannisian|1971|p=67}}}} | align="right" |4,218 | align="right" |15.65 | align="right" |102,472 | align="right" |59.84 | align="right" |106,690 | align="right" |53.83 |- |North Caucasians | align="right" |417 | align="right" |1.55 | align="right" |48,688 | align="right" |28.43 | align="right" |49,105 | align="right" |24.77 |- |Shia Muslims{{Efn|Primarily Tatars.{{sfn|Hovannisian|1971|p=67}}}} | align="right" |6,830 | align="right" |25.34 | align="right" |13,627 | align="right" |7.96 | align="right" |20,457 | align="right" |10.32 |- |Jews | align="right" |14,713 | align="right" |54.58 | align="right" |322 | align="right" |0.19 | align="right" |15,035 | align="right" |7.59 |- |Russians | align="right" |177 | align="right" |0.66 | align="right" |5,206 | align="right" |3.04 | align="right" |5,383 | align="right" |2.72 |- |Armenians | align="right" |579 | align="right" |2.15 | align="right" |933 | align="right" |0.54 | align="right" |1,512 | align="right" |0.76 |- |Asiatic Christians | align="right" |22 | align="right" |0.08 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |0.00 | align="right" |22 | align="right" |0.01 |- !TOTAL !26,956 !100.00 !171,248 !100.00 !198,204 !100.00 |}

=== Soviet census (1926) === In 1926, the population of the ''uezd'' rose to 189,916 people, of which 17,902 were urban and 172,014 rural.<ref>{{cite web |author= |date= |title=Population of Kuba Uyezd |url=http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/ussr_26_b.php?reg=70 |access-date= |website=Demoskop Weekly |publisher= |quote=}}</ref>

== Notes == {{Notelist}}

==References== {{reflist}}

== Bibliography == {{Refbegin}} *{{Cite Armenia and Imperial Decline}} *{{Hovannisian: The Republic of Armenia|volume=1}} *{{Cite Kavkazskiy Kalendar 1913}} *{{Cite Kavkazskiy Kalendar 1917}} *{{Cite Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus}} {{Refend}}

Category:Historical geography of Azerbaijan Category:States and territories established in 1840 Category:1840 establishments in the Russian Empire Category:1929 disestablishments in the Soviet Union Category:Uezds of Baku Governorate Category:Uezds of the Soviet Union Category:States and territories disestablished in 1929