{{Short description|None}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2026}} thumb|upright|"Richmond pliosaur" in Kronosaurus Korner {{About|all Mesozoic reptiles '''except dinosaurs'''|informally named dinosaurs|List of informally named dinosaurs}} This '''list of informally named Mesozoic reptiles''' is a listing of prehistoric reptiles from the Mesozoic era (excluding dinosaurs) that have never been given formally published scientific names. This list only includes names that were not properly published ("unavailable names") and have not since been published under a valid name. The following types of names are present on this list:
* '''''Nomen nudum'', Latin for "naked name"''': A name that has appeared in print but has not yet been formally published by the standards of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. ''Nomina nuda'' (the plural form) are invalid, and are therefore not italicized as a proper generic name would be. * '''''Nomen manuscriptum'', Latin for "manuscript name"''': A name that appears in manuscript but was not formally published. A ''nomen manuscriptum'' is equivalent to a ''nomen nudum'' for everything except the method of publication, and description. * '''''Nomen ex dissertationae'', Latin for "dissertation name"''': A name that appears in a dissertation but was not formally published. * Nicknames or descriptive names given to specimens or taxa by researchers or the press.
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==A== ===Addyman plesiosaur=== thumb|right|The "Addyman plesiosaur" The "Addyman plesiosaur" is an informal name given to a leptocleidid plesiosaur specimen (SAM P15980) discovered by the opal miners John and Molly Addyman in 1967 from the Bulldog Shale near Andamooka, South Australia.<ref name=Ellis2003/><ref name=Kear2007/> Assigned to as cf. ''Leptocleidus'' sp. in 2007,<ref name=Kear2007>{{cite journal |last1=Kear |first1=B.P. |title=A Juvenile Pliosauroid Plesiosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Lower Cretaceous of South Australia |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=81 |issue=1 |pages=154–162 |year=2007 |jstor=4133802|doi=10.1666/0022-3360(2007)81[154:AJPPRS]2.0.CO;2 |s2cid=130682215 |url=http://doc.rero.ch/record/15679/files/PAL_E976.pdf }}</ref> probably a juvenile ''Umoonasaurus'',<ref name=Kear2016/> this 80% complete skeleton measures {{cvt|70|cm|in}} long and represents one of the most immature and smallest known plesiosaur specimens.<ref name=Ellis2003>{{cite book|author=Ellis, R.|year=2003|title=Sea Dragons - Predators of the Prehistoric Oceans|publisher=University Press of Kansas|page=174|isbn=978-0-7006-1269-7}}</ref> Housed in the South Australian Museum, the "Addyman plesiosaur" is also dubbed "the finest known opalised skeleton on Earth".<ref name="samuseum.sa.gov.au">{{cite web|url=http://www.samuseum.sa.gov.au/explore/museum-galleries/opal-fossils|publisher=South Australian Museum|title=Opal Fossils|access-date=3 March 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140213204022/http://www.samuseum.sa.gov.au/explore/museum-galleries/opal-fossils|archive-date=13 February 2014}}</ref>
===African pterosaur=== thumb|Life-size skeleton reconstruction of the "African pterosaur" The "African pterosaur" is an informal name given to a pterosaur specimen from the Early Cretaceous of Niger, which was reported by Paul Sereno's team.<ref>{{cite web|title=Discoveries - The African Pterosaur|website=paulsereno.uchicago.edu|url=https://paulsereno.uchicago.edu/discoveries/the_african_pterosaur/|access-date=16 March 2025}}</ref> The specimen is stated to be a partial wing, which is the first known in Africa, and its life-size reconstruction can be seen in the "GIANTS" exhibit in Chicago; although it is unstated which type of pterosaur this specimen belongs to, it is noted to be a piscivore (fish-eater) based on associated teeth material and similar to the pterosaurs known from Brazil of South America, with an estimated wingspan of {{convert|5|m|ft}}.<ref>{{cite web|author=University Of Chicago|date=24 December 2003|title=Paleontologists Discover Pterosaur Fossils In Sahara|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2003/12/031223073349.htm|access-date=16 March 2025}}</ref> The specimen was later shown in the 2-hour National Geographic special program ''Sky Monsters'' (2006), which featured its discovery and life-size reconstruction attempt by Sereno's team.<ref>{{cite web|title=About Paul Sereno - Filmography|website=paulsereno.uchicago.edu|url=https://paulsereno.uchicago.edu/about/filmography/|access-date=16 March 2025}}</ref> In his update entry of the 2000 Expedition of Niger, Sereno mentioned that his team found evidence of a large pterosaur specimen.<ref>{{cite web|author=Sereno, P.|date=3 October 2000|title=Update on Dinosaur Discoveries|website=paulsereno.uchicago.edu|url=https://paulsereno.uchicago.edu/journal/update_on_dinosaur_discoveries_from_paul_sereno_october_3_2000/|access-date=16 March 2025}}</ref> In his 2000 interview, David Blackburn who participated in that expedition recounted the pterosaur partial wing discovery.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fourth-year searching for dinosaur fossils on Saharan expedition|website=The University of Chicago Chronicle|date=30 November 2000|url=https://chronicle.uchicago.edu/001130/niger.shtml|access-date=16 March 2025}}</ref> He later discussed about the Elrhaz Formation pterosaur specimens in a 2002 conference abstract, stated to be the "only documented pterosaurian appendicular material from Africa", with the left humerus belonging to a tapejaroid and the partial wing belonging to an anhanguerid.<ref>{{cite conference|author=Blackburn, D.|year=2002|title=Two Early Cretaceous pterosaurs from Africa|conference=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology|volume=22|pages=37A|url=https://www.miketaylor.org.uk/tmp/svp-abstracts/SVP%202002%20abstracts.pdf}}</ref>
===Aktisaurus=== thumb|"Aktisaurus" skull "Aktisaurus" (meaning coast or shoreline lizard) is a ''nomen ex dissertationae'' created by Hallie Pritchett Street in her PhD thesis as a new genus to contain the species originally named ''Mosasaurus conodon'' (specimen AMNH 1380), which has been of uncertain classification since its naming. The phylogenetic analysis of Street did not recover ''Mosasaurus'' as a monophyletic genus, and erected several new genera for species previously assigned to ''Mosasaurus''. "Aktisaurus" was recovered as the sister taxon of ''Plotosaurus'' as demonstrated by the similar morphology of the carinae on their teeth.<ref name=StreetThesis>{{cite thesis|author=Hallie P. Street|year=2016|title=A re-assessment of the genus Mosasaurus (Squamata: Mosasauridae)|type=PhD|publisher=University of Alberta|url=https://era.library.ualberta.ca/items/53bb82a0-7a66-4afb-a26d-b611b5f86136/view/f59a5ee9-9c57-4409-9988-5c8958216f80/Street_Hallie_P_201604_PhD.pdf|doi=10.7939/R31N7XZ1K|s2cid=92749266|doi-access=free}}</ref>
===Amblyrhynchosaurus=== "Amblyrhynchosaurus wiffeni" (meaning blunt-snouted lizard) is a genus and species of ''nomen ex dissertationae'' named by Hallie Pritchett Street in her PhD thesis centered on the taxonomy of ''Mosasaurus''. The designated type specimen is NZGS CD 535, which is a mostly complete mosasaurine skull that was discovered in the Maungataniwha Sandstone on the North Island of New Zealand. "Amblyrhynchosaurus" has similar skull morphology to the genus ''Prognathodon'', but it was recovered as the sister taxon of ''Moanasaurus'' and a close relative of ''Mosasaurus''. The species epithet is in honor of Joan Wiffen, although the precise spelling is uncertain. It is spelled both as "wiffeni" and "wiffenae" in the text of the thesis.<ref name=StreetThesis />
===Antipodenectes=== "Antipodenectes" (meaning swimmer from the other side of the world) is a ''nomen ex dissertationae'' erected by Hallie Pritchett Street in her PhD thesis to contain the species ''Mosasaurus mokoroa'', which was named by S.P. Welles and D.R. Gregg in 1971. In her phylogenetic analysis, Street did not recover ''M. mokora'' as being within a monophyletic ''Mosasaurus'' genus, so named a new genus to contain this taxon. It was recovered as a close relative of ''Plotosaurus'' as well as "Aktisaurus". The type specimen is CM Zfr-1, which was discovered in the Conway Formation from the South Island of New Zealand.<ref name=StreetThesis />
===Aust Colossus=== [[File:Journal.pone.0194742.g008.png|thumb|Surangular of ''Ichthyotitan'' (A) and "Aust Colossus" (B)]] The "Aust Colossus" is an informal name given to the giant ichthyosaur specimens (BRSMG Cb3869, BRSMG Cb3870, BRSMG Cb4063 and BRSUG 7007) discovered from the Late Triassic (Rhaetian) Westbury Formation at the Aust Cliff.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gayford |first1=Joel H. |last2=Engelman |first2=Russell K. |last3=Sternes |first3=Phillip C. |last4=Itano |first4=Wayne M. |last5=Bazzi |first5=Mohamad |last6=Collareta |first6=Alberto |last7=Salas-Gismondi |first7=Rodolfo |last8=Shimada |first8=Kenshu |date=September 2024 |title=Cautionary tales on the use of proxies to estimate body size and form of extinct animals |journal=Ecology and Evolution |language=en |volume=14 |issue=9 |article-number=e70218 |doi=10.1002/ece3.70218 |pmid=39224151 |pmc=11368419 |bibcode=2024EcoEv..1470218G |issn=2045-7758}}</ref><ref name=Lomax2018>{{Cite journal|last1=Lomax|first1=Dean R.|last2=De la Salle|first2=Paul|last3=Massare|first3=Judy A. |author3-link=Judith Massare|last4=Gallois|first4=Ramues|date=9 April 2018|editor-last=Wong|editor-first=William Oki|title=A giant Late Triassic ichthyosaur from the UK and a reinterpretation of the Aust Cliff 'dinosaurian' bones|journal=PLOS ONE|language=en|volume=13|issue=4|article-number=e0194742|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0194742|issn=1932-6203|pmc=5890986|pmid=29630618|bibcode=2018PLoSO..1394742L|doi-access=free}}</ref> "Aust Colossus" has been tentatively estimated to be even larger than the {{convert|25|m|ft}} long ichthyosaur ''Ichthyotitan'' from the same formation, possibly over {{convert|30|m|ft}} long, though the authors acknowledge that this is a very speculative estimate.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Lomax |first1=D. R. |last2=de la Salle |first2=P. |last3=Perillo |first3=M. |last4=Reynolds |first4=J. |last5=Reynolds |first5=R. |last6=Waldron |first6=J. F. |title=The last giants: New evidence for giant Late Triassic (Rhaetian) ichthyosaurs from the UK |year=2024 |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=19 |issue=4 |at=e0300289 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0300289 |doi-access=free |pmid=38630678 |pmc=11023487 |bibcode=2024PLoSO..1900289L }}</ref>
==B== ===Batoremys=== "Batoremys" is a genus of putative macrobaenid turtle from the Early Cretaceous of Mongolia.<ref>{{cite book|author=Narmandakh, P.|year=2000|chapter=New genus of turtle from lower Cretaceous deposit of Mongolia, Batoremys|pages=134–135|editor1=Ishii, K.-I.|editor2=Watabe, M.|editor3=Suzuki, S.|editor4=Ishigaki, S.|editor5=Barsbold, R.|editor6=Tsogtbaatar, K.|publisher=Hayashibara Museum of Natural Sciences Research Bulletin|volume=1|title=Results of Hayashibara Museum of Natural Sciences-Mongolian Academy of Sciences-Mongolian Paleontological Center Joint Paleontological Expedition|location=Okyama, Japan}}</ref> The intended type species "Batoremys leptis" was never given formal description, so it remains a ''nomen nudum''.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Parham|first1=J.F.|last2=Hutchison|first2=J.H.|year=2003|title=A new eucryptodiran turtle from the late cretaceous of North America (dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta, Canada)|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology|volume=23|issue=4 |pages=783–798|doi=10.1671/5|bibcode=2003JVPal..23..783P }}</ref>
==C== ===''Clidastes'' moorevillensis=== ''Clidastes'' "moorevillensis" is an informal species of mosasaur from the Late Cretaceous Mooreville Chalk Formation of Alabama. First named in a 1975 thesis,<ref>{{cite thesis|author=Shannon, S.W.|year=1975|title=Selected Alabama Mosasaurs|degree=MSc|publisher=University of Alabama|pages=1–89}}</ref> it was never given formal description and lacks sufficient diagnostic characters that differentiate it from the dubious ''Clidastes liodontus''.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Joshua R. Lively |year=2019 |title=Taxonomy and historical inertia: ''Clidastes'' (Squamata: Mosasauridae) as a case study of problematic paleobiological taxonomy |journal=Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology |volume=42 |issue= 4|pages= 516–527|doi=10.1080/03115518.2018.1549685 |s2cid=134825554 }}</ref>
===Cuers ichthyosaur=== The "Cuers ichthyosaur" is an informal name given to the giant ichthyosaur specimens (MHNTV PAL-1-10/2012 and MHNTV PAL-2/2010) discovered from the Late Triassic (Rhaetian) locality in Cuers, France. It is suggested to be similar to the Autun ichthyosaur specimens (''Ichthyosaurus rheticus'' and ''Ichthyosaurus carinatus'', both of which are ''nomen dubium'') and ''Ichthyotitan''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Fischer |first1=Valentin |last2=Cappetta |first2=Henri |author2-link=Henri Cappetta |last3=Vincent |first3=Peggy |last4=Garcia |first4=Géraldine |last5=Goolaerts |first5=Stijn |last6=Martin |first6=Jeremy E. |last7=Roggero |first7=Daniel |last8=Valentin |first8=Xavier |date=26 September 2014 |title=Ichthyosaurs from the French Rhaetian indicate a severe turnover across the Triassic–Jurassic boundary |journal=Naturwissenschaften |language=en |volume=101 |issue=12 |pages=1027–1040 |doi=10.1007/s00114-014-1242-7 |doi-broken-date=30 January 2026 |pmid=25256640 |bibcode=2014NW....101.1027F |hdl=2268/172355 |issn=0028-1042|url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/172355/1/Fischer%26al2014NatWis.pdf }}</ref><ref name=Lomax2018/>
===Cystosaurus=== "Cystosaurus" is a genus of putative teleosaur from France informally named by Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire in 1831.<ref>{{cite book|last=Saint-Hilaire|first=G.É-F.|year=1831|title=Recherches sur de grands sauriens trouvés à l'état fossile vers les confins maritimes de la Basse-Normandie, attribués d'abord aux crocodile puis déterminés sous les noms de Teleosaurus et Steneosaurus|publisher=Firmin Didot|location=Paris|pages=1–138}}</ref> Because it was never given formal description, "Cystosaurus" remains a ''nomen nudum''.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad165 |title=The history, systematics, and nomenclature of Thalattosuchia (Archosauria: Crocodylomorpha) |date=2024 |last1=Young |first1=Mark T. |last2=Wilberg |first2=Eric W. |last3=Johnson |first3=Michela M. |last4=Herrera |first4=Yanina |last5=De Andrade |first5=Marco Brandalise |last6=Brignon |first6=Arnaud |last7=Sachs |first7=Sven |last8=Abel |first8=Pascal |last9=Foffa |first9=Davide |last10=Fernández |first10=Marta S. |last11=Vignaud |first11=Patrick |last12=Cowgill |first12=Thomas |last13=Brusatte |first13=Stephen L. |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=200 |issue=2 |pages=547–617 |doi-access=free }}</ref> ''Cryptodraco'' was used as an unnecessary replacement name for ''Cryptosaurus'' by Richard Lydekker (1889) who believed the name ''Cryptosaurus'' was already previously in use for "Cystosaurus".<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lydekker |first1=R. |title=On the Remains and Affinities of five Genera of Mesozoic Reptiles |journal=Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society |volume=45 |issue=1–4 |pages=41–59 |year=1889 | doi = 10.1144/GSL.JGS.1889.045.01-04.04 |bibcode=1889QJGS...45...41L |s2cid=128586645 }}</ref>
==G== ===Garamaudo=== "Garamaudo" is an informal genus of mosasaur from the Late Cretaceous (Santonian) of southeastern France. The intended type species "Garamaudo bauciensis" is named based on the specimen CD13-PAL.2018.3.1.1-16,18 consisting of a partial skeleton found in 1997. CD13-PAL.2018.3.4, a dorsal vertebra specimen found in 2018 was also referred to this taxon. The name was first announced in a bioRxiv pre-print article in December 2025, where it was described as a tethysaurine mosasaur that lived in freshwater environments.<ref>{{Cite bioRxiv|last1=Bardet |first1=N. |last2=Houssaye |first2=A. |last3=Pelissier |first3=F.-L. |last4=Dutour |first4=Y. |last5=Turini |first5=E. |last6=Tortosa |first6=T. |date=13 December 2025 |title=Garamaudo bauciensis, a new freshwater Mosasauridae (Reptilia, Squamata) from the Santonian (Late Cretaceous) of Provence, southeastern France |biorxiv=10.64898/2025.12.11.693649 }}</ref>
==H== ===Hadongsuchus=== "Hadongsuchus" (crocodile of Hadong County) is an Early Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian) crocodyliform from the Hasandong Formation of South Korea. Known from a {{cvt|52|mm|in}} long complete skull (KIGAM VP 200401) discovered in 2002, it was informally named as "Hadongsuchus acerdentis" in a 2005 thesis. Certain features of the third premaxillary tooth help distinguish it from other related crocodylomorphs. Like other protosuchians, it is believed to have been a fully terrestrial cursorial animal with a semi-erect posture. Lee (2005) suggested that "Hadongsuchus" and three other crocodyliforms (''Shantungosuchus'', ''Sichuanosuchus'', and ''Zosuchus'') comprise a new family which represents a sister taxa to the Protosuchidae, with ''Zosuchus'' being the closest relative.<ref>{{cite thesis|author=Lee, Hang-Jae|year=2005|title=A New Protosuchian (Archosauria: Crocodyliformes) Skull from the Hasandong Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of Hadong, Korea|degree=MSc|publisher=Chungnam National University|url=http://imgsvr.riss4u.net/contents3/td_contents8/09984/433/09984433.pdf}}</ref>
===''Hainosaurus'' boubker=== {{Multiple image | image1 = Hainosaurus dentary Ouled Abdoun - Rempert et al 2022.png | image2 = Hainosaurus Maxilla2 Ouled Abdoun - Rempert et al 2022.png | image3 = Hainosaurus premaxilla Ouled Abdoun - Rempert et al 2022.png | image4 = Hainosaurus life reconstruction Ouled Abdoun - Rempert et al 2022.png | width = | direction = horizontal | caption1 = Dentary | caption2 = Maxilla | caption3 = Premaxilla | caption4 = ''Hainosaurus'' "boubker" life restoration | perrow = 2/2 | total_width = 300 }} ''Hainosaurus'' "boubker" is an informal species of mosasaur from the Sidi Chennane phosphate quarry in Morocco. The genus ''Hainosaurus'' is generally regarded as a synonym of ''Tylosaurus''.<ref name="HainosaurusSynonymy">{{cite journal|author1=Jiménez-Huidobro, P.|author2=Caldwell, M.W.|year=2016|title=Reassessment and reassignment of the early Maastrichtian mosasaur ''Hainosaurus bernardi'' Dollo, 1885, to ''Tylosaurus'' Marsh, 1872|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology|volume=36|issue=3|article-number=e1096275|doi=10.1080/02724634.2016.1096275|bibcode=2016JVPal..36E6275J |s2cid=87315531}}</ref> In 2025, Bardet and colleagues tentatively recognized ''H.'' "boubker" as a valid member of the Tylosaurinae pending more complete specimens; it has been noted that, following ICZN recommendations, the specific name should have been "boubkeri", as it honors Mr. Boubker Chaibi, the discoverer of the specimen.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bardet |first1=Nathalie |last2=Fischer |first2=Valentin |last3=Jalil |first3=Nour-Eddine |last4=Khaldoune |first4=Fatima |last5=Yazami |first5=Oussama Khadiri |last6=Pereda-Suberbiola |first6=Xabier |last7=Longrich |first7=Nicholas |date=February 2025 |title=Mosasaurids Bare the Teeth: An Extraordinary Ecological Disparity in the Phosphates of Morocco Just Prior to the K/Pg Crisis |journal=Diversity |language=en |volume=17 |issue=2 |page=114 |doi=10.3390/d17020114 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2025Diver..17..114B |issn=1424-2818}}</ref> The intended syntype was purportedly reposited in the "Paleontological Museum of the Vancouver Paleontological Society," but Zietlow et al. (2026) were unable to locate the specimen first hand due to the museum being non-existent, indicating that the initial description of this supposed taxon does not conform to ICZN article 72.10 and recommendation 16C; they further argued that the syntype of ''H.'' "boubker" is undiagnostic and cannot be distinguished from other tylosaurines, rendering its binomen as a dubious name.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Zietlow |first1=Amelia R. |last2=Polcyn |first2=Michael J. |last3=Tykoski |first3=Ronald S. |date=21 May 2026 |title=A gigantic new species of Tylosaurus (Squamata, Mosasauridae) from Texas : and a revised character list for phylogenetic analyses of Mosasauridae |url=https://hdl.handle.net/2246/7549 |journal=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History |issue=482 |pages=1–77}}</ref>
=== Hitachinaka-ryu === "Hitachinaka-ryu" (ヒタチナカリュウ) is the nickname give to single bone of fossil reptile (INM-4-15300) from Campanian-Maastrichtian Nakaminato Group, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. It was originally identified as a right scapula of a pterosaur, but it is later re-identified as the right humerus of a trionychid turtle with estimated carapace length around {{cvt|60-70|cm}}.<ref>{{Citation |last=Kato |first=T. |title=Taxonomical reexamination of the "Pterosaur" (Hitachinaka-ryu) specimen from the Upper Cretaceous Nakaminato Group |date=2020 |work=Bulletin of Ibaraki Nature Museum |volume=23 |pages=43–50 |url=https://www.nat.museum.ibk.ed.jp/assets/data/materials/research/report/23/p043-055.pdf }}</ref> It has been renamed as "Hitachinaka-oosuppon" in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dot.asahi.com/articles/-/73715|title=ヒタチナカリュウの化石「新発見」 きっかけは家族団らんの「スッポン鍋」だった？|website=AERA dot.|publisher=朝日新聞出版|date=8 May 2021|access-date=8 July 2021|language=ja}}</ref>
=== Hobetsu-araki-ryu === "Hobetsu-araki-ryu", or "Hoppy" is the nickname given to an elasmosaurid plesiosaur (HMG 1) from early Campanian Yezo Group, Hokkaido, Japan. It is known from a considerable number of postcranial materials, although not enough to identify at lower taxonomic levels.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last1=Sato |first1=T. |last2=Konishi |first2=T. |last3=Hirayama |first3=R. |last4=Caldwell |first4=M.W. |date=2012 |title=A review of the Upper Cretaceous marine reptiles from Japan |journal=Cretaceous Research |volume=37 |pages=319–340 |doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2012.03.009 |bibcode=2012CrRes..37..319S |issn=0195-6671}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ホベツアラキリュウ ｜ むかわ町 恐竜ワールド 【公式サイト】 |url=https://mukawaryu.com/database/00001/ |access-date=8 March 2025 |website=むかわ町 恐竜ワールド 【公式サイト】 |language=ja}}</ref>
==I== ===Induszalim=== "Induszalim" is an informal genus of crocodyliform named by M.S. Malkani based on fragmentary remains found in the Vitakri Formation of Pakistan in 2005. The proposed type species, "Induszalim bala", was named in a 2014 conference abstract, rendering this name a ''nomen nudum''.<ref>{{cite conference|author=Malkani M.S.|year=2014|title=Theropod dinosaurs and mesoeucrocodiles from the Terminal Cretaceous of Pakistan|conference=Abstract Volume of 2nd symposium of International Geoscience Program 608 (IGCP 608) "Cretaceous Ecosystem of Asia and Pacific"|location=Tokyo, Japan|pages=169–172}}</ref> A rostrum discovered around 2001 was referred to the theropod dinosaur "Vitakridrinda sulaimani" by Malkani (2006),<ref name="Malkhani2006">{{cite journal |last=Malkani |first=M.S. |year=2006 |title=First rostrum of carnivorous ''Vitakridrinda'' (Abelisaurid theropod dinosaur) found from the Latest Cretaceous dinosaur beds (Vitakri) Member of Pab Formation, Alam Kali Kakor Locality of Viakri area, Darkham District, Balochistan, Pakistan |journal=Sindh University y Research Journal (Science Series) |volume=38 |issue=3 |pages=7–26}}</ref> but it was later referred to "Induszalim" by Malkani (2015a).<ref>Malkani M.S. (2015a). Terrestrial mesoeucrocodiles from the Cretaceous of Pakistan. In: Zhang Y., Wu S.Z., Sun G. eds., abstract volume, 12th Symposium on “Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems (MTE 12), and 3rd Symposium of International Geoscience Program (IGCP 608) “Cretaceous Ecosystem of Asia and Pacific” 15–20 August 2015, ''Paleontological Museum of Liaoning/Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, China'', 242-246.</ref>
==K==
=== Kaosaurus === "Kaosaurus" is an informal genus of turtle from Maastrichtian Mt Indamane (Mont In Daman) site in Niger. It is described in Michaut (2002), but it is not considered as valid under ICZN rules.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Kané |first1=Adamou |url=https://hal.science/hal-00130674 |title=Kaosaurus: un nouveau taxon de Sauropsida provenant du Maastrichtien marin épicontinental du bassin des Iullemmeden, Niger |last2=Michaut |first2=Marc |date=2007}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last1=Broin |first1=France de Lapparent de |last2=Chirio |first2=Laurent |last3=Bour |first3=Roger |date=2020 |title=The oldest erymnochelyine turtle skull, Ragechelus sahelica n. gen., n. sp., from the Iullemmeden basin, Upper Cretaceous of Africa, and the associated fauna in its geographical and geological context |url=https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/g2020v42a25.pdf |journal=Geodiversitas |volume=42 |issue=25 |pages=455–484 |doi=10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a25 |issn=1280-9659}}</ref> Michaut described a species of ''Stratodus'' ("S. indamanensis") and smaller relative "Ministratodus" from same site,<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last=Michaut |first=Marc |date=2012 |title=Stratodontidae, Maastrichtien du Niger, partie 2 |url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00734137/document |journal=HAL Open Science}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Michaut |first=Marc |date=2012 |title=Stratodontidae, Maastrichtien du Niger, partie 1 |url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00734124/document |journal=HAL Open Science |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527162819/https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00734124/document |archive-date=27 May 2022}}</ref> which are also doubtful.<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal |last1=Murray |first1=Alison M. |last2=Chida |first2=Mori |last3=Holmes |first3=Robert B. |date=30 June 2022 |title=New enchodontoid fish (Teleostei: Aulopiformes) from the Late Cretaceous of Lebanon |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=42 |issue=1 |article-number=e2101370 |bibcode=2022JVPal..42E1370M |doi=10.1080/02724634.2022.2101370 |issn=0272-4634 |s2cid=251679183}}</ref>
===Khuzdarcroco=== "Khuzdarcroco" is an informal genus of purported mesoeucrocodylians proposed by M.S. Malkani in a 2015 conference abstract based on a rib fragment from the Goru Formation of Pakistan. The proposed type species is, "Khuzdarcroco zahri".<ref name="MTE12.2015">{{Cite conference |last1=Malkani |first1=M. Sadiq |date=2015 |title=Terrestrial mesoeucrocodiles from the Cretaceous of Pakistan |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282355210 |conference=12th Symposium on "Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems" |pages=242–246}}</ref>
=== Kitadani goniopholidid === thumb|The Kitadani goniopholidid The "Kitadani goniopholidid", also called as "Tetori-wani" (テトリワニ, "Tetori crocodile"<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0rQIAAAAIAAJ&q=%22%E3%83%86%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%83%AF%E3%83%8B%22 |title=地學雜誌 |date=1995 |publisher=偕行社 |language=ja}}</ref>) is a goniopholidid crocodyliform known from Kitadani Formation of Japan. Nearly complete skeleton was discovered in 1982, which is the first vertebrate record from Kitadani Dinosaur Quarry.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yoichi |first=Azuma |date=2003 |title=Early Cretaceous vertebrate remains from Katsuyama City, Fukui Prefecture, Japan. |url=https://doc.rero.ch/record/15253/files/PAL_E2547.pdf |journal=Memoir of the Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum |volume=2 |pages=17–21}}</ref> Partial materials described in 2024 are likely to belong to the same taxon.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Obuse |first1=Shota |last2=Shibata |first2=Masateru |date=1 January 2024 |title=New goniopholidid specimens from the Lower Cretaceous Kitadani Formation, Tetori Group, Japan |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0753396923000769 |journal=Annales de Paléontologie |series=Palaeobiodiversity of South East Asia, issue 3 |volume=110 |issue=1 |article-number=102661 |doi=10.1016/j.annpal.2023.102661 |bibcode=2024AnPal.11002661O |issn=0753-3969|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
==L==
===Likhoelesaurus=== "Likhoelesaurus" (meaning "Li Khole lizard") is the name given to an as yet undescribed genus of archosauriform, either a dinosaur or rauisuchian, from the Late Triassic of what is now South Africa. The name was coined by Ellenberger in 1970, and the "type species" is "Likhoelesaurus ingens".<ref>Ellenberger, 1970. Les niveaux paléontologiques de première apparition des mammifères primoridaux en Afrique du Sud et leur ichnologie. Establissement de zones stratigraphiques detaillees dans le Stormberg du Lesotho (Afrique du Sud) (Trias Supérieur à Jurassique) The paleontological levels of the first appearance of primordial mammals in southern Africa and their ichnology. Establishment of detailed stratigraphic zones in the Stormberg of Lesotho (southern Africa) (Upper Triassic to Jurassic). in Haughton (ed.). Second Symposium on Gondwana Stratigraphy and Paleontology, International Union of Geological Sciences. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria. 343–370.</ref> It is named after the town in Lesotho where the fossils were found. The only fossils recovered have been teeth, from the late Carnian–early Norian-age Lower Elliot Formation.<ref>Ellenberger and Ginsberg, 1966. Le gisement de Dinosauriens triasiques de Maphutseng (Basutoland) et l'origine des Sauropodes [The Triassic dinosaur locality of Maphutseng (Basutoland) and the origin of sauropods]. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Série D. 262, 444–447.</ref> Ellenberger (1972) regarded the genus as a giant carnosaur, and Kitching and Raath (1984) treated it as possibly referable to ''Basutodon''.<ref>Ellenberger, 1972. Contribution à la classification des Pistes de Vertébrés du Trias: Les types du Stormberg d'Afrique du Sud (I). Palaeovertebrata. 104, 152 pp.</ref><ref>Kitching and Raath, 1984. Fossils from the Elliot and Clarens Formations (Karoo Sequence) of the Northeastern Cape, Orange Free State and Lesotho, and a suggested biozonation based on tetrapods. Palaeontologia Africana. 25, 111–125.</ref> Knoll listed "Likhoelesaurus" as a rauisuchian, also he noted that could also be a rauisuchian.<ref>Knoll, 2004. Review of the tetrapod fauna of the "Lower Stormberg Group" of the main Karoo Basin (southern Africa): Implication for the age of the Lower Elliot Formation. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France. 175(1), 73–83.</ref>
==M==
=== Macysuchus === "Macysuchus" is an informal genus of phytosaur from the Late Triassic Cooper Canyon Formation, Texas, including single proposed species, "Macysuchus brevirostris". It is described in unpublished thesis after articulated specimen include skull and postcranial skeleton (TTUP 9425).<ref name=":2">{{Cite thesis |last=McQuilkin |first=K. S. |title=An Articulated Phytosaur Skeleton: Preparation Techniques From Field to Exhibit |type=Unpublished MSc thesis |publisher=Texas Tech University |url=https://ttu-ir.tdl.org/bitstream/handle/2346/16514/31295013300354.pdf |year=1998}}</ref> This specimen is later referred to ''Redondasaurus gregorii'' by Spielmann and Lucas (2012).<ref name="SL12">{{cite journal |last1=Spielmann |first1=J. A. |last2=Lucas |first2=S. G. |year=2012 |title=Tetrapod Fauna of the Upper Triassic Redonda Formation East-central New Mexico: The Characteristic Assemblage of the Apachean Land-vertebrate Faunachron |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r-woCgAAQBAJ |journal=Bulletin of the New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science |volume=55}}</ref>
===Marichimaera=== thumb|Restoration of "Marichimaera" "Marichimaera waiparaensis" (meaning chimaera of the sea) is a ''nomen ex dissertationae'' created by Hallie Pritchett Street in their PhD thesis centered on the taxonomy of ''Mosasaurus''. It was given this name because the type specimen (CM Zfr-108) apparently bore a mix of traits that were similar to the genera ''Mosasaurus'' and ''Prognathodon''. This new genus was erected to contain the previously named species ''Prognathodon waiparaensis''. In Street's phylogenetic analysis, "Marichimaera" was recovered as being just outside of Mosasaurini. The type specimen was discovered in the Ladimore Formation from the South Island of New Zealand.<ref name=StreetThesis />
===''Moanasaurus'' hobetsuensis=== [[File:Carcass of Kamuysaurus.jpg|thumb|Two ''Moanasaurus'' "hobetsuensis" individuals swimming around a floating carcass of ''Kamuysaurus'']] ''Moanasaurus'' "hobetsuensis" is a ''nomen ex dissertationae'' created by Hallie Pritchett Street in her PhD thesis centered on the taxonomy of ''Mosasaurus''. It is a combination of the existing genus ''Moanasaurus'' (which currently contains only one valid species, ''M. mangahouangae'') and the previously named species ''Mosasaurus hobetsuensis'', which was named in 1985. Street's phylogenetic analysis recovered this specimen (HMG 12) as being within the ''Moanasaurus'' genus but as being distinct from the type species by the saddle-shape of the glenoid condyle of the humerus and other features of the vertebrae and radius bone. The only known remains of ''M''. "hobetsuensis" were discovered in the Hakobuchi Group on the island of Hokkaido in Japan.<ref name=StreetThesis />
===''Moanasaurus'' longirostris=== ''Moanasaurus'' "longirostris" is a ''nomen ex dissertationae'' created by Hallie Pritchett Street in her PhD thesis centered on the taxonomy of ''Mosasaurus''. The species was named as a new species of the existing genus ''Moanasaurus'' (which currently contains only one valid species, ''M. mangahouangae''). The type specimen is IRSNB 3211, which was discovered in Belgium, although the exact locality is not named. ''M''. "longirostris" differs from ''M. mangahouangae'' and ''M''. "hobetsuensis" (section above) in the morphology of the zygapophyses and the quadrate bone.<ref name=StreetThesis />
===Monster of Aramberri=== {{main|Monster of Aramberri}} thumb|Reconstructed skeleton of the "Monster of Aramberri" The "Monster of Aramberri", also known as the "Aramberri pliosaur", is an informal name given to a large pliosaur specimen (UANL-FCT-R2) discovered from the Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) La Caja Formation, Mexico.<ref>{{cite journal|first1=Marie-Céline|last1=Buchy|first2=Eberhard|last2=Frey|first3=Wolfgang|last3=Stinnesbeck|first4=José Guadalupe|last4=López-Oliva|year=2003|title=First occurrence of a gigantic pliosaurid plesiosaur in the late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) of Mexico|journal=Bulletin de la Société géologique de France|volume=174|issue=3|pages=271–278|doi=10.2113/174.3.271|bibcode=2003BSGF..174..271B |issn=1777-5817|s2cid=56469492|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/15484856.pdf|archive-date=17 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317102712/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/15484856.pdf}}</ref> The body length of the "Aramberri pliosaur" is estimated around {{convert|10|-|11|m|ft}}.<ref>{{cite journal|language=de|first1=Frederik|last1=Spindler|first2=Martin|last2=Mattes|title=Einsame Spitze – Fakten und Spekulation über das Solnhofener Gipfelraubtier|trans-title=Lonely at the top – facts and rumours about the Solnhofen apex predator|journal=Archaeopteryx|year=2021|volume=37|pages=56–68|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357673193}}</ref>
===''Mosasaurus'' glycys=== thumb|''Mosasaurus'' "glycys" skull ''Mosasaurus'' "glycys" is a ''nomen ex dissertationae'' created by Hallie Pritchett Street in her PhD thesis centered on the taxonomy of ''Mosasaurus''. This new species was erected based on the specimen IRSNB R12, which was discovered in Belgium, although the precise locality from which it was discovered is not known. It was distinguished from all the existing species of ''Mosasaurus'' based on the presence of more teeth in all of the tooth-bearing bones (premaxillae, maxillae, dentaries, and pterygoids) than ''Mosasaurus hoffmannii'' but fewer pterygoid and maxillary teeth than ''Mosasaurus lemonnieri''. It also possesses unique morphology of its jugal bone, unlike any other species of ''Mosasaurus''. The species epithet "glycys" means "sweet", which is a reference to Belgium's reputation for chocolate production.<ref name=StreetThesis /> The skull is similar in size to the holotype of ''Mosasaurus hoffmannii'', measuring about {{convert|1|m|ft}} long,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bardet |first1=Nathalie |last2=Tunoğlu |first2=Cemal |date=19 September 2002 |orig-date=24 August 2010<!--published online--> |title=The first mosasaur (Squamata) from the Late Cretaceous of Turkey |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |language=en |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=712–715 |doi=10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0712:TFMSFT]2.0.CO;2 |s2cid=130514699 |issn=0272-4634 }}</ref> and it has been suggested that this specimen is a juvenile.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=T. Lynn Harrell Jr.|author2=James E. Martin|title=A mosasaur from the Maastrichtian Fox Hills Formation of the northern Western Interior Seaway of the United States and the synonymy of ''Mosasaurus maximus'' with ''Mosasaurus hoffmanni'' (Reptilia: Mosasauridae)|year=2014|journal=Netherlands Journal of Geosciences|volume=94|issue=1|pages=23–37|doi=10.1017/njg.2014.27|s2cid=131617632|doi-access=free}}</ref>
===''Mosasaurus'' poultneyi=== ''Mosasaurus'' "poultneyi" is an informal species of mosasaur named in a 1953 thesis. The holotype specimen SDSM 452 was discovered in the Late Cretaceous Pierre Shale (Virgin Creek Member) of Brown County, South Dakota and consists of a fairly completed skeleton.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Martin|first=H.|year=1953|title=''Mosasaurus poultneyi'': A South Dakota Mosasaur|publisher=South Dakota School of Mines and Technology|location=Rapid City|pages=1–67|language=en}}</ref> While some researchers assigned the specimen into the previously named species ''Mosasaurus conodon'', others considered it as represents an intermediate species of ''Mosasaurus''.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ikejiri |first1=T. |last2=Lucas |first2=S. |title=Osteology and taxonomy of ''Mosasaurus conodon'' Cope 1881 from the Late Cretaceous of North America |year=2014 |journal=Netherlands Journal of Geosciences |volume=94 |issue=1 |pages=39–54 |doi=10.1017/njg.2014.28 |language=en}}</ref>
==N== === Nakagawa-kubinagaryu === thumb|Reconstructed skeleton of Nakagawa-kubinagaryu Nakagawa-kubinagaryu (ナカガワクビナガリュウ, "Nakagawa plesiosaur") is the nickname given to an elasmosaurid plesiosaur (NMV 2) from deposit of Maastrichtian Yezo Group in Nakagawa, Hokkaido. It is known from fragmentary skull and partial postcranial materials, which shares characters with ''Morenosaurus''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=中川町エコミュージアムセンター・中川町自然誌博物館 |url=https://city.hokkai.or.jp/~kubinaga/ |access-date=16 March 2025 |website=中川町エコミュージアムセンター |language=ja-JP}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> Direct comparison with ''Futabasaurus'' is difficult due to poor preservation, though ''Futabasaurus'' does not have a massive humerus which is present in both ''Morenosaurus'' and NMV 2.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Sato |first=Tamaki |author2=Hasegawa, Yoshikazu |author3= Manabe, Makoto | year=2006 |title=A new elasmosaurid plesiosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Fukushima, Japan |journal=Palaeontology |volume=49 |issue=3 |pages=467–484 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00554.x|doi-access=free |bibcode=2006Palgy..49..467S }}</ref>
===Narynsuchus=== "Narynsuchus" is an extinct genus of goniopholidid. Because it has never been formally described, it is currently considered a ''nomen nudum''. The name was first used in 1990 for fossil material found from a formation called the Balabansai Svita, which forms a lens in site FTA-30 of the Sarykamyshsai 1 locality in the Fergana Valley of Kyrgyzstan.<ref name=NLA90>{{cite journal |last=Nessov |first=L. A. |year=1990 |title=Late Jurassic labyrinthodont (Amphibia, Labyrinthodontia) among other relict vertebrate groups in northern Fergana |journal=Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal |volume=3 |pages=82–90}}</ref> The formation dates back to the Callovian stage of the Middle Jurassic.<ref name=AOA00>{{cite journal |last=Averianov |first=A. O. |year=2000 |title=''Sunosuchus'' sp. (Crocodylomorpha, Goniopholididae) from the Middle Jurassic of Kirghisia |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=20 |issue=4 |pages=776–779 |doi=10.1671/0272-4634(2000)020[0776:SSCGFT]2.0.CO;2|s2cid=85976137 |url=http://doc.rero.ch/record/15157/files/PAL_E2432.pdf }}</ref> The known material of the intended type species "Narynsuchus ferganensis" consists of large and characteristically striated teeth as well as a robust left tibia.<ref name=NKC89>{{cite book |last=Nessov |first=L. A. |author2=Kaznyshkina, L. F. |author3= Cherepanov, G. O. |chapter=Mesozoic dinosaurians-ceratopses and crocodiles of Central Asia |editor=Bogdanova, T. N. |editor2=Khozatsky, L. I. |title=Theoretical and Applied Aspects of Modern Paleontology |year=1989 |publisher=Nauka |location=Leningrad |pages=144–154 }}</ref> "Narynsuchus" is thought to have been larger than ''Sunosuchus'', another crocodyliform from Sarykamyshsai 1, due to the greater size of the known elements belonging to the genus.<ref name=AOA00/> This material was first recognized as belonging to a new crocodyliform in 1989, when it was referred to as an indeterminate species of ''Peipehsuchus''.<ref name=NKC89/>
==O== ===Oolithorhynchus=== "Oolithorhynchus" is an informal genus of pterosaur based on numerous humeri referred to ''Rhamphocephalus'' from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) Eyford Member of the Fuller's Earth Formation.<ref>{{citation |last=Whalley |year=2000 |title=Pterosaurs of the English Middle Jurassic |url=https://doc.rero.ch/record/15436/files/PAL_E1973.pdf}} {{Dead link|date=December 2025|fix-attempted=yes |url=}}</ref> Because the paper proposing "Oolithorhynchus" was not formally published, this name is a ''nomen manuscriptum''.<ref>{{cite web| last = Hanson| first = Mike| title = Genus Index| work = The Pterosauria| publisher = Archosauria.org| date = 12 October 2005 | url = http://www.archosauria.org/pterosauria/taxonomy/genera.html| access-date = 29 March 2007| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070701145445/http://www.archosauria.org/pterosauria/taxonomy/genera.html| archive-date = 1 July 2007}}</ref>
==P== ===Parirau=== "Parirau" is an informal genus of pterosaur from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian) Maungataniwha Member of the Tahora Formation, New Zealand. The intended type species "Parirau ataroa" is named based on a single left ulna (NZMS CD 467) in a 2019 preprint, which renders this name a ''nomen nudum''.<ref name="Albuquerque"/> Originally described as an indeterminate pterosaur with possible similarities to ''Santanadactylus'' in a 1988 paper,<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Wiffen, J.|author2=Molnar, R.E.|year=1988|title=First pterosaur from New Zealand|journal=Alcheringa|volume=12|issue=1|pages=53–59|doi=10.1080/03115518808618996|bibcode=1988Alch...12...53W }}</ref> NZMS CD 467 is classified as an indeterminate azhdarchid in formal literature,<ref name="averianov2014">{{cite journal |last=Averianov |first=Alexander |date=11 August 2014 |title=Review of taxonomy, geographic distribution, and paleoenvironments of Azhdarchidae (Pterosauria) |journal=ZooKeys |issue=432 |pages=1–107 |doi=10.3897/zookeys.432.7913 |doi-access=free |pmid=25152671 |pmc=4141157 |bibcode=2014ZooK..432....1A }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Pentland |first1=A. H. |last2=Poropat |first2=S. F. |year=2023 |title=A review of the Jurassic and Cretaceous Gondwanan pterosaur record |journal=Gondwana Research |volume=119 |pages=341–383 |doi=10.1016/j.gr.2023.03.005 |bibcode=2023GondR.119..341P |s2cid=257685507 }}</ref> contrary to the 2019 preprint which placed it within Lonchodectidae.<ref name="Albuquerque">{{cite bioRxiv|author=Albuquerque, C.|year=2019|title=A Late Cretaceous Lonchodectid?|biorxiv=10.1101/2019.12.17.879783}}</ref>
===Platychelone=== "Platychelone" is an informal genus of sea turtle from the Maastrichtian type area of Netherlands. Named by Louis Dollo in 1909, the intended type species "Platychelone emarginata" is considered a ''nomen nudum'' as the taxon was based on an undescribed, large carapace with no illustrations.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Heere, Jelle J.A.|author2=Wallaard, Jonathan J.W.|author3=Mulder, Eric W.A.|author4=Ponstein, J.|author5=Schulp, Anne S.|year=2023|title=The first report of Chelonioidea cf. Ctenochelys from the Late Cretaceous of the Maastrichtian type area|journal=Netherlands Journal of Geosciences|volume=102|article-number=e6|doi=10.1017/njg.2023.3|doi-access=free|bibcode=2023NJGeo.102E...6H }}</ref>
===Pricesaurus=== {{main|Anhanguera (pterosaur)#"Pricesaurus"}} "Pricesaurus megalodon" ("Llewellyn Ivor Price lizard") is a ''nomen nudum'' based on remains currently assigned to ''Anhanguera''. The remains were first brought up in a lecture by Rafael Gioia Martins-Neto in 1986. He notes several distinct features, but further research proved that all noted features are non-diagnostic and the taxon was ruled invalid due to improper naming conventions.<ref>Martins Neto, R.G. (1986). Pricesaurus megalodon nov. gen. nov. sp. (Pterosauria, Pterodactyloidea), Cretaceo Inferior, Chapada do Araripe (NE-Brasil). Ciência e Cultura 38(7): 756-757 [Portuguese]</ref>
===Procoelosaurus=== "Procoelosaurus" is an informal genus of purported pterosauromorph from the Late Triassic Cooper Canyon Formation of Texas. Named in a 2002 thesis, the intended type species "Procoelosaurus brevicollis" was classified as an ornithodiran close to pterosaurs based on its hindlimb morphology.<ref name="atanassov2002">{{cite thesis|author=Atanassov, M.N.|year=2002|title=Two new archosaur reptiles from the Late Triassic of Texas|degree=PhD|publisher=Texas Tech University|location=Lubbock, Texas|pages=1–352}}</ref> Other potential specimens identified as cf. "Procoelosaurus" were noted in a 2008 thesis.<ref name="Martz08">{{cite thesis |last1=Martz |first1=J. W. |year=2008 |title=Lithostratigraphy, chemostratigraphy, and vertebrate biostratigraphy of the Dockum Group (Upper Triassic), of southern Garza County, West Texas |type=Unpublished PhD thesis |publisher=Texas Tech University |url=https://ttu-ir.tdl.org/handle/2346/20495 |access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref> In 2012, this taxon was informally referred to as "procoelous vertebrate taxon A".<ref name="Martz13">{{cite journal |last1=Martz |first1=J. W. |last2=Mueller |first2=B. |last3=Nesbitt |first3=S. J. |last4=Stocker |first4=M. R. |last5=Parker |first5=W. G. |last6=Atanassov |first6=M. |last7=Fraser |first7=N. |last8=Weinbaum |first8=J. |last9=Lehane |first9=J. |year=2013 |title=A taxonomic and biostratigraphic re-evaluation of the Post Quarry vertebrate assemblage from the Cooper Canyon Formation (Dockum Group, Upper Triassic) of southern Garza County, western Texas |journal=Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh |volume=103 |issue=3–4 |pages=339–364 |doi=10.1017/S1755691013000376 |s2cid=129744424}}</ref>
===Pteromimus=== "Pteromimus" is an informal genus of purported pterosauromorph from the Late Triassic Cooper Canyon Formation of Texas. Named in a 2002 thesis, the intended type species "Pteromimus longicollis" was classified as an ornithodiran close to pterosaurs based on its hindlimb morphology.<ref name="atanassov2002"/> A cervical vertebra identified as cf. "Pteromimus" was noted in a 2008 thesis.<ref name="Martz08"/> In 2012, this taxon was informally referred to as "procoelous vertebrate taxon B".<ref name="Martz13"/>
===Pui azhdarchid=== The "Pui azhdarchid"<ref name="pegas2025"/> is an unnamed hatzegopterygian azhdarchid pterosaur from the Maastrichtian Pui locality of Romania, known from a single cervical vertebra (LPB R.2395). The vertebra indicates a medium-sized species, with an estimated wingspan of {{convert|3.5|-|4|m|ft}},<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Vremir |first1=Mátyás |last2=Witton |first2=Mark |last3=Naish |first3=Darren |last4=Dyke |first4=Gareth |last5=Brusatte |first5=Steve |last6=Norell |first6=Mark |last7=Totoianu |first7=Radu |year=2015 |title=A medium-sized robust-necked azhdarchid pterosaur (Pterodactyloidea: Azhdarchidae) from the Maastrichtian of Pui (Haţeg Basin, Transylvania, Romania) |journal=American Museum Novitates |issue=3827 |pages=1–16 |doi=10.1206/3827.1 |url=https://bioone.org/journals/american-museum-novitates/volume-2015/issue-3827/3827.1/A-Medium-Sized-Robust-Necked-Azhdarchid-Pterosaur-Pterodactyloidea--Azhdarchidae/10.1206/3827.1.full}}</ref> closely related to ''Albadraco'' and ''Hatzegopteryx''.<ref name="pegas2025">{{cite journal |last1=Pêgas |first1=R. V. |last2=Zhou |first2=Xuanyu |last3=Kobayashi |first3=Yoshitsugu |date=16 September 2025 |title=Azhdarchid pterosaur diversity in the Bayanshiree Formation, Upper Cretaceous of the Gobi Desert, Mongolia |journal=PeerJ |volume=13 |article-number=e19711 |doi=10.7717/peerj.19711 |doi-access=free |pmid=40980062 |pmc=12447946 }}</ref>
==R== ===Raptocleidus=== thumb|"Raptocleidus blakei", the "Blockley plesiosaur" "Raptocleidus" is a plesiosaur from the Early Jurassic (Pliensbachian) deposits of Lyme Regis, southern United Kingdom. The genus contained two species, "Raptocleidus blakei" (LEICT G1.2002, one of the "Blockley plesiosaur" specimens) and "Raptocleidus bondi" (NHMUK R16330), both of which were informally named in a 2012 thesis. In the same thesis, the other two "Blockley plesiosaur" specimens (BHI 126445 and GLRCM specimen) and the other plesiosaur specimen from Dorset (BRSMG Ce17972a-o) are classified as "Raptocleidus" sp. It was likely a small plesiosaur, with an estimated body length of {{convert|3|m|ft}}.<ref>{{cite thesis |title= A New Genus of Plesiosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Pliensbachian (Early Jurassic) of England, and a Phylogeny of the Plesiosauria |author= Evans, Mark |year= 2012 |publisher= University of Leicester |degree=PhD |pages= 1–397}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Smith, Adam S.|date=23 July 2024|title=The Return of the Blockley Plesiosaur|website=Plesiosaur Directory|url=https://plesiosauria.com/the-return-of-the-blockley-plesiosaur/|access-date=16 March 2025}}</ref>
===Rhamphodactylus=== "Rhamphodactylus" is a nickname given to fossils of what is likely a basally-branching pterodactyloid from the Mörnsheim Formation by Oliver Rauhut in 2012. The name references the mosaic of features that seem to recall both Rhamphorhynchoidea and Pterodactyloidea. The preserved skull bones are especially similar to ''Pterodactylus'', the tail is similar to rhamphorhynchoids but also ''Darwinopterus'', the shoulder and arm bones are similar to ''Rhamphorhynchus'', and the metacarpal is almost exactly intermediate the two major clades. While the fossil material has been recognized as likely belonging to a new taxon, a proper description has not been published.<ref name="Rauhut2012">{{Cite journal |last1=Rauhut |first1=Oliver W. M. |date=January 2012 |title=Ein "Rhamphodactylus" aus der Mörnsheim-Formation von Mühlheim |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235907980 |journal=Der Bayerischen Staatssammlungfür Paläontologie und Historische GeologieMünchen e.V. |language=de |location=Munich |publisher=Dr. Friedrich Pfeil |pages=69–74 |isbn=978-3-89937-147-5 |issn=0942-5845}}</ref> Some publications have used the nickname "Rhamphodactylus" in reference to this important fossil, even including it in phylogenetic analyses, which have recovered it as a basal pterodactyloid within Monofenestrata.<ref name="Douzhanopterus">{{cite journal | last1 = Wang | first1 = X. | last2 = Jiang | first2 = S. | last3 = Zhang | first3 = J. | last4 = Cheng | first4 = X. | last5 = Yu | first5 = X. | last6 = Li | first6 = Y. | last7 = Wei | first7 = G. | last8 = Wang | first8 = X. | title = New evidence from China for the nature of the pterosaur evolutionary transition | journal = Scientific Reports | volume = 7 | article-number = 42763 | date = 2017 | doi = 10.1038/srep42763 | doi-broken-date = 30 January 2026 | pmid = 28202936 | pmc = 5311862 | bibcode = 2017NatSR...742763W }}</ref><ref name="Ceoptera">{{Cite journal |last1=Martin-Silverstone |first1=Elizabeth |last2=Unwin |first2=David M. |last3=Cuff |first3=Andrew R. |last4=Brown |first4=Emily E. |last5=Allington-Jones |first5=Lu |last6=Barrett |first6=Paul M. |date=5 February 2024 |title=A new pterosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Skye, Scotland and the early diversification of flying reptile |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=43 |issue=4 |article-number=e2298741 |language=en |doi=10.1080/02724634.2023.2298741 |issn=0272-4634|doi-access=free }}</ref> A similar fossil, also with mosaic "transitional" features is known from the Painten Formation of Germany,<ref name="Tischlinger.Frey2014">{{Cite journal |last1=Tischlinger |first1=Helmut |last2=Frey |first2=Eberhard |date=January 2014 |title=Ein neuer Pterosaurier mit Mosaikmerkmalen basaler und pterodactyloider Pterosauria aus dem Ober-Kimmeridgium von Painten (Oberpfa lz, Deutschland) |trans-title=A new pterosaur with mosaic characters of basal and pterodactyloid pterosauria from the Upper Kimmeridgian of Painten (Upper Palatinate, Germany) |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286383896 |journal=Archaeopteryx |language=de |volume=31 |pages=1–13}}</ref> which is now known as ''Propterodactylus''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Spindler |first1=Frederik |date=23 July 2024 |title=A pterosaurian connecting link from the Late Jurassic of Germany |url=https://palaeo-electronica.org/content/2024/5213-pterosaurian-connecting-link |journal=Palaeontologia Electronica |language=English |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=1–27 |doi=10.26879/1366 |issn=1094-8074|doi-access=free }}</ref>
===Richmond pliosaur=== thumb|The Richmond pliosaur The "Richmond pliosaur", also known as "Penny", is an informal name given to a complete polycotylid specimen (QM F18041) from the Early Cretaceous (Albian) Allaru Formation, Australia.<ref name=Kear2016>{{cite journal|last1=Kear|first1=Benjamin P.|year=2016|title=Cretaceous marine amniotes of Australia: perspectives on a decade of new research|journal=Memoirs of Museum Victoria|volume=74|pages=17–28|url=https://museumsvictoria.com.au/media/4238/017-028_mmv74_kear_2_web.pdf|doi=10.24199/j.mmv.2016.74.03|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Segkar, A.|date=22 August 2022|title=More than just a pretty Penny for the small town of Richmond|website=ABC Listen|url=https://www.abc.net.au/listen/programs/brisbane-evenings/rob-ivers/101359242|access-date=6 March 2025}}</ref> Discovered in October 1989, this complete articulated specimen is measured around {{convert|5|m|ft}} long.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Ritchie, A.|year=1990|title=Return of the Great Sea Monsters|journal=Australian Natural History|volume=23|issue=7|pages=538–545|url=https://museum-publications.australian.museum/aus-nat-hist-1990-1991-v23-iss7/}}</ref> Within the family Polycotylidae, it is classified as a member of the clade Occultonectia, which also includes ''Plesiopleurodon'' and ''Sulcusuchus''.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=V. Fischer |author2=R. B. J. Benson |author3=P. S. Druckenmiller |author4=H. F. Ketchum |author5=N. Bardet |year=2018 |title=The evolutionary history of polycotylid plesiosaurians |journal=Royal Society Open Science |volume=5 |issue=3 |article-number=172177 |doi=10.1098/rsos.172177 |doi-access=free |pmid=29657811 |pmc=5882735 |bibcode=2018RSOS....572177F }}</ref>
==S==
=== Satsuma-mukashi-umigame === "Satsuma-mukashi-umigame" (サツマムカシウミガメ, "Satsuma (old name of Kagoshima) ancient sea turtle" is the nickname given to presumed chelonioidean sea turtle from Cenomanian Goshoura Group, Shishijima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture in Japan.<ref name="講演要旨">{{Cite book |url=https://www.palaeo-soc-japan.jp/events/Abstracts_2024_01_Sendai_n.pdf |title=日本古生物学会第 173 回例会 講演予稿集 2024 年 1 月 26 日－28 日 |date=2024 |publisher=日本古生物学会 |page=40}}</ref> Known from partial plastron and single cervical vertebra which shares characters with modern cheloniids, ''Corsochelys'' and ''Toxochelys'', it is the oldest known marine turtle fossil from Japan. Carapace length is estimated to be around {{cvt|70|cm}} long.<ref name="講演要旨" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=日本最古のウミガメ類の化石を鹿児島県で発見 ─ 初期ウミガメの放散過程の解明に期待 ─｜東京都市大学 |url=https://www.tcu.ac.jp/news/all/20240126-55662/ |access-date=14 March 2025 |website=www.tcu.ac.jp |date=26 January 2024 |language=ja}}</ref>
=== Satsuma-utsunomiya-ryu === thumb|Mandible of "Satsuma-utsunomiya-ryu" "Satsuma-utsunomiya-ryu" (サツマウツノミヤリュウ) is the nickname given to an elasmosaurid plesiosaur from Cenomanian Goshoura Group, Shishijima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture in Japan. It is the oldest known elasmosaurid from East Asia, dating back to approximately 100 million years ago. The known material includes the mandible, hyoid, fragments of the skull, 40 cervical vertebrae, and a limb bone, possibly belonging to a juvenile individual. Features of the tooth surface ornamentation cervical vertebrae, suggest Satsuma-unomiya-ryu may represent a new species. The name references the former province name of the discovery site and the discoverer, Satoshi Utsunomiya.<ref>{{Cite thesis |title=鹿児島県長島町獅子島の上部白亜系御所浦層群から産出した 東アジア最古のエラスモサウルス科（爬虫綱，長頚竜目）(Oldest Elasmosauridae (Plesiosauria) in East Asia from the Upper Cretaceous Goshoura Group, Shishijima Island, Southwestern Japan) |url=https://omnh.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/1354 |publisher=Osaka Museum of Natural History |date=31 March 2019 |language=ja |first=聡 |last=宇都宮}}</ref><ref name="peritto">{{Cite news |date=20 March 2020 |title=2004 年に鹿児島県長島町獅子島でクビナガリュウの化石が発見 (The finding of plesiosaur fossil from Shishijima, Nagashima-cho, Kagoshima prefecture in 2004) |url=https://www.pref.kagoshima.jp/bc05/hakubutsukan/gakugei/documents/24191_20200310162010-1.pdf |access-date=11 August 2023 |newspaper=鹿児島県立博物館 鹿博だより No.101 |publisher=Kagoshima Prefectural Museum}}</ref> In 2021, Ustunomiya and Yasuhisa Nakajima reported the presence of a regurgitated "pellet" around its throat region.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=１億年前の首長竜に現代の鳥に似た習性 ─ 世界初、未消化で吐き出した"ペリット"を発見 ─｜東京都市大学 |url=https://www.tcu.ac.jp/news/all/20210208-34431 |access-date=14 February 2024 |website=www.tcu.ac.jp |date=8 February 2021 }}</ref>
=== Satsuma-yokuryu === "Satsuma-yokuryu" (薩摩翼竜, "Satsuma pterosaur") is a nickname given to fossil of partial limb bone of pterosaur described from Cenomanian Goshoura Group, Shishijima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture in Japan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=中島保寿 |last2=宇都宮聡 |date=2022 |title=鹿児島県長島町獅子島の白亜系御所浦層群から産出した翼竜類化石 |url=https://jglobal.jst.go.jp/detail?JGLOBAL_ID=202202227134218813 |journal=化石研究会会誌 |language=ja |volume=54 |issue=2 |page=60 |issn=0387-1924}}</ref> This specimen was first discovered by Satoshi Utsunomiya during a TV program, he and Yasuhisa Nakajima analyzed material and found to be a part of limb bone.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shimbun |first=Minami-Nippon |title=東アジア最古のクビナガリュウ発見地から20メートル 海岸の岩場に棒状の化石が 「こ、これは」研究者の顔色が変わった「翼竜の化石ですよ！」 {{!}} 鹿児島のニュース {{!}} 南日本新聞 |url=https://373news.com/_news/storyid/157746/ |access-date=19 February 2024 |website=鹿児島のニュース - 南日本新聞 {{!}} 373news.com |language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 August 2021 |title=鹿児島の海岸に1億年前の翼竜化石 「薩摩翼竜」と命名：朝日新聞デジタル |url=https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASP8V6DKLP8TTLTB008.html?iref=ogimage_rek |access-date=19 February 2024 |website=朝日新聞デジタル |language=ja}}</ref> Its wingspan would be around {{Convert|4|m|ft|sp=us}}.<ref name=":0" />
=== Scientrysuchus === "Scientrysuchus" is an informal genus of goniopholidid crocodyliform based on the specimen DNSM-NPA-1732 from the Nakdong Formation of South Korea. The specimen and its speculative life restoration is currently housed in the Daegu National Science Museum.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Choi, B.-D.|year=2025|title=Introduction to the 'Evolution of Life' Hall (natural history hall) at the Daegu National Science Museum: Focus on the paleontological collections|journal=Journal of the Geological Society of Korea|volume=61|issue=2|pages=225–243|doi=10.14770/jgsk.2025.009|language=ko}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|last=Choi|first=Yusik|user=usikpaleoart|title=#Scientrysuchus|date=30 December 2022|number=1608752552086237186}}</ref>
===Sinuiju pterosaur=== The "Sinuiju pterosaur" is an informal name given to the anurognathid pterosaur specimen (CKGP 19960828, formerly PS198922) discovered from the Sinuiju Formation of North Korea. This specimen has been tentatively assigned to ''Jeholopterus'' cf. ''ningchengensis'', and another pterosaur specimen (PS199921) is also known from the same formation.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=So |first1=K. S. |last2=Kim |first2=P. H. |last3=Won |first3=C. G. |year=2024 |title=First Articulated Rhamphorhynchoid Pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea |journal=Paleontological Journal |volume=57 |issue=1 supplement |pages=S90–S94 |doi=10.1134/S003103012360018X }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Won, C.G.|editor=Kim, K.C.|year=2022|title=Sinuiju Biota of the Mesozoic in Korea|publisher=Foreign Languages Publishing House|page=83|url=https://michaelharrison.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Sinuiju-Biota-of-the-Mesozoic-in-Korea.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Won |first1=Chol Guk |last2=So |first2=Kwang-Sik |last3=Pak |first3=Un Song |last4=Ju |first4=Il Yop |last5=Ri |first5=Chol Jun |last6=Jon |first6=Su Hyang |last7=Ma |first7=Jun |date=November 2022 |title=Discovery of Early Cretaceous Sinuiju Biota in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and comparison with Jehol Biota in China |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0195667122001677 |journal=Cretaceous Research |language=en |volume=139 |article-number=105303 |doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105303|bibcode=2022CrRes.13905303W |url-access=subscription }}</ref>
===Speeton Clay plesiosaurian=== thumb|The Speeton Clay plesiosaurian The "Speeton Clay plesiosaurian" is an informal name given to the elasmosaurid plesiosaur specimens (NHMUK PV R8623 and SCARB 200751) from the Early Cretaceous (Hauterivian) Speeton Clay Formation of northern England.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Benson |first1=Roger B. J. |last2=Druckenmiller |first2=Patrick S. |date=2014 |title=Faunal turnover of marine tetrapods during the Jurassic-Cretaceous transition |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/brv.12038 |journal=Biological Reviews |language=en |volume=89 |issue=1 |pages=1–23 |doi=10.1111/brv.12038|pmid=23581455 |s2cid=19710180 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>
===Steneosaurus barettoni=== "Steneosaurus barettoni", also known as "Barettoni's metriorhynchid", is an informal name given to the metriorhynchid mandible specimen (MGP-PD 26552) from the Late Jurassic (possibly Oxfordian) of northern Italy. Estimated around {{convert|3.7|m|ft}} in total body length, Andrea Cau tentatively referred this specimen to ''Neptunidraco'', but other researchers argued that it likely belongs to a separate, indeterminate metriorhynchid.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Cau | first1 = Andrea | year = 2013 | title = The affinities of 'Steneosaurus barettoni' (Crocodylomorpha, Thalattosuchia), from the Jurassic of Northern Italy, and implications for cranial evolution among geosaurine metriorhynchids | journal =Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology | volume = 26| issue = 4| pages = 433–440| doi = 10.1080/08912963.2013.784906 | s2cid = 129370850 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Serafini |first1=G. |last2=Foffa |first2=D. |last3=Young |first3=M. T. |last4=Friso |first4=G. |last5=Cobianchi |first5=M. |last6=Giusberti |first6=L. |title=Reappraisal of the thalattosuchian crocodylomorph record from the Middle-Upper Jurassic Rosso Ammonitico Veronese of northeastern Italy: Age calibration, new specimens and taphonomic biases |year=2023 |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=18 |issue=10 |at=e0293614 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0293614 |pmid=37903146 |pmc=10615311 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023PLoSO..1893614S }}</ref>
===Stereosaurus=== "Stereosaurus" is a plesiosaur from the Cambridge Greensand (Cenomanian). The genus contains three species, "Stereosaurus platyomus", "S. cratynotus" and "S. stenomus", all of which were informally coined in 1869 by British paleontologist Harry Seeley, who considered them to be plesiosaurian.<ref name=HGS69>Seeley, H.G. (1869). ''Index to the fossil remains of Aves, Ornithosauria and Reptilia, from the Secondary system of strata arranged in the Woodwardian Museum of the University of Cambridge''. Cambridge, 143 pp.</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last = Welles | first = S.P. | title = A new species of elasmosaur from the Aptian of Colombia and a review of the Cretaceous plesiosaurs | year = 1962 | journal = University of California Publications in Geological Sciences | volume = 44 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–96 | oclc = 5734397 | url = http://redciencia.cu/geobiblio/paper/1962_Welles_%20rvw%20of%20K%20plesiosaurs.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220104165630/http://redciencia.cu/geobiblio/paper/1962_Welles_%20rvw%20of%20K%20plesiosaurs.pdf | archive-date = 4 January 2022}}</ref>
===Sulaimanisuchus=== "Sulaimanisuchus" is an informal genus of purported mesoeucrocodylians from the Cretaceous Vitakri Formation of Pakistan, mentioned by M. Sadiq Malkani in 2010. The proposed holotype is a partial mandibular symphysis. The intended type species is "Sulaimanisuchus kinwai."<ref name=Malkani2010>{{Cite journal |last1=Malkani |first1=Muhammad Sadiq |date=2010 |title=Updated Stratigraphy and Mineral Potential of Sulaiman (Middle Indus) Basin, Pakistan |journal=Sindh University Research Journal (Science Series) |language=en |volume=42 |issue=2 |pages=39–66 |url=https://lgc2016.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/updated-stratigraphy-of-pk.pdf}}</ref>
==T== ===Tous pterosaur=== The "Tous pterosaur" is an unnamed species of azhdarchid from the Maastrichtian Sierra Perenchiza Formation of Valencia, Spain. It is known from fragments of mid-cervical vertebrae that resemble those of ''Azhdarcho'' and ''Quetzalcoatlus''.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=((Company)) |first1=Julio |last2=Ruiz-Omeñaca |first2=José Ignacio |last3=Pereda Suberbiola |first3=Xabier |date=September 1999 |title=A long-necked pterosaur (Pterodactyloidea, Azhdarchidae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Valencia, Spain |journal=Geologie en Mijnbouw |volume=78 |issue=3/4 |pages=319–333 |doi=10.1023/A:1003851316054 |hdl=10251/112485 |url=https://bib.rero.ch/global/documents/975016|hdl-access=free }}</ref>
===''Tylosaurus'' borealis=== ''Tylosaurus'' "borealis" is an informal species of mosasaur, with the known specimen discovered from approximately {{convert|55|km|mi|sp=us}} northeast of Grande Prairie. It was named in a 2020 thesis by Samuel Garvey who described a partial skull of ''Tylosaurus'' catalogued as TMP 2014.011.0001, which makes the specimen the northernmost known occurrence of this genus.<ref>{{cite thesis|author=Garvey, S.T.|title=A new high-latitude ''Tylosaurus'' (Squamata, Mosasauridae) from Canada with unique dentition|year=2020|type=MS|publisher=University of Alberta|url=https://etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file?accession=ucin1584001060097071&disposition=inline|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200723185800/https://etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file?accession=ucin1584001060097071&disposition=inline|archive-date=23 July 2020}}</ref>
==U== ===Umikosaurus=== "Umikosaurus" (meaning lizard child of the sea) is a ''nomen ex dissertationae'' created by Hallie Pritchett Street in her PhD thesis centered on the taxonomy of ''Mosasaurus''. It was named to contain the existing species ''Mosasaurus prismaticus'', which was named by K. Sakurari and colleagues in 1999. Street's phylogenetic analysis did not recover ''M. prismaticus'' within a monophyletic ''Mosasaurus'' genus, but rather found that "Umikosaurus" was a close relative of ''Plotosaurus'' and ''Mosasaurus conodon'' (which they renamed "Aktisaurus conodon"), which is reflected in the morphology of the carinae on its teeth. The type specimen, HMG 1065, was discovered in the Hakobuchi Group on the island of Hokkaido in Japan.<ref name=StreetThesis />
==W== ===Wadanaang=== "Wadanaang" is an informal genus of madtsoiid snake named by M.S. Malkani (2021) in Scientific Research Publishing, a known predatory publisher. The known material of the intended type species "Wadanaang kohsulaimani" consists of fragmentary teeth and vertebra from the Vitakri Formation of Pakistan.<ref name=Malkani2021>{{cite journal|first=Muhammad Sadiq|last=Malkani|year=2021|title=Jurassic-Cretaceous and Cretaceous-Paleogene Transitions and Mesozoic Vertebrates from Pakistan|volume=11|issue=8|pages=274–318|journal=Open Journal of Geology|doi=10.4236/ojg.2021.118016|doi-access=free |bibcode=2021OJGeo..11..275M |s2cid=238828571}}</ref>
===Wyomingopteryx=== The name "Wyomingopteryx" appears in a painting of Morrison prehistoric animals by Robert Bakker. However, this binomen is a ''nomen nudum'', and it is possible that Bakker may have intended to coin "Wyomingopteryx" for the ''Istiodactylus''-like specimen TATE 5999 because that specimen is found in Wyoming.<ref>Bakker, R.T. (1994) Unearthing the Jurassic. In: ''Science Year 1995''. World Book Inc.:Chicago, London, Sydney, Toronto, 76-89. {{ISBN|0-7166-0595-3}}.</ref><ref>Bakker, R.T. (1998). "Dinosaur mid-life crisis: the Jurassic-Cretaceous transition in Wyoming and Colorado". In Lucas, Spencer G.; Kirkland, James I.; Estep, J.W. Lower and Middle Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems 14. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. pp. 67–77.</ref>
==See also== *List of informally named dinosaurs
==References== {{Reflist}}
Category:Lists of prehistoric reptiles Category:Lists of prehistoric animal genera (alphabetic) Category:Mesozoic reptiles Category:Nomina nuda