{{Short description|In Sufism, fifth leader of the Safavid order}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = Shaykh Junayd | order = 5th Sheikh of the Safavid order | term_start = ? | term_end = 1460 | predecessor = Khvajeh Ali Safavi→Shaykh Ibrahim | successor = Shaykh Haydar | death_date = 4 March 1460 | spouse = Khadija Begum | children = {{unbulleted list | Shaykh Haydar | Khvajeh Mohammad Safavi | Khvajeh Jamshid Safavi | Shah Pasha Khatun}} | parents = Shaykh Ibrahim }} [[Image:02252 020qusar.jpg|thumb|300px|Mausoleum of Shaykh Junayd.]] '''Shaykh Junayd''' (died 4 March 1460;<ref name="Munshi">{{cite book |last=Munshi |first=Eskandar Beg |author-link=Iskandar Beg Munshi |date=1629 |title=History of Shah 'Abbas the Great (Tārīkh-e ‘Ālamārā-ye ‘Abbāsī) / Roger M. Savory, translator |edition= |url=https://archive.org/details/monshi-shah-abbas-english/Monshi_Shah-Abbas_English/mode/1up |access-date=May 6, 2025|page=xxii}}</ref> {{Langx|fa|شیخ جنید}}) was the hereditary leader of the Safavid order, a Sufi order based in Ardabil in northwestern Iran. He was the son of Shaykh Ibrahim and the grandson of Khvajeh Ali Safavi. He was the father of Shaykh Haydar and the grandfather of Shah Ismail I, the founder of the Safavid dynasty. Following his father's death, he led the Safavid order from 1447 to 1460. He transformed the order into a military movement, seeking to establish his own principality through conquest.
== History == thumb|Casket of Shaykh Junayd Under Junayd, the Safaviyya was transformed from a Sufi order organized around a saint-ascetic into an active military movement with a policy of conquest and domination. He was the first Safavi spiritual leader to espouse specifically Shia Islamic teachings, and in particular those of the Twelver ''ghulat''.<ref>Vincent J. Cornell,[https://books.google.com/books?id=g5LNUS0ciAAC&dq=safavi+junayd&pg=PA225 ''Voices of Islam: Voices of tradition''], pg.225</ref><ref>Seyyed Hossein Nasr,[https://books.google.com/books?id=yn8OAAAAQAAJ&dq=safawi+junayd&pg=PA61 ''Traditional Islam in the modern world''], pg.61</ref> Junayd was viewed as a divine incarnation by his followers.<ref>Jaroslav Krejčí, Anna Krejčová, [https://books.google.com/books?id=M88CVW8RkCcC&dq=Safaviya&pg=PA151 ''Before the European challenge''], pg.151</ref><ref>Farhad Daftary. [https://books.google.com/books?id=kQGlyZAy134C&dq=Safawi&pg=PA466 ''The Ismāʻı̄lı̄s''], pg.466</ref>
During his time in Ardabil, Junayd attracted so many disciples that in 1448, Jahan Shah (the Kara Koyunlu prince) drove him into exile to Anatolia and Syria. While there, he engaged in missionary activities and accumulated Turkmen followers.<ref>Kathryn Babayan, [https://books.google.com/books?id=WLoUePLTdfgC&dq=safavi+junayd&pg=PA139 ''Mystics, monarchs, and messiahs''], pg.139</ref> He then went to the court of Uzun Hassan at Diyarbakır, where he married Uzun Hassan's sister, Khadija Khatun, somewhere between 1456 and 1459.<ref>Andrew J. Newman, [https://books.google.com/books?id=afsYCq1XOewC&dq=safavi+haydar&pg=PA129 ''Safavid Iran''], pg.129</ref>
Junayd was prevented from returning to Ardabil, so he lived at Shirvan where he died in a local skirmish near the Samur River in what is modern Azerbaijan, where he was buried. This led to the beginning of animosity between the mainly Sunni Shirvanshah and the increasingly heterodox Shi’i Safaviyya.<ref>Percy Molesworth Sykes, [https://books.google.com/books?id=wiAZyeSKKWwC&dq=safavi+junayd&pg=PA240 ''A History of Persia''], pg.240-241</ref>
Mausoleum of Shaykh Juneyd is located in the village of Khazra in Azerbaijan. Junayd was succeeded by his son Shaykh Haydar, who married his cousin Halima Alamshah Khatun, daughter of Uzun Hassan and Theodora Despina Khatun. They had three sons and three daughters. One of them was Shah Ismail I, father of Shah Tahmasp I.
==Succession== {{s-start}} {{s-ttl |title=Leaders of the Safaviyya:}} {{s-bef |before={{abbr|Sh.|Shaykh}} Ali Safavi (d. 1427) >> {{abbr|Sh.|Shaykh}} '''''Ibrahim Safavi''''' (d. 1447) >>}} {{s-hou |''1447–1460''||}} {{s-aft |after={{abbr|Sh.|Shaykh}} Haydar Safavi}} {{s-end}}
==See also== {{Twelvers|collapsed=1}} *Safavid dynasty *Safavid dynasty family tree
==Notes== {{reflist}}
== External links ==
* [http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/jonayd JONAYD] Encyclopædia Iranica
{{DEFAULTSORT:Safavi, Junayd}} Category:Safavid dynasty Category:Safaviyeh order Category:1460 deaths Category:Kurdish Sufis Category:Year of birth unknown Category:15th-century Kurdish people Category:Critics of Sunni Islam Category:Converts to Shia Islam from Sunni Islam