Saurauia

{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}} {{Automatic taxobox |image=Saurauia madrensis 2.jpg |image_caption=''Saurauia madrensis'' |taxon=Saurauia |authority=Willd. |synonyms = *''Apatelia'' {{small|DC.}} (1822) *''Blumia'' {{small|Spreng.}} (1826) *''Draytonia'' {{small|A.Gray}} (1853) *''Marumia'' {{small|Reinw.}} (1825) *''Obelanthera'' {{small|Turcz.}} (1847) *''Overstratia'' {{small|Deschamps ex R.Br.}} (1840) *''Palaua'' {{small|Ruiz & Pav.}}, nom. illeg. *''Parivoa'' {{small|F.Dietr.}}, nom. illeg. *''Reinwardtia'' {{small|Blume ex Nees}}, nom. illeg. *''Scapha'' {{small|Noronha ex Choisy}} (1855) *''Synarrhena'' {{small|F.Muell.}}, nom. provis. *''Tonshia'' {{small|Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don}} (1825) *''Trematanthera'' {{small|F.Muell.}} (1886) *''Vanalphimia'' {{small|Lesch. ex DC.}} (1822) *''Davya'' {{small|Moc. & Sessé ex DC.}} (1824) *''Leucothea'' {{small|Moc. & Sessé ex DC.}}, not validly publ. |synonyms_ref = {{R|POWO}} }}

'''''Saurauia''''' is a genus of plants in the family Actinidiaceae. It comprises about over 300 species distributed in the tropics and subtropics of Asia and South and Central America.<ref name="He-cytology">{{cite journal |first1=Zi-Can |last1=He |first2=Jian-Qiang |last2=Li |first3=Qing |last3=Cai |first4=Qing |last4=Wang |title=The cytology of ''Actinidia'', ''Saurauia'', and ''Clematoclethra''(Actinidiaceae) |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=147 |issue= 3|pages=369–374 |year=2005 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2005.00372.x |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=powo>{{cite web |title=''Saurauia'' Willd. |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:327992-2 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanical Gardens Kew |access-date=20 December 2018}}</ref> Genetic evidence and the cell biology of the group support monophyly of the genus.<ref name="He-cytology"/> Monophyly of the genus is also supported by micromorphological characters and by phylogenetic analysis, although the exact evolutionary relationships of ''Saurauia'' with the other two genera of the Actinidiaceae, ''Actinidia'' and ''Clematoclethra'', are not well understood.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Zican |last1=He |first2=Xiaoyan |last2=Zhang |first3=Yang |last3=Zhong |first4=Li |last4=Ye |title=Phylogenetic relationships of ''Actinidia'' and related genera based on micromorphological characters of foliar trichomes |journal=Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution |volume=47 |issue=6 |pages=627–639 |doi=10.1023/A:1026572524970 |year=2000 |s2cid=43206669 }}</ref> It is also the only extant genus within its family whose natural distribution includes areas outside of Asia (tropical South and Central America).<ref name="He-cytology"/>

==Description== The floral characteristics of ''Saurauia'' are similar to those in the other members of the Actinidiaceae. The main floral differences between ''Saurauia'' and the other members are that the species of ''Saurauia'' have 3-5 carpels while ''Actinidia'' has 3-30 or more and ''Clematoclethra'' has 4 or 5.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Jennifer A. |last1=Keller |first2=Patrick S. |last2=Herendeen |first3=Peter R. |last3=Crane |title=Fossil flowers and fruits of the Actinidiaceae from the Campanian (Late Cretaceous) of Georgia |journal=American Journal of Botany |volume=83 |issue=4 |pages=528–541 |doi=10.1002/j.1537-2197.1996.tb12733.x |year=1996 }}</ref> Also, ''Saurauia'' is the only genus in the Actinidiaceae whose members may be monoecious or functionally dioecious.<ref name="He-cytology"/>

==Fossil record== The oldest fossil records of ''Saurauia'' include characteristic seed synapomorphies of the genus that are from the late Turonian (about 89 Ma) of Central Europe. Two extinct species were established, †''Saurauia alenae'' and †''Saurauia antique'', both are recorded from several assemblages in Central Europe and ranging in age from the late Turonian to the Maastrichtian.<ref>{{citation |title=The Timetree of Life |editor-first=S. Blair |editor-last=Hedges |editor2-first=Sudhir |editor2-last=Kumar |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2009 |isbn=9780199535033}}</ref>

==Species== {{Main|List of Saurauia species}} Species include: {{Columns-list|colwidth=22em| * ''Saurauia adenodonta'' Sleumer * ''Saurauia aequatoriensis'' Sprague * ''Saurauia aguaricana'' Soejarto * ''Saurauia avellana'' Elmer * ''Saurauia bogoriensis'' R.D. Hoogland * ''Saurauia bracteosa'' DC. * ''Saurauia cauliflora'' DC. * ''Saurauia clementis'' Merr. * ''Saurauia copelandii'' Elmer * ''Saurauia crassisepala'' Soejarto * ''Saurauia elegans'' (Choisy) Fern.-Vill. * ''Saurauia erythrocarpa'' C.F.Liang & Y.S.Wang * ''Saurauia glabra'' Merr. * ''Saurauia harlingii'' Soejarto * ''Saurauia herthae'' Sleumer * ''Saurauia klemmei'' Merr. * ''Saurauia lanceolata'' Ruiz & Pav. * ''Saurauia latibractea'' Choisy * ''Saurauia latipetala'' Hemsley * ''Saurauia laxiflora'' Soejarto * ''Saurauia lehmannii'' Hieron. * ''Saurauia leucocarpa'' Schlecht. * ''Saurauia magnifica'' Soejarto * ''Saurauia mahmudii'' R.D. Hoogland * ''Saurauia malayana'' Hoogl. * ''Saurauia merrillii'' Elmer * ''Saurauia mexiae'' Killip ex Soejarto * ''Saurauia microphylla'' Linden ex Lindl. & Paxton * ''Saurauia montana'' Seem. * ''Saurauia napaulensis'' DC. * ''Saurauia oreophila'' Hemsley * ''Saurauia papillulosa'' Merr. * ''Saurauia pentapetala'' (Jack) R.D.Hoogland * ''Saurauia polysperma'' (Blanco) Merr. * ''Saurauia pseudostrigillosa'' Buscal. * ''Saurauia punduana'' Wall. * ''Saurauia pustulata'' G. Hunter * ''Saurauia rubens'' Ridl. * ''Saurauia rubrisepala'' Soejarto * ''Saurauia scabrida'' Hemsley * ''Saurauia schultzeorum'' Sleumer * ''Saurauia seibertii'' Standley * ''Saurauia serrata'' DC. * ''Saurauia sparsiflora'' Elmer * ''Saurauia striata'' Soejarto * ''Saurauia tambensis'' Killip * ''Saurauia villosa'' DC. * ''Saurauia whitfordii'' Merr. }}

==References== {{Reflist|28em|refs= <ref name="POWO">{{cite web |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:327992-2 |title=''Saurauia'' Willd. |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |year=2024 |access-date=13 January 2024}}</ref> }}

Category:Saurauia Category:Ericales genera Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot